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1. Impact of antibiotherapy on growing rabbits assessed by a whole-blood transcriptomic approach

Author: Jacquier, Vincent, Combes, Sylvie, Moroldo, Marco, Oswald, Isabelle P., Gaillard, Claire, Gidenne, Thierry, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxicologie Alimentaire (UTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Toxicologie Alimentaire ( UTA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

2. Le niveau de biodiversité végétale des prairies modifie les processus digestifs, le microbiote ruminal et des fèces des vaches laitières et la composition du lait

Author: Musati, M., Coppa, M., Delbès, Céline, Verdier-Metz, Isabelle, Popova, Milka, Niderkorn, Vincent, Bouchon, Matthieu, Farizon, Yves, F., Enjalbert, M, Renna, C, Lussiana, Natalello, Antonino, Martin, Bruno, Ferlay, Anne, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Catania [Italy], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage (UMRF), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité Expérimentale Systèmes d'Elevage de Ruminants de Moyenne Montagne (Herbipôle), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), INRAE, and Institut de l'Elevage
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Séance : Alimentation; International audience; To study the interactions between the plant biodiversity of pastures, ruminants, their microbiota and their products, an in vivo and in vitro experiment was carried out in the spring 2018. After a 5-week adaptation period on a common plot, 2 groups of 7 dairy cows were led for 4 weeks on 2 plots with contrasting levels of plant biodiversity: LD (19 species, mainly grasses) and HD (56 species, mostly dicots). Samples of grass selected by the cows (simulated bites), rumen fluid, faeces, and milk were taken at the end of the experimental periods, respectively. Milk production and protein and fat concentration were similar between treatments. The grass from group HD was more fibrous and had a higher total tannin content. Grass total fatty acids (FA) and C18:3 n-3 contents were higher for LD. Total gas production during in vitro ruminal fermentation of HD grass was lower compared to LD, this being probably due to the inhibition of bacterial proliferation by tannins, which also protected the digestion of the dry matter of the HD group compared to LD. Ruminal fluid of HD cows differed from that of LD cows by a lower concentration of total FA but a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This suggests a less complete biohydrogenation of dietary PUFA induced by tannins. The β-diversity, which considers the equipartition of species, showed differences between the bacterial and fungal communities of the ruminal liquid and the faeces of the cows between the 2 treatments. The FA profile of milk from LD cows is distinguished by a higher concentration of C18:2 c9t11. Moreover, the quantity of C18:3 n-3 is not significantly different between the treatments, despite the marked differences on grass. The lower total FA and n-3 content of the grass from the HD group could have been compensated by the protective role of tannins in the rumen.; Pour étudier les interactions entre la biodiversité végétale des prairies, les ruminants, leur microbiote et leurs produits, des expérimentations in vivo et in vitro ont été menées au printemps 2018. Après une période d’adaptation de 5 semaines sur une parcelle commune, 2 lots de 7 vaches laitières ont été conduits pendant 4 semaines sur 2 parcelles présentant des niveaux de biodiversité végétale contrastés : LD (diversité flaible,19 espèces, beaucoup des graminées) et HD (diversité élevée 56 espèces, beaucoup des dicotylédones). Des prélèvements d’herbe sélectionnés par les vaches (bouchées simulées), de liquide ruminal, de fèces et de lait ont été réalisés en fin de période d’adaptation, et en fin de période expérimentale. La production laitière et les taux protéique et butyreux était similaires entre les lots. L'herbe du lot HD était plus fibreuse et avait une teneur en tanins totaux plus élevée. La teneur en acides gras (AG) totaux de l’herbe, et en C18:3 n3, était plus élevée pour LD. La production totale de gaz lors de la fermentation ruminale in vitro de l’herbe HD était plus faible par rapport à LD, ceci étant probablement dû à l’inhibition de l’activité bactérienne par les tanins, qui ont également protégé la digestion de la matière sèche (MS) du lot HD par rapport au lot LD. Le liquide ruminal des vaches HD a présenté une concentration plus faible en AG totaux mais une proportion plus élevée en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI). Cela suggère une biohydrogénation moins complète des AGPI alimentaires induite par les tanins. La β-diversité, qui considère l’équipartition des espèces, a montré des différences entre des communautés bactériennes et fongiques du liquide ruminal et des fèces des vaches entre les 2 lots. Le profil en AG du lait des vaches LD se distingue par une concentration plus importante en C18:2 c9t11. Par contre, la quantité de C18:3 n-3 n’est pas significativement différente entre les lots, malgré les différences marquées sur l’herbe. Le contenu en AG totaux et en n-3 plus faible de l’herbe du lot HD, pourrait avoir été compensé par l’effet protecteur des tanins dans le rumen.
Published: 2022

3. Impact of feed restriction and of the hygiene of housing on rabbit performances and health

Author: Thierry Gidenne, Martin, O., Isabelle Oswald, Nathalie Le Floch, Sylvie Combes, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toxicologie Alimentaire (UTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Toxicologie Alimentaire ( UTA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], hygiène, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], restriction, lapin, mortalité, croissance
Abstract: Introduction: Limiting the post-weaning intake of the young rabbit is now known to improve its resistance to digestive troubles (Gidenne et al. 2012), while the feed conversion is improved. In contrast a poor hygiene of housing is supposed to have a negative impact on performances and health, as demonstrated in the piglet (Le Floc'h et al., 2010). However, these two factors may interact in determining performances and health as recently showed in pig (Pastorelli et al., 2012). We thus aimed to determine the effect of a moderate post-weaning feed restriction in the rabbit to cope with a poor housing hygiene, in terms of growth and health. Methods: Restriction and housing hygiene were studied according to a 2 X 2 factorial design: free intake "F" or restricted "R" at 70% of F, and high vs low hygiene of housing (H and L), and thus corresponded to four groups of 105 rabbits: HF, HR, LF, LR. Rabbits (INRA hybrid line) were fed the same pelleted experimental diet (crude protein 17.4%, ADF=18.4% as fed) and housed in collective cages (5 rab./cage), in two independent breeding rooms (high or low hygiene), from weaning (28d) to slaughter (63d). The intake of the R groups was adjusted three times per week to reach 70% of the intake of F groups within each room. The poor hygiene of housing was obtained by avoiding cleaning one breeding room before and during the experiment. Mortality was checked daily, while morbidity (rabbits having clinical signs of diarrhoea or a very low growth) was checked weekly as for the intake and live weight control Results: No significant interactions were found between the restriction and hygiene, for performances or health status. From 28 to 63d old the mortality rate was relatively low (meanly 11%) suggesting a good health status. Although the number of rabbits was insufficient to reach substantial conclusions about the health impact, we observed that mortality from digestive troubles started one week after weaning (figure 1) and levelled after 7 weeks of age. We detected a significant positive impact of the feed restriction on the mortality rate during the post-weaning period (28-40d old): 1.9 vs 6.2% (P=0.046). For the whole growth period, restriction or low hygiene did not affect significantly the mortality rate, although we recorded the highest mortality for the rabbits fed freely in poor hygiene housing (15/105). In parallel, the morbidity rate was not affected by the restriction strategy, but was surprisingly lower in low hygiene of housing (table 1) during the post weaning period. With a 30% reduced intake the weight gain was meanly reduced by 16% (49.9 vs 41.7 g/d from 28 to 63d old, P
Published: 2013

4. Prospects from agroecology and industrial ecology for animal production in the 21st century

Author: Marielle Thomas, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Magali Jouven, Bertrand Dumont, Muriel Tichit, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux ( UMR SELMET ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux ( URAFPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires ( SADAPT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Natural resource economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental pollution, industrial ecology, Ecosystem services, livestock raising, Animal Husbandry, aquaculture, environmental footprint, farming systems, inputs, livestock, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agroécologie, Animal culture, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Animals, Domestic, intrant, Industrial ecology, Ecology (disciplines), input, Biology, betail, SF1-1100, 12. Responsible consumption, Animals, Production (economics), système agricole, Agroecology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, Genetic Variation, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, 040201 dairy & animal science, écologie industrielle, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Environmental Pollution, business, Farming Systems and Environment, Forecasting
Abstract: Agroecology and industrial ecology can be viewed as complementary means for reducing the environmental footprint of animal farming systems: agroecology mainly by stimulating natural processes to reduce inputs, and industrial ecology by closing system loops, thereby reducing demand for raw materials, lowering pollution and saving on waste treatment. Surprisingly, animal farming systems have so far been ignored in most agroecological thinking. On the basis of a study by Altieri, who identified the key ecological processes to be optimized, we propose five principles for the design of sustainable animal production systems: (i) adopting management practices aiming to improve animal health, (ii) decreasing the inputs needed for production, (iii) decreasing pollution by optimizing the metabolic functioning of farming systems, (iv) enhancing diversity within animal production systems to strengthen their resilience and (v) preserving biological diversity in agroecosystems by adapting management practices. We then discuss how these different principles combine to generate environmental, social and economic performance in six animal production systems (ruminants, pigs, rabbits and aquaculture) covering a long gradient of intensification. The two principles concerning economy of inputs and reduction of pollution emerged in nearly all the case studies, a finding that can be explained by the economic and regulatory constraints affecting animal production. Integrated management of animal health was seldom mobilized, as alternatives to chemical drugs have only recently been investigated, and the results are not yet transferable to farming practices. A number of ecological functions and ecosystem services (recycling of nutrients, forage yield, pollination, resistance to weed invasion, etc.) are closely linked to biodiversity, and their persistence depends largely on maintaining biological diversity in agroecosystems. We conclude that the development of such ecology-based alternatives for animal production implies changes in the positions adopted by technicians and extension services, researchers and policymakers. Animal production systems should not only be considered holistically, but also in the diversity of their local and regional conditions. The ability of farmers to make their own decisions on the basis of the close monitoring of system performance is most important to ensure system sustainability.
Published: 2013
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5. Approche métabolomique pour la recherche de marqueurs métaboliques de la qualité technologique des foies gras

Author: Bonnefont, Cécile, Guerra, Aurélie, Théron, Laetitia, Molette, Caroline, Canlet, Cécile, Fernandez, Xavier, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toxicologie Alimentaire ( UTA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Toxicologie Alimentaire (UTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Biochimie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fatty liver, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Technological quality, Metabolomics, Science des productions animales, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: La maîtrise de la fonte lipidique des foies gras à la cuisson représente aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur pour les acteurs de la filière. L’amélioration des différentes étapes : élevage-gavage, abattage et transformation des foies a permis de réduire les pertes lipidiques à la cuisson. Cependant une part de la variabilité de ce paramètre reste mal contrôlée. Pour mieux comprendre cette variabilité, les caractéristiques intrinsèques de deux groupes de foies gras avec des valeurs extrêmes de rendement technologique ont été comparées. Leurs métabolites hydrophiles ont été analysés en RMN du proton, puis comparés. Ces résultats ont renforcé l’idée que i) le catabolisme protéique est plus élevé dans les foies avec des rendements technologiques faibles que dans ceux avec des rendements élevés et ii) que le stress oxydatif semble moindre dans les foies avec des rendements technologiques élevés. Les membranes plasmiques pourraient avoir une meilleure intégrité ce qui expliquerait la plus grande rétention de lipides lors de la cuisson dans ce groupe de foie gras., The control of fatty liver fat loss during cooking represents a major issue for fatty liver industry. The improvement of animal breeding and slaughter, and fatty liver transformation has enabled a reduction of fat loss. However a part of the variability of this parameter remains under-controlled. To provide enhanced insights this variability, intrinsic characteristics of two groups of fatty livers with extreme technological yield values were compared. Their hydrophilic metabolite profiles were analyzed by 1H NMR. The results highlighted the assumption that i) the proteic catabolism is enhanced in fatty livers with low technological yield, ii) the oxidative stress is lower in the fatty livers with high technological yield. The plasma membranes could display better integrity, which could explain the higher retention of lipids during the cook in this fatty liver group.
Published: 2013

6. Atol : une ontologie dédiée aux traits des animaux d'élevage, un exemple sur le thème de la croissance et de la qualité de la viande

Author: Jérôme Bugeon, Elisabeth Baeza, Jean-Paul Brun, Isabelle Cassar-Malek, Arnaud Chatonnet, Michel DUCLOS, Xavier Fernandez, Florence Gondret, Isabelle Hue, Catherine Jurie, Serge Leibovitch, Brigitte Picard, Sophie Prache, Pierre-Yves Rescan, Pierre-Yves Le Bail, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance (DCC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station commune de Recherches en Ichtyophysiologie, Biodiversité et Environnement ( SCRIBE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -IFR140, Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance ( DCC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction ( BDR ), Station commune de Recherches en Ichtyophysiologie, Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-IFR140, Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, caractère phénotypique, animal de rente, animal modèle, food and beverages, qualité de la viande, qualité de la chair, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ontologie, ontologie ATOL
Abstract: Session : Bases biologiques de la qualité et génétique/génomique; Recent technological advances in biology allow the collection of large sets of data which permit a precise description of the phenotypes. To process those data, computers require a standardized language to which the users (zootechnician, geneticists, physiologists, biochemists, ethologists, producers...) will be able to refer. The construction of this language is based on ontologies. INRA in collaboration with USDA in the USA have set up a program called ATOL (for "Animal Trait Ontology for Livestock") aiming to define and organize the phenotypical characters of livestock species. Integrating societal concerns, the objective is to describe the traits underlying livestock production efficiency: welfare and adaptation, nutrition and feed efficiency, fertility and reproductive efficiency, mammary gland and milk production, growth and meat production. At present, 229 traits concern growth and meat production, of 6 major species (cattle, pig, chicken, trout, rabbit, sheep) with a good genericity.
Published: 2012

7. L'agro-écologie appliquée aux systèmes de production animale

Author: Dumont, Bertrand, Lamothe, Laurence, Jouven, Magali, Thomas, M., Tichit, Muriel, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires ( SADAPT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences
Abstract: Ancien ID ProdINRA : 197726; absent
Published: 2012

8. Que peut-on attendre des pratiques d’élevage pour améliorer la qualité nutritionnelle des matières grasses du lait bovin et caprin ?

Author: Laurence Bernard, Bruno Martin, Anne Ferlay, Philippe Schmidely, Yves Chilliard, Cécile Martin, Frederic Glasser, Francis Enjalbert, J. Rouel, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Matière grasse laitière, Future studies, bovin, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Ingénierie des aliments, Medicine (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, MILK FAT, FATTY ACIDS, FEEDING FACTORS, COW, GOAT, qualité nutritionnelle, Ruminant, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Food science, Secretion Processes, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, acide gras, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Art, Sunflower, Milk fat, Facteur alimentaire, vache, Composition (visual arts), lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, nutrition humaine, Silage, chèvre, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:TP670-699, 03 medical and health sciences, Food engineering, caprin, 030304 developmental biology, système de production, 0402 animal and dairy science, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, lait, élevage, chemistry, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Humanities, Food Science
Abstract: This review gives an update of available data on the effect of nutrition on milk fatty acid (FA) composition in dairy cow and goat. It starts by an overview of the main digestive and metabolic pathways involved in the milk fat secretion processes. Used data are originated from literature and from two databases developed by INRA. Altogether, analyses confirm the wide plasticity of milk FA profiles in dairy ruminant, peculiarly for the saturated FA (10–18 carbon), oleic (9c-18:1) and vaccenic (11t-18:1) acids, and other trans isomers of 18:1 and 18:2. Comparing effects of diets with large amount of concentrate and/or maize silage with grass-based diets (grazed or correctly preserved) shows a decrease in saturated FA, at the expense of 9c- and 11t-18:1, and to a lesser extent, 18:3 n-3 and 9c11t-CLA. Dietary supplements of plant oil or oilseeds have similar effects, sometimes more marked, but they increase simultaneously other trans isomers of 18:1 and 18:2, especially when added to maize silage and/or high-concentrate diets. Oils or seeds rich in 18:2 n-6 (sunflower, soybean…) increase particularly 10t-18:1, and 10t12c-, 8t10c-, 7t9c- and 9t11c-CLA, whereas those rich in 18:3 n-3 (linseed) enhance notably 13t/14t-18:1, and 9ct12-, 9ct13- and 11tc15-18:2. When comparing goats’ with cows’ results, it seems that they are less sensitive to the 11t- to 10t- ruminal shift, thus explaining the good stability and the large magnitude of the responses of their milk 11t-18:1 and 9c11t-CLA content to lipid supplementation of high-concentrate diets. Furthermore, goats seem to respond better than cows to 18:3 n-3 rich supplements. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of milk FA profile as biomarkers for the authentication of milk according to production zone and type of feeding, or to predict methane enteric emissions by dairy cows receiving oilseeds. Future studies should also integrate the expected progress of knowledge on the potential effects on consumers of the different major and minor FA found in standard or modified dairy products, as well as putative secondary effects of feeding conditions on sensory quality of dairy products and ruminant health.; La composition en acides gras (AG) du lait est une composante importante de sa qualité nutritionnelle pour l’homme, qualité qui est fortement modulable à court terme par l’alimentation des ruminants. Après un rappel des principaux phénomènes digestifs et métaboliques qui concourent à la synthèse des matières grasses du lait, cette revue présente les données récentes sur les effets de l’alimentation sur la composition en AG du lait de vache, ainsi que sur quelques particularités de la chèvre. Ces données confirment et précisent la forte plasticité du profil en AG du lait de ruminant, notamment pour les AG saturés (C10–C18), l’acide oléique (9c-18:1), l’acide vaccénique (11t-18:1) et d’autres isomères trans du 18:1 et du 18:2. Par rapport à des rations riches en concentrés et/ou en ensilage de maïs, les rations à base d’herbe (pâturée ou correctement conservée) diminuent les AG saturés au profit des 9c- et 11t-18:1, et dans une moindre mesure du 18:3 n-3 et du 9c11t-CLA. Les suppléments d’huiles ou graines oléagineuses ont des effets similaires, parfois plus marqués, mais ils augmentent aussi d’autres isomères trans du 18:1 et du 18:2, notamment lorsqu’ils sont ajoutés à des rations riches en concentrés et/ou en ensilage de maïs. Les huiles et graines riches en 18:2 n-6 (tournesol, soja…) accroissent en particulier le 10t-18:1 et les 10t12c-, 8t10c-, 7t9c- et 9t11c-CLA, alors que celles qui sont riches en 18:3 n-3 (lin) accroissent, notamment, le 13t/14t-18:1 et les 9c12t-, 9c13t- et 11t15c-18:2. Des différences marquées existent entre les réponses de la lipogenèse mammaire et du profil des AG du lait de la vache et de la chèvre laitière. La chèvre est moins sujette que la vache à la déviation du métabolisme ruminal du 11t- vers le 10t-18:1, ce qui explique probablement la stabilité et l’ampleur des réponses à la supplémentation lipidique des 11t-18:1 et 9c11t-CLA de son lait, y compris avec des rations riches en concentrés. En outre, l’effet inhibiteur du 10t12c-CLA sur la lipogenèse mammaire est beaucoup moins marqué chez cette espèce que chez la vache. Enfin, la chèvre semble mieux répondre que la vache à la supplémentation du régime en 18:3 n-3. Des études en cours évaluent une possible utilisation du profil en AG du lait pour tracer l’origine des produits, ou pour prédire la réduction de la production de méthane d’origine digestive chez la vache laitière recevant des graines oléagineuses. Les études futures devront aussi intégrer l’avancée attendue des connaissances en nutrition humaine sur les effets potentiels des différents AG majeurs et mineurs des produits laitiers standards ou modifiés, ainsi que les éventuels effets secondaires des pratiques alimentaires sur la qualité sensorielle des produits et la santé des animaux.
Published: 2010
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9. Données récentes sur les effets de l'alimentation sur la composition en acides gras du lait de vache

Author: Frederic Glasser, Francis Enjalbert, Anne Ferlay, Yves Chilliard, Philippe Schmidely, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation (PNA)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, CONCENTRE, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0402 animal and dairy science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract: Apres un rappel des principaux phenomenes digestifs et metaboliques qui concourent a la synthese des matieres grasses du lait, cette revue fait le point des donnees recentes sur les effets de l'alimentation sur la composition en acides gras (AG) du lait de vache. Ces donnees sont issues de la bibliographie ainsi que d'une base de donnees developpee a l'INRA. Elles confirment la forte plasticite du profil en AG du lait de vache, notamment pour les AG satures (C10 a C18), l'acide oleique (9c-18:1), l'acide vaccenique (11t-18:1) et d'autres isomeres trans du 18:1 et du 18:2. Par rapport a des rations riches en concentres et/ou en ensilage de mais, les rations a base d'herbe (pâturee ou correctement conservee) diminuent les AG satures au profit des 9c- et 11t-18:1, et dans une moindre mesure du 18:3 n-3 et du 9c11t-CLA. Les supplements d'huiles ou graines oleagineuses ont des effets similaires, parfois plus marques, mais ils augmentent aussi d'autres isomeres trans du 18:1 et du 18:2, notamment lorsqu'ils sont ajoutes a des rations riches en concentres et/ou en ensilage de mais. Les huiles et graines riches en 18:2 n-6 (tournesol, soja,...) accroissent en particulier le 10t-18:1 et les 10t12c-, 8t10c-, 7t9c- et 9t11c-CLA, alors que celles qui sont riches en 18:3 n-3 (lin) accroissent notamment le 13t/14t-18:1 et les 9c12t-, 9c13t- et 11t15c-18:2.
Published: 2008
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10. Données récentes sur les effets de l’alimentation sur la composition en acides gras du lait de vache, de chèvre et de brebis

Author: Chilliard, Yves, Glasser, Frederic, Enjalbert, Francis, Ferlay, Anne, Bocquier, Francois, Schmidely, Philippe, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation (PNA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux ( UMR SELMET ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: absent
Published: 2007

11. Resultados recientes sobre los efectos de la alimentacion en la composicion en acidos grasos de la leche de vaca, cabra y oveja

Author: Chilliard , Yves, Glasser , Frederic, Enjalbert , Francis, Ferlay , Anne, Bocquier , Francois, Schmidely , Philippe, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation (PNA), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme ( TANDEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux ( UMR SELMET ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], LIPID SUPPLEMENTATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: absent
Published: 2007

12. Insights into suckling rabbit feeding behaviour: acceptability of different creep feed presentations and attractiveness for sensory feed additives

Author: G. Rebours, K. Bébin, Gérard Coureaud, C. Gohier, A. Debrusse, Sylvie Combes, Emeline Guené-Grand, J. Duperray, Thierry Gidenne, Charlotte Paës, Patrick Aymard, C. Bannelier, L. Fortun-Lamothe, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe CCPA, IN VIVO NSA, MIXscience, INZO Chierry, TECHNA, Mondelez International, Chimie, biologie et radicaux libres - UMR 6517 (CBRL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Evialis, Wisium, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Techna, Coureaud, Gérard, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Litter (animal), 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rabbit kit, Beetroot Juice, SF1-1100, 0403 veterinary science, Animal science, Fodder, Pellet, Weaning, Palatability, Beet pulp, preference, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Creep feeding, Animal culture, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], flavouring additive, Animal Science and Zoology, creep feed, solid feed intake
Abstract: International audience; n young rabbit, digestive disorders are frequently observed around weaning. Stimulating the onset of feed intake in the suckling rabbit might be a way to promote gut health. The aim of this study was to determine the rabbit's acceptability for different feed presentations and its preferences for flavours at an early stage of life. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form and flavouring on creep feed attractiveness. All the diets tested were provided in the nest from 3 to 17 days, and the daily intake per litter was recorded as of 8 days of age. In the first trial, five feed presentations were tested separately (n= 60 litters). Three dry presentations were chosen: commercial pellet (P), crumb from commercial pellet (cP) and crumb from beet pulp pellet (cBP). Hydrated feeds were also provided with either raw fodder beetroot (B) or a semi-solid feed in agar gel form produced with fodder beetroot juice and pulp (gB). In the second trial, double-choice tests were performed on four feed gels (n= 72 litters), leading to six comparison treatments. These agar gels were made of pellet mash without or with a sensory additive: one non-odorised control gel and three gels with 0.20% banana flavour, 0.06% red berry flavour and 0.10% vanilla flavour, respectively. In the first trial, kits ate more gB in fresh matter than other feed presentations (P< 0.001), with a total intake of 7.0 +/- 1.8 g/rabbit from 8 to 17 days. In DM, the total consumption of pellets P (1.6 +/- 0.4 g of DM/rabbit) was the highest together with the gB form (1.4 +/- 0.4 g of DM/rabbit), whereas cBP was barely consumed (0.3 +/- 0.1 g of DM/rabbit). Gel feed supplemented with vanilla was slightly more consumed than other flavoured and non-odorised gels (relative consumption of 57% when compared to control gel;P= 0.001). The gel feed intake was independent of the milk intake but was correlated with the litter weight at 3 days (r= 0.40,P< 0.001). In both trials, rabbit growth before and after weaning was not affected by the type of creep feed provided. Our results confirmed that providing creep feed promotes the solid intake of rabbits at early stages. Gel feed form motivated rabbits to eat and vanilla flavour supplementation increased the feed palatability. Those creep feed characteristics should be explored further for seeking effective stimulation of the onset of the feed intake in suckling rabbit.
Published: 2020
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13. Putative Protein Biomarkers of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Multiresistance Identified by MALDI Mass Spectrometry

Author: Bardot, Valérie, Escalon, Anaïs, Ripoche, Isabelle, Denis, Sylvain, ALRIC, Monique, Chalancon, Sandrine, Chalard, Pierre, Cotte, César, Berthomier, Lucile, Leremboure, Martin, Dubourdeaux, Michel, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Universidade do Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 'Espectrometria de massa e sequenciacao aplicadas a microbiologia clinica moderna: pesquisa e identificacao de biomarcadores em especies bacterianas multiresistentes' (Programa de Accoes Universitarias Integradas Luso-Francesas) TC-14/2017Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV - FCT/MCTES UIDB/50006/2020, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Veterinary Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, LAQV@REQUIMTE, DQ - Departamento de Química, PiLeJe Industrie, Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Equipe MaQuaV, INATAA, Université Mentouri Constantine [Algérie] (UMC), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Équipe Transformation et Elaboration des Produits Agro-Alimentaires (TEPA), Laboratoire de Nutrition et Technologies Alimentaires (LNTA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.drug_class, Tetracycline, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Bacterial resistance, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, antibiotics, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, one health, Antibiotic resistance, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Immunology and Microbiology(all), Ampicillin, medicine, MALDI-TOF MS, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Gene, Escherichia coli, One health, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), bacterial resistance, biomarkers, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biomarkers, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract: Ação n.º: TC-14/2017 UIDB/50006/2020 The commensal bacteria Escherichia coli causes several intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, since it has virulence factors that interfere in important cellular processes. These bacteria also have a great capacity to spread the resistance genes, sometimes to phylogenetically distant bacteria, which poses an additional threat to public health worldwide. Here, we aimed to use the analytical potential of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize E. coli isolates and identify proteins associated closely with antibiotic resistance. Thirty strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli were sampled from various animals. The phenotypes of antibiotic resistance were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods, and they showed that all bacterial isolates were multi-resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and ampicillin. To identify peptides characteristic of resistance to particular antibiotics, each strain was grown in the presence or absence of the different antibiotics, and then proteins were extracted from the cells. The protein fingerprints of the samples were determined by MALDI-TOF MS in linear mode over a mass range of 2 to 20 kDa. The spectra obtained were compared by using the ClinProTools bioinformatics software, using three machine learning classification algorithms. A putative species biomarker was also detected at a peak m/z of 4528.00. publishersversion published
Published: 2020
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14. Digestion of sugars and starch

Author: Thierry Gidenne, E. Blas, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Carlos De Blas (Editeur), Julian Wiseman (Editeur), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Starch, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Maize starch, Intestinal absorption, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Digestion (alchemy), Amylose, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Food science, Amylase, health care economics and organizations, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, humanities, Lactic acid, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology.protein, Fermentation
Abstract: International audience; It is possible to classify the carbohydrate fractions of plants incorporated into animal feed into two groups : (i) those that are hydrolysable by the endogenous intestinal enzymes of the animal (these polysaccharides are located predominantly within the plant cell); and (ii) those that are hydrolysable only by enzymes produced by the microbiota (these are principally cell wall polysaccharides and are considered in more detail in Chapter 5). The former can be further separated into two main groups : first, the simple sugars and oligosaccharides represented mainly by the starches (contributing 100-250Kg-2). The structure and digestion of starch are described later in this chapter. First, the digestion of simple sugares and oligosaccharides are considered.
Published: 2020
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15. Outcomes after cryoablation vs. radiofrequency in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: impact of pulmonary veins anatomy

Author: François Jourda, F. Massin, P-A Sousa, J.P. Albenque, Ziad Khoueiry, Eloi Marijon, C. Cardin, Nicolas Combes, Rui Providência, Jean-Luc Pasquié, Stéphane Combes, T.T. Cung, Serge Boveda, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France., Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK], Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Clinique Pasteur [Toulouse], Department of Cardiology, Auxerre Hospital, Auxerre, France., University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de cardiologie [Montpellier], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Radiofrequency ablation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Catheter ablation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Pulmonary vein, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cryoballoon ablation, business.industry, Pulmonary vein anatomy, Cryoablation, Ablation, 3. Good health, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; Pulmonary vein isolation is the mainstay of treatment in catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Cryoballoon ablation has been introduced more recently than radiofrequency ablation, the standard technique in most centres. Pulmonary veins frequently display anatomical variants, which may compromise the results of cryoballoon ablation. We aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of cryoballoon ablation in an unselected population with paroxysmal AF from an anatomical viewpoint.
Published: 2016
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16. Protein Matrix Involved in the Lipid Retention of Foie Gras during Cooking: A Multimodal Hyperspectral Imaging Study

Author: Frédéric Jamme, C. Molette, Annie Venien, Xavier Fernandez, Laetitia Théron, Paul Dumas, Frédéric Peyrin, Thierry Astruc, Matthieu Réfrégiers, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA + CIFOG + Région Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: Hot Temperature, heating, UV microspectroscopy, Fats, Matrix (chemical analysis), [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, High fat, Animals, Denaturation (biochemistry), Cooking, foie gras, Food science, Tyrosine, fat loss, Chemistry, infrared microspectroscopy, Proteins, General Chemistry, Autofluorescence, Ducks, Liver, Biochemistry, histochemistry, quality, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Fat loss, Lipid retention
Abstract: International audience; Denaturation of the protein matrix during heat treatment of duck foie gras was studied in relationship to the amount of fat loss during cooking. A low fat loss group was compared with a high fat loss group by histochemistry, FT-IR, and synchrotron UV microspectroscopy combination to characterize their protein matrix at different scales. After cooking, the high fat loss group showed higher densification of its matrix, higher ultraviolet tyrosine autofluorescence, and an infrared shift of the amide I band. These results revealed a higher level of protein denaturation and aggregation during cooking in high fat loss than in low fat loss foie gras. In addition, the fluorescence and infrared responses of the raw tissue revealed differences according to the level of fat losses after cooking. These findings highlight the importance of the supramolecular state of the protein matrix in determining the fat loss of foie gras.
Published: 2014
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17. Metabolomic study of fatty livers in ducks: Identification by 1 H-NMR of metabolic markers associated with technological quality

Author: Aurélie Guerra, C. Molette, Cécile Bonnefont, Cécile Canlet, Laetitia Théron, Xavier Fernandez, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Metabolite, Biology, Duck, Fats, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, Internal medicine, Biologie animale, Technological quality, Food Quality, medicine, Animals, Lipolysis, Diminution, Glycogen, Catabolism, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Fatty liver, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Ducks, Endocrinology, Food Storage, Liver, chemistry, Interactions entre organismes, Alimentation et Nutrition, Metabolome, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Adenosine triphosphate, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The control of fatty liver fat loss during cooking is a major issue. Previous studies showed that fat loss was influenced by bird production factors and liver technological treatments. However, part of the variability in fat loss remained uncontrolled. To provide enhanced insights into the determinism of fatty liver quality, liver hydrophilic metabolite profiles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton (1H-NMR). The study aimed at i) comparing fatty livers with extreme fat loss values and ii) at characterizing the effect of postmortem evolution of livers during chilling. A group of 240 male mule ducks (Cairina moschata × Anas platyrhynchos) was reared and overfed. Their livers were sampled at 20 min and 6 h postmortem. Of these birds, 2 groups of ducks were built with extreme values on the technological yield (TY; TY = 100 − % fat loss; the low-fat-loss group, TY = 89.9%, n = 13; and the high-fat-loss group, TY = 68.3%, n = 12, P < 0.001). The 1H-NMR analyses showed that the high-fat-loss livers were more advanced in postmortem biochemical and structural changes than low-fat-loss livers early postmortem. The high-fat-loss livers were characterized by hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose, worse integrity of cell membrane with diminution of compounds of phospholipids, and higher catabolic processes. The accelerated postmortem processes may be the origin of the differences in fat loss during cooking. During the early postmortem period, the adenosine triphosphate amount in liver cells was strongly reduced and lipolysis of triglycerides seemed to be enhanced. The glycogen stored in liver was first converted into glucose, but contrary to what happens in postmortem muscles, glucose was not converted into lactate.
Published: 2014
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18. Dietary Fibres: Their Analysis in Animal Feeding, and Their Role in Rabbit Nutrition and Health

Author: Thierry Gidenne, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 030309 nutrition & dietetics, analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rabbit, Biology, Polysaccharide, Crude fibre, lcsh:Agriculture, 03 medical and health sciences, Physical structure, pathologie, Food science, lapin, lcsh:Cattle, santé, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Dietary fibres, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, 0402 animal and dairy science, Dietary fibre, lcsh:S, food and beverages, health, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, lcsh:SF191-275, 040201 dairy & animal science, Human nutrition, nutrition, chemistry, synthèse, Polyphenol, fibre, lcsh:SF600-1100, lcsh:Animal culture, mortalité, Fibre content
Abstract: Two centuries ago Heinrich Einhof develops the so-called Weende method (crude fibre), to first deals with the fibre content of the feeds for ruminants, and proposes to isolate a residue called the "crude fibre". Then, dietary fibres concepts evolve and differ in animal feeding compared to human nutrition and health. Animal nutritionists deals with various fibres sources, often from whole plants (forages, by products of seeds processing, etc.), and recovers a larger range of polysaccharidic components, including other polymers, such polyphenolic (lignins, tannins) or polylipidic compounds (cutins). Dietary fibres are generally defined as the polysaccharides and associated substances resistant to mammal enzyme digestion and absorption that can be partially or totally fermented in the gut. However, today this topic is still subjected to very active research, because of the complexity of the physical structure and chemical composition of the plant cell walls, and in the wide and different physiological effects of these different constituents. The importance of dietary fibres in animal feeding is due to its influence on rate of passage, mucosa functionality and its role as substrate for gut microbiota that relates to performances and digestive health. Our review will consider briefly the definition and structure of the different classes of fibres and of cell wall constituents, followed by a description of some analytical methods employed for animal feeds. Secondly the nutritional role and impact of fibres intake on digestive health will be described for the growing rabbit. The fibres in the rabbit feed are essential to reduce the risk of digestive trouble after weaning, and the requirements are defined in term of quantity and quality of the fibres fractions: a minimal level of lignocellulose "ADF" (18%) and lignins (>5%), balanced with a maximum quantity of digestible fibres "DgF" (ratio DgF/ADF below 1.3).
Published: 2013

19. Phage adsorption to bacteria in the light of the electrostatics: A case study using E. coli, T2 and flow cytometry

Author: Stéphan Jacquet, Mike Manefield, Fabien Thomas, Olivier Zemb, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University New South Wales UNSW, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci BABS, Ctr Marine BioInnovat CMB, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Early Career Research grant of the University of New South Wales
Subjects: Salinity, Hydrodynamic radius, Static Electricity, Analytical chemistry, Virus Attachment, Sodium Chloride, Biology, Microbiology, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, Dynamic light scattering, Virology, Static electricity, Escherichia coli, Bacteriophage T4, Centrifugation, Flow cytometry, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Osmolar Concentration, Culture Media, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ionic strength, symbols, Receptors, Virus, DLVO, Phage, DLVO theory, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, van der Waals force
Abstract: International audience; The addition of sodium chloride to freshwater or diluted minimal salt medium increases the adsorption of T2 phages on Escherichia coli. For the first time the adsorption in diluted minimal salt medium was measured by counting unadsorbed phages (i.e. free particles) using flow cytometry, allowing a gentle separation between adsorbed and unadsorbed phages. Flow cytometry was able to detect weakly adsorbed phage that remained undetected using classical centrifugation-based methods and this allowed us to show that increasing ionic strength enhances the phage adsorption to its bacterial host with an extremely low detection limit. A key result was that the adsorption in high ionic strength (i.e. 100 mM) reached 4.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(-5) mL/min which is 1400 fold higher than previously reported values.In order to understand the mechanism underpinning such a weak phage adsorption, the zeta potentials and the diffusion coefficient of the particles were measured by dynamic light scattering. The bacterial cells and the phages had zeta potentials between -60 mV and -10 mV and -30 mV and -10 mV, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of the phage was 2.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-12) m(2) s(-1) corresponding to a hydrodynamic radius of 104 +/- 15 nm. However significant adsorption occurs in conditions where the DLVO theory predicts that minimal encounter, suggesting that forces other that electrostatic repulsion and Van der Waals interaction (e.g. potential impurities, particle shape and other biological characteristics) are likely to interplay.
Published: 2013
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20. Effects of increasing amounts of corn dried distillers grains with solubles in dairy cow diets on methane production, ruminal fermentation, digestion, N balance, and milk production

Author: Daniel I. Massé, C. Julien, P.Y. Chouinard, Chaouki Benchaar, Rachel Gervais, F. Hassanat, Hélène V. Petit, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, and Benchaar, C
Subjects: Soybean meal, Latin square, composition du lait, Food science, Animal biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, methane, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, corn distillers grains with solubles, dairy cow, régime alimentaire, Milk, vache laitière, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Digestion, Female, régulation enterique, Rumen, maïs, Nitrogen, Total mixed ration, Zea mays, Distillers grains, fermentation ruminale, Excretion, 03 medical and health sciences, Biologie animale, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, Dry matter, production de lait, Distillation, 030304 developmental biology, race bovine holstein, 0402 animal and dairy science, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Solubility, chemistry, Fermentation, Propionate, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, Soybeans, Edible Grain, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this study was to examine the effects of including corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in the diet at the expense of corn and soybean meal on enteric CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion (in sacco and apparent total-tract digestibility), N balance, and milk production of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were used in a triplicated 4×4 Latin square design (35-d periods) and fed (ad libitum intake) a total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 0, 10, 20, or 30% DDGS. Dry matter intake increased linearly, whereas apparent-total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy declined linearly as DDGS level in the diet increased. Increasing the proportion of DDGS in the diet decreased the acetate:propionate ratio, but this decrease was the result of reduced acetate concentration rather than increased propionate concentration. Milk yield increased linearly (up to +4kg/d) with increasing levels of DDGS in the diet and a tendency was observed for a quadratic increase in energy-corrected milk as the proportion of DDGS in the diet increased. Methane production decreased linearly with increasing levels of DDGS in the diet (495, 490, 477, and 475 g/d for 0, 10, 20, and 30% DDGS diets, respectively). When adjusted for gross energy intake, CH4 losses also decreased linearly as DDGS proportion increased in the diet by 5, 8, and 14% for 10, 20, and 30% DDGS diets, respectively. Similar decreases (up to 12% at 30% DDGS) were also observed when CH4 production was corrected for digestible energy intake. When expressed relative to energy-corrected milk, CH4 production declined linearly as the amount of DDGS increased in the diet. Total N excretion (urinary and fecal; g/d) increased as the amount of DDGS in the diet increased. Efficiency of N utilization (milk N secretion as a proportion of N intake) declined linearly with increasing inclusion of DDGS in the diet. However, productive N increased linearly with increasing proportions of DDGS in the diet, suggesting better efficiency of N use by the animal. Results from this study show that feeding DDGS to dairy cows can help to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions without negatively affecting intake and milk production.
Published: 2013
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21. Repeated acidosis challenges and live yeast supplementation shape rumen microbiota and fermentations and modulate inflammatory status in sheep

Author: Marie-Madeleine Mialon, Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand, Pascale Mosoni, Mathieu Silberberg, Diego P. Morgavi, L. Commun, Christine Martin, Valérie Monteils, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lallemand S.A.S., Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: Male, sheep, Rumen, Lipopolysaccharide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Butyrate, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, SF1-1100, rumen acidosis, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Yeasts, inflammatory status, medicine, rumen microbiota, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], rumen fermentations, 030304 developmental biology, Acidosis, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Yeast, Animal culture, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Fermentation, Hay, Propionate, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed to investigate the impact of repeated acidosis challenges (ACs) and the effect of live yeast supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-1077, SC) on rumen fermentation, microbial ecosystem and inflammatory response. The experimental design involved two groups (SC, n=6; Control, n=6) of rumen fistulated wethers that were successively exposed to three ACs of 5 days each, preceded and followed by resting periods (RPs) of 23 days. AC diets consisted of 60% wheat-based concentrate and 40% hay, whereas RPs diets consisted of 20% concentrate and 80% hay. ACs induced changes in rumen fermentative parameters (pH, lactate and volatile fatty-acid concentrations and proportions) as well as in microbiota composition and diversity. The first challenge drove the fermentation pattern towards propionate. During successive challenges, rumen pH measures worsened in the control group and the fermentation profile was characterised by a higher butyrate proportion and changes in the microbiota. The first AC induced a strong release of rumen histamine and lipopolysaccharide that triggered the increase of acute-phase proteins in the plasma. This inflammatory status was maintained during all AC repetitions. Our study suggests that the response of sheep to an acidosis diet is greatly influenced by the feeding history of individuals. In live yeast-supplemented animals, the first AC was as drastic as in control sheep. However, during subsequent challenges, yeast supplementation contributed to stabilise fermentative parameters, promoted protozoal numbers and decreased lactate producing bacteria. At the systemic level, yeast helped normalising the inflammatory status of the animals.
Published: 2013
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22. In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous Leishmania Promastigote Isolates Circulating in French Guiana to a Set of Drugs

Author: Simon, Stéphane, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie, Carme, Bernard, Couppié, Pierre, Scotto, Camille Inès, Burger, Pauline, Khodjet el Khil, Mehdi, Ginouves, Marine, Prévôt, Ghislaine, Blanchet, Denis, Delprete, Piero, Fernandez, Xavier, Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de Référence Leishmania [Cayenne, Guyanne Française] (Laboratoire Associé), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Conseil Régional de la Guyane and the European Union (FEDER-Presage N° 31454), and the 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Meglumine antimoniate, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Paromomycin, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Amphotericin B, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Miltefosine, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Leishmaniasis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Leishmania braziliensis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.drug, Pentamidine
Abstract: International audience; Anti-leishmaniasis drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the general in vitro level of sensitivity of Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana and to highlight potential in vitro pentamidine-resistant isolates. This sensitivity study was conducted on 36 patient-promastigote isolates for seven drugs (amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, meglumine antimoniate, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 viability test. The IC50 values obtained were heterogeneous. One isolate exhibited high IC50 values for almost all drugs tested. Pentamidine, which is the first-line treatment in French Guiana, showed efficacy at very low doses (mean of 0.0038 μg/mL). The concordance of the in vitro pentamidine results with the patients' clinical outcomes was 94% (K = 0.82).
Published: 2016
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23. A Proof of Concept to Bridge the Gap between Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Protein Identification and Relative Quantitation: MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF

Author: Michel Hébraud, Frédéric Roche, Thierry Astruc, Christophe Chambon, Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon, Laetitia Théron, Delphine Centeno, Léonard Féasson, Didier Rémond, Jean-Claude Barthélémy, Estelle Pujos-Guillot, Daniel Béchet, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, Biologie, Ingénierie et Imagerie de la Greffe de Cornée (EA 2521, JE2521, IFR143), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Microbiologie Equipe Qualité et Sécurité des Aliments (INRA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Plateforme Exploration du Métabolisme (PFEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-MetaboHUB-Clermont, MetaboHUB-MetaboHUB, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice [CHU de Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Biologie, Ingénierie et Imagerie pour l'Ophtalmologie (BIIO), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), SECurité des ALIments et Microbiologie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale d'ingénieurs des techniques des industries agricoles et alimentaires (ENITIAA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical Biochemistry, MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, protein identification, label-free quantitation, skeletal muscle, lcsh:QR1-502, Biochemistry, Article, Mass spectrometry imaging, lcsh:Microbiology, Matrix (chemical analysis), 03 medical and health sciences, Structural Biology, spectrométrie de masse, Lc ms ms, Protein purification, Molecular Biology, neoplasms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chromatography, Laser ablation, Chemistry, muscle squelettique, digestive system diseases, quantification, Label-free quantification, 030104 developmental biology, Tissue sections, protéine, identification, Protein identification
Abstract: International audience; Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules on a tissue section. The main limitation of MALDI-MSI of proteins is the lack of direct identification. Therefore, this study focuses on a MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF workflow to link the results from MALDI-MSI with potential peak identification and label-free quantitation, using only one tissue section. At first, we studied the impact of matrix deposition and laser ablation on protein extraction from the tissue section. Then, we did a back-correlation of the m/z of the proteins detected by MALDI-MSI to those identified by label-free quantitation. This allowed us to compare the label-free quantitation of proteins obtained in LC-MS/MS with the peak intensities observed in MALDI-MSI. We managed to link identification to nine peaks observed by MALDI-MSI. The results showed that the MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF workflow (i) allowed us to study a representative muscle proteome compared to a classical bottom-up workflow; and (ii) was sparsely impacted by matrix deposition and laser ablation. This workflow, performed as a proof-of-concept, suggests that a single tissue section can be used to perform MALDI-MSI and protein extraction, identification, and relative quantitation.
Published: 2016
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24. Analyse comparée des écosystèmes digestifs du rumen de la vache et du caecum du lapin

Author: Thierry Gidenne, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Asma Zened, Laurent Cauquil, R. J. Michelland, Sylvie Combes, Moussa Kimse, Christine Julien, Corine Bayourthe, Francis Enjalbert, Annabelle Troegeler-Meynadier, Valérie Monteils, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Animal biology, rumen, Rumen, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, herbivore, communauté bactérienne, Caecum, caecum, procaryote, fermenteur, Ecosystèmes digestifs, Biologie animale, vache, lapin
Abstract: Dans cette revue nous avons synthétisé les données obtenues dans notre équipe et celles de la bibliographie afin de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’écologie des communautés bactériennes et archées des fermenteurs digestifs des mammifères herbivores. L’analyse a porté sur la comparaison des deux principales stratégies digestives rencontrées chez les mammifères herbivores actuels : un fermenteur en position proximale, le rumen, et un fermenteur en position distale, le caecum. Parmi les espèces d’intérêt agronomique, la vache et le lapin on été choisis comme animaux modèles. Après avoir rappelé les caractéristiques anatomiques et physicochimiques de ces fermenteurs digestifs, nous avons analysé les spécificités de leurs communautés procaryotiques liées à l’hôte, la variabilité individuelle, la structuration spatiale (inter- et intra- fermenteurs digestifs) et la dynamique temporelle (journalière et hebdomadaire) avec ou sans perturbation nutritionnelle induite., In this review we compiled the data obtained by our team and those found in the bibliography in order to improve understanding of the ecology of bacterial and archaeal communities of digestive fermenters from herbivorous mammals. We performed a comparative analysis of the fermenters of two animal models, the cow and rabbit, whose digestive physiologies are representative of the two major evolutionary strategies encountered in mammalian herbivores. After recalling the anatomical and physico-chemical properties of these digestive fermenters, we analyzed the specificities of their prokaryotic communities: related to the host, individual variability, spatial (inter-and intra- digestive fermenters) and temporal dynamics (daily and weekly) with or without induced nutritional perturbation.
Published: 2012
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25. Conduite et gestion des transitions alimentaires chez les oies destinées à la production de foie gras

Author: Julien Arroyo, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, A. Auvergne, J. P. Dubois, Franck Lavigne, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Association des Eleveurs de Dordogne (Asseldor)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: National audience; The feeding schedule of geese for the production of “foie gras” requires many changes of ingestion rhythms and the nature of food. The aim of this review was, after presenting the anatomy, nutritional requirements, growth and dietary behavior of the animals, to identify the causes and possible solutions needed for the overfeeding period. Indeed, in order to prepare the geese to receive a large amount of food in a short period (overfeeding period), the geese are subjected throughout their life to different feed changes and access time to feeders in order to increase their intake capacity. At each transition phase, reductions in consumption are frequently observed, which leads to a heterogeneity between batches and to reduced animal performance. The management of these transitions has to confront the behavioral and digestive adaptation capacities of the animals when they are faced with changes in sensory and physico-chemical characteristics of food: color, texture, particle size, water retention, nutrient composition, nature of starch (amylopectin / amylose). The management of these transitions consists in finding a compromise between the food preferences of animals and their preparation for the overfeeding period for “foie gras” production.; Le mode de conduite alimentaire des oies destinées à la production de foie gras nécessite de nombreux changements de rythme d’ingestion et de nature d’aliments. L’objectif de cette synthèse est, après avoir présenté l’anatomie, les besoins nutritionnels, la croissance et la conduite alimentaire, d’identifier les causes et les solutions envisageables pour affronter ces périodes sensibles. En effet, afin de préparer les oies à recevoir une forte quantité d’aliments dans une période courte (gavage), les oies sont soumises tout au long de leur vie à des changements d’aliments et de rythmes d’accès aux mangeoires afin d’augmenter leur capacité d’ingestion. Lors de chacune de ces phases de transitions, on observe fréquemment des baisses de consommation, ce qui entraine une hétérogénéité entre les lots et une réduction des performances des animaux. La gestion de ces transitions vient se confronter aux capacités d’adaptation comportementale et digestive des animaux face à des modifications des caractéristiques sensorielles et physico-chimiques des aliments : couleur, texture, taille des particules, capacité de rétention hydrique, composition nutritionnelle dont la nature de l’amidon (ratio amylopectine/amylose). La gestion de ces transitions consiste à trouver un compromis entre les préférences alimentaires des animaux et leur préparation à la période de gavage pour la production de foie gras.
Published: 2012
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26. Bacterial and fungal community composition over time in chicken litter with high or low moisture content

Author: Olivier Zemb, A Michaelsen, Richard M. Stuetz, S Wadud, Mike Manefield, G. Parcsi, Erin Gallagher, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Fungus, Biology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Food science, Water content, Relative species abundance, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Bacteria, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, 030306 microbiology, fungi, Fungi, Biodiversity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Manure, Agronomy, Litter, Animal Science and Zoology, Queensland, Chickens, Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Changes in bacterial and fungal communities in chicken litter with high and low moisture content over a five week period during a single chicken grow out cycle in a poultry shed in subtropical Australia were investigated to study the association between specific microbes and odour production. 2. Microbial biomass, as indicated by DNA yields, was higher and community composition was more dynamic over time in moist compared with dry chicken litter. 3. Bacillus, Atopostipes and Aspergillus species increased in relative abundance in moist chicken litter samples over time reflecting the relatively high fitness and hence activity of these specific bacteria and this specific fungus in this environment.
Published: 2012
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27. Influence of feeding sorghum on the growth, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese

Author: Franck Lavigne, J. Arroyo, J. P. Dubois, M. Bijja, A. Auvergne, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Association des Eleveurs de Dordogne (Asseldor)
Subjects: Male, Meat, 040301 veterinary sciences, diet presentation, Live weight, SF1-1100, Whole grains, 0403 veterinary science, Random Allocation, Animal science, Goose, biology.animal, Geese, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Gizzard, Meal, biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal culture, Agronomy, Gizzard, Avian, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Female, sorghum, Animal Science and Zoology, France, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, goose, performance
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this trial was to study the influence of feed form on the performance, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese. Between 42 and 98 days of age, 360 geese (type Maxipalm R ) were fed a diet containing 500 g sorghum/kg (nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy 12.6 MJ/kg, 15.1 g/kg CP). Birds were divided into three groups differing in feed form: complete pellets (Control group, n5120); a coarse-ground meal (CG group, n5120); or a mixture containing protein-rich pellets and sorghum whole grains (M group, n5120). Feed intake per pen (40 birds/pen) was measured weekly between 42 and 98 days of age, and individual live weight (LW) was measured every 2 weeks. At 84 and 98 days of age, 12 birds were slaughtered in each group to measure the gizzard development and body traits. Irrespective of the goose sex, LW at 98 days was lower for theCG group than for the Control group (5555 v. 5888 g, P,0.05 for males and 5039 v. 5215 g, P,0.05 for females). The feed intake over the entire period was 5.5% higher in the M group ( P,0.05) than in the Control and CG groups but the feed conversion ratio (6.91, P.0.05) was similar in the three groups. The gizzard development (as % of LW) was higher in birds of the CG group than those of the Control and M groups at 84 days of age (113.98% and 113.51%, respectively; P,0.05) but was similar in all three groups at 98 days of age (4.01%, P.0.05). The relative liver development was lower in the birds of the CG group than those of the other two groups at 84 and 98 days of age (220%, P,0.001 and 210%, P,0.05, respectively). The other body traits were similar in the three groups at both 84 and 98 days of age. The present results suggest that a simplified diet presented in the formof a mixture of sorghum whole grains and protein-rich pellets did not reduce the performance of growing geese.
Published: 2012
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28. In vitro study of dietary factors affecting the biohydrogenation shift from trans-11 to trans-10 fatty acids in the rumen of dairy cows

Author: Francis Enjalbert, Asma Zened, Annabelle Troegeler-Meynadier, Marie-Claude Nicot, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Linoleic acid, Trans fatty acids, Starch, conjugated linoleic acids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Latin square, trans fatty acid, Sunflower Oil, Food science, Incubation, Trans-10 shift, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, trans-10 shift, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Animal culture, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Alimentation et Nutrition, Female, Hydrogenation, Rumen biohydrogenation, trans fatty acids, linoleic acid, Chromatography, Gas, Rumen, food.ingredient, Silage, Biology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, rumen biohydrogenation, SF1-1100, conjugated linoleic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Animals, Plant Oils, Dry matter, 030304 developmental biology, trans-10, Sunflower oil, 0402 animal and dairy science, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Cattle, Conjugated linoleic acids, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: International audience; On the basis of the isomer-specific effects of trans fatty acids (FA) on human health, and the detrimental effect of t10,c12- conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on cows’ milk fat production, there is a need to identify factors that affect the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 pathway during ruminal biohydrogenation of FA. This experiment was conducted in vitro and aimed at separating the effects of the diet of the donor cows from those of the fermentative substrate, which is necessary to prevent this shift. A total of four dry Holstein dairy cows were used in a 434 Latin square design. They received 12 kg of dry matter per day of four diets based on maize silage during four successive periods: the control diet (22% starch, ,3% fat); the high-starch diet, supplemented with wheat plus barley (35% starch, ,3% crude fat); the sunflower oil diet, supplemented with 5% of sunflower oil (20% starch, 7.6% crude fat); and the high-starch plus oil diet (33% starch, 7.3% crude fat). Ruminal fluid of each donor cow was incubated for 5 h with four substrates having similar chemical composition to the diets, replacing sunflower oil by pure linoleic acid (LA). The efficiency of isomerisation of LA to CLA was the highest when rumen fluids from cows receiving dietary oil were incubated with added LA. The shift from trans-11 to trans-10 isomers was induced in vitro by high-starch diets and the addition of LA. Oil supplementation to the diet of the donor cows increased this shift. Conversely, the trans-10 isomer balance was always low when no LA was added to incubation cultures. These results showed that a large accumulation of trans-10 FA was only observed with an adapted microflora, as well as an addition of non-esterified LA to the incubation substrate.
Published: 2012
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29. Feed intake limitation strategies for the growing rabbit: effect on feeding behaviour, welfare, performance, digestive physiology and health: a review

Author: Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Sylvie Combes, Thierry Gidenne, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: Male, Meat, 040301 veterinary sciences, Animal feed, growth, rabbit, feed restriction strategies, Biology, Animal Welfare, Feed conversion ratio, SF1-1100, 0403 veterinary science, Animal science, Intestinal mucosa, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Animal welfare, medicine, Animals, Weaning, digestive health, Enteropathy, Compensatory growth (organism), Food science, 2. Zero hunger, 0402 animal and dairy science, Feeding Behavior, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal culture, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Rabbits, Digestion, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, feed conversion
Abstract: International audience; This review aims to present the different effects produced by a post-weaning intake limitation strategy on the growing rabbit, now largely used by French professional rabbit breeders. Although a quantitative feed restriction leads to slower growth, feed conversion (FC) is improved, particularly when the rabbits are again fed freely, as compensatory growth occurs. This better FC or the healthy rabbit is because of better digestion resulting from slower passage through the intestine, whereas the digestive physiology is slightly modified (morphometry of the intestinal mucosa, fermentation pattern, microbiota). Meat quality and carcass characteristics are not greatly affected by feed restriction, except for a lower dressing-out percentage. One of the main advantages of limiting post-weaning intake of the rabbit is to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate due to digestive disorders (particularly epizootic rabbit enteropathy syndrome). The consequences for animal welfare are debatable, as feed restriction probably leads to hunger, but it reduces the incidence of digestive troubles after weaning. However, the growing rabbit adapts very well to an intake limitation strategy, without any aggressive behaviour for congener. In conclusion, restriction strategies could improve profitability of rabbit breeding, but they should be adapted to any specific breeding situation, according to the national market, feed prices, etc.
Published: 2012
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30. Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens

Author: Laurent Cauquil, Barbara Konsak, Florence Levenez, Michel Lessire, Hervé Juin, J.F. Guillot, Sylvie Combes, Sarah Guardia, Irène Gabriel, Carole Moreau-Vauzelle, Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: Male, Litter (animal), Animal feed, Ileum, Biology, Feed conversion ratio, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Stocking, Floors and Floorcoverings, medicine, Animals, Animal Husbandry, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, Broiler, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, MICROBIOTE DIGESTIF, Animal Feed, Housing, Animal, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Biotechnology, Gastrointestinal Tract, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Chickens, Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
Abstract: Increased stocking densities are frequently reported to depress chicken growth performance, but the mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth performance and digestive microbiota, known to be sensitive to environmental factors. Chickens were reared at 2 stocking densities, 12 or 17 birds/m(2). Growth performance was recorded between d 1 and 39, and litter was scored for quality on d 25, 31, and 37. Digestive microbiota was analyzed along the digestive tract (crop, ileum, ceca) of 3- and 6-wk-old chickens by using 2 molecular approaches: a qualitative method (fingerprinting by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) and a quantitative method (real-time PCR). An increase in stocking density was found to negatively affect the feed conversion ratio (+3.1%) and depress the daily BW gain of broilers (-5.5%) during the period from d 32 to 39 (P
Published: 2011
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31. Bias in genomic predictions for populations under selection

Author: Zulma G. Vitezica, Ignacy Misztal, Ignacio Aguilar, Andres Legarra, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), University of Georgia [USA], Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux (SAGA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Quantitative Trait Loci, selection, Genome-wide association study, Best linear unbiased prediction, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, genomic, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistics, Genetics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Simulation, Selection, Genetic, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Models, Genetic, 0402 animal and dairy science, prediction, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040201 dairy & animal science, Genetics, Population, Genetic marker, relationship, Plant species, Disease risk, Genetic merit, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: SummaryPrediction of genetic merit or disease risk using genetic marker information is becoming a common practice for selection of livestock and plant species. For the successful application of genome-wide marker-assisted selection (GWMAS), genomic predictions should be accurate and unbiased. The effect of selection on bias and accuracy of genomic predictions was studied in two simulated animal populations under weak or strong selection and with several heritabilities. Prediction of genetic values was by best-linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using data either from relatives summarized in pseudodata for genotyped individuals (multiple-step method) or using all available data jointly (single-step method). The single-step method combined genomic- and pedigree-based relationship matrices. Predictions by the multiple-step method were biased. Predictions by a single-step method were less biased and more accurate but under strong selection were less accurate. When genomic relationships were shifted by a constant, the single-step method was unbiased and the most accurate. The value of that constant, which adjusts for non-random selection of genotyped individuals, can be derived analytically.
Published: 2011
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32. Using 2-DE for the differentiation of local chicken breeds

Author: Martino Cassandro, Christophe Chambon, E. Zanetti, Hervé Rémignon, Jeremy Pinguet, C. Molette, Universita di Padova, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Breeding, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Protein expression, Breast muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, Pépoi, Phylogenetics, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Genetic variation, Animals, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Statistical analysis, education, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, Genetic Variation, Proteins, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Breed, Evolutionary biology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Chickens
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to apply a proteomic approach for the characterisation of local chicken breeds. The experiment involved a total of 29 males of three local Italian chicken breeds: Pepoi, Padovana and Ermellinata di Rovigo. Sarcoplasmic protein fractions of breast muscle were analysed by 2-DE. Image analysis followed by statistical analysis enabled to differentiate groups of individuals based on the similarities of protein expression. Individuals were distinguished into clusters and groups, corresponding to the breed of origin. Distances among individuals, calculated using data on spot volumes, were used to draw a neighbour-joining tree, showing clear individual and breed grouping. The most relevant spots regarding breed differentiation were detected; 11 were identified by MS revealing preliminary evidences on the mechanisms of the breed differentiation process. The results evidenced the ability of proteomic analyses for the characterisation of chicken breeds.
Published: 2011
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33. Comparison of the archaeal community in the fermentative compartment and faeces of the cow and the rabbit

Author: Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Valérie Monteils, Thierry Gidenne, R. J. Michelland, Laurent Cauquil, Sylvie Combes, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: COMMUNAUTÉ BACTÉRIENNE, STRUCTURE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RICHNESS INDEX, Biology, DNA, Ribosomal, Microbiology, Caecum, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, INDICE DE RICHESSE, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, CÆCUM, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], RABBIT CAECUM, Cecum, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, JUS DE RUMEN, COW RUMEN, Electrophoresis, Capillary, food and beverages, Biodiversity, Compartment (chemistry), BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE, Ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, FAECES, Soft faeces, DNA, Archaeal, Infectious Diseases, Cattle, Digestive tract, Fermentation, Rabbits, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
Abstract: International audience; The archaeal community in the fermentative compartment and faeces of the cow and the rabbit were compared by analysis capillary electrophoresis single-stranded conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) profiles of 16S rRNA genes. Ruminal and faecal contents were sampled in five cows for three weeks. Hard and soft faeces were collected in 14 rabbits for three consecutive weeks and caecal contents were sampled in the third week. The archaeal community differed according to the host species (ANOSIM-R=0.53 and 0.72 respectively for the comparison of the fermentative compartments and faeces; P < 0.001) and to the location within the digestive tract of both species (ANOSIM-R = 0.37, 0.52 respectively for the cow and the rabbit; P < 0.001). In both species, the archaeal community of the digestive tract was stable over weeks and varied very little between individual animals. The structure (NS) and the richness index (9.9 +/- 2.7, 10.1 +/- 3.1 respectively, NS) of the archaeal community were similar for the caecal content and the soft faeces which permitted to use the latter as a representative indicator. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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34. Effects of varying proportions of concentrates on ruminal-reducing power and bacterial community structure in dry dairy cows fed hay-based diets

Author: C. Bonnefont, J. P. Marden, E. Auclair, Valérie Monteils, C. Bayourthe, R. Moncoulon, C. Julien, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Lesaffre International, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: ruminal redox potential, Forage, SF1-1100, 03 medical and health sciences, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rumen, hay, Latin square, Food science, CE-SSCP, Ammonia n, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, dairy cow, Diet composition, 0402 animal and dairy science, Fatty acid, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal culture, chemistry, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Hay, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: International audience; The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of diet composition on ruminal parameters, more particularly redox potential (Eh). Four Holstein dry dairy cows, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were allocated in a 434 Latin square design. They were given four experimental hay-based diets D0, D25, D42 and D56 consisting of 0%, 25%, 42% and 56% of ground wheat and barley concentrate mixture, respectively. They were fed at a daily feeding rate of 8.0 kg DM per cow during a 24-day experimental period (a 21-day diet adaptation, three consecutive days of measurement and sampling). The physicochemical parameters, such as pH and Eh, were measured and Clark’s exponent (rH) was calculated from 1 h before feeding to 8 h after feeding at 1-h interval. Samples of ruminal fluid were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding for the determination of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia N (NH3-N) concentrations. Ruminal bacterial populations were also studied by means of capillary electrophoresis singlestrand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) technique to focus on the structure of the ruminal microbiota and the diversity index was calculated. Mean ruminal Eh and rH were not modified by the concentrate-to-forage ratio and averaged – 210 mV and 6.30, respectively, across diets. The pH decreased slightly by 0.10 pH unit between treatments D0 and D56 with an average of 6.58. Nevertheless, the time during which physicochemical parameters remained at nadir value after feeding varied with diets: 2 and 7 h for D0 and 6 and 5 h for D56, respectively for pH and Eh. Moreover, fermentative parameters were altered by treatments: total VFA and NH3-N were greater in D56 (72.2mM and 17.5 mg/100 ml) compared with D0 (65.2mM and 14.2 mg/100 ml). However, neither the structure of bacterial populations of the rumen nor the diversity index (Shannon) was altered by treatments.
Published: 2010
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35. Spatial and temporal variations of the bacterial community in the bovine digestive tract

Author: Jérôme Hamelin, Valérie Monteils, Thierry Gidenne, Laurent Cauquil, R. J. Michelland, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Sylvie Combes, Asma Zened, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Rumen, Microorganism, Zoology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Benzene Derivatives, medicine, Animals, Large intestine, CE-SSCP, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, BACTERIES, PARAMETRES ENVIRONNEMENTAUX, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, biology, 030306 microbiology, Community structure, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Biodiversity, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Tract, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cattle, Propionates, Reticulum, Biotechnology
Abstract: Aims: Improved knowledge of the bacterial community of the digestive tract is required to enhance the efficiency of digestion in herbivores. This work aimed to study spatial and temporal variations of the bacterial communities in the bovine digestive tract and their correlation with gut environmental parameters. Methods and Results: Rumen content and faeces of five cows were sampled for 3 weeks. In addition, reticulum content was sampled during the third week. Bacterial communities were assessed by studying capillary electrophoresis single-stranded conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) profiles of 16S rRNA genes. The bacterial community structure differed between the forestomach and faecal contents. The abundance of several operational taxonomic units changed from week to week. Bacterial community structure of the rumen was correlated to propionic acid and NH3–N concentrations. Conclusions: The bacterial community of the bovine digestive tract varied in space and time. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study of the bacterial communities of the digestive tract in herbivores should be widened from the rumen to the large intestine. The amplitude and origin of the temporal variation of the ruminal bacterial community need to be better understood to improve the control of the fermentative activity in herbivores.
Published: 2009
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36. Prediction of the nutritional value of European compound feeds for rabbits by chemical components and in vitro analysis

Author: Thierry Gidenne, Juan José Pascual, Luisa Falcão-e-Cunha, R. Carabaño, Gerolamo Xiccato, M. J. Villamide, Luc Maertens, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Centrum voor Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Burg, Partenaires INRAE, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, and Universita di Padova
Subjects: Coefficient of determination, Nutritional value, 040301 veterinary sciences, Chemical composition, Calibration set, Value (computer science), 0403 veterinary science, In vitro analysis, Animal science, Protein digestibility, Dry matter, Animal nutrition, In vitro digestibility, 2. Zero hunger, Chromatography, Chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, VALEUR NUTRITIONNELLE, 040201 dairy & animal science, Chemical composition, In vitro digestibility, Nutritional value, Prediction, Rabbit feeds, Standard error, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Animal Science and Zoology, Prediction, Rabbit feeds
Abstract: Chemical composition and in vitro analyses were used to predict the nutritional value of 164 experimental rabbit diets evaluated in six European Laboratories under standardised conditions. The equations were mainly developed by stepwise regression analysis with over two third of the samples (111) used as calibration set. The other third (53) was used as validation set, and a study of the residues was undertaken to calculate the error of validation. Twenty three different equations have been proposed to predict the nutritional value (mainly gross energy digestibility, GEd; and digestible energy, DE) of rabbit diets, as a function of the available variables. Acid detergent fibre (ADFom) was the chemical variable most closely related to GEd and DE ( R 2 = 0.49 and 0.43, respectively, RSD = 0.033 and 0.62, for GEd and DE, respectively), but the in vitro DM digestibility (DMd inv ) predicted the energy value with greater accuracy ( R 2 = 0.7, 0.52, for GEd and DE, respectively) and lower standard error (RSD = 0.025, 0.58 for GEd and DE, respectively). The latter equations were improved ( R 2 = 0.81, 0.74 for GEd and DE, respectively) when ether extract (EE) and Lignin (sa) were included. The use of additive equations that predict the DE from the main constituents that supply energy (protein, ether extract and carbohydrates) did not increase the precision, nor decrease the validation error respect to the simplest ones. Digestible Energy was predicted with a similar accuracy and validation errors than GEd. Crude protein digestibility (CPd) was better predicted from chemical analysis (Lignin (sa), R 2 = 0.49) than for DMd inv. The further inclusion of CP slightly increased its coefficient of determination (0.53). The error of validation was relatively low (0.050 as average) and of the same magnitude than the RSD of the equations.
Published: 2009
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37. Different rates of glycolysis affect glycolytic activities and protein properties in turkey breast muscle

Author: C. Molette, Hervé Rémignon, S. Eadmusik, Xavier Fernandez, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: dinde, viande, muscle, aldolase a, Dehydrogenase, SF1-1100, actine, myosin heavy chain, 03 medical and health sciences, Myosin, Glycolysis, turkey breast muscle, gapdh, actin, glycolyse, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Actin, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Aldolase A, 0402 animal and dairy science, Science des productions animales, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Molecular biology, Enzyme assay, Animal culture, Enzyme, chemistry, protéine, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal production studies
Abstract: International audience; Protein alterations of turkey breast muscles (Pectoralis major) were investigated at 20 min and 24 h post mortem. Specific activities, quantities and kinetic parameters of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and aldolase A were also determined at 20 min post mortem. Based on the pH values at 20 min post mortem, two groups of samples were classified as rapid glycolysis group (RG; pH20 min = 5.80 ± 0.07, n = 20) and normal glycolysis group (NG; pH20 min = 6.21 ± 0.01, n = 20). RG had lower specific activities of GAPDH and aldolase A than NG while Vm and Km values of both enzymes were not different between groups. RG showed lower high ionic strength (HIS) and pellet protein extractabilities at 20 min post mortem. It also had lower low ionic strength (LIS) and HIS protein extractabilities at 24 h post mortem. Besides pellet protein, muscular protein extractabilities at 24 h post mortem were higher than at 20 min post mortem. From SDS-PAGE of samples at 24 h post mortem, RG exhibited lower band intensities at 45 and 200 kDa, which were further identified as actin and myosin heavy chain (MHC), respectively. Western blots revealed that relative amounts of actin and MHC at 20 min post mortem were not different between groups. However, RG muscles had less relative amount of actin at 24 h post mortem. It also indicated that amounts of actin and MHC increased with regard to post mortem time.
Published: 2009
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38. Feed restriction strategy in the growing rabbit. 2. Impact on digestive health, growth and carcass characteristics

Author: Thierry Gidenne, A. Feugier, S. Verdelhan, Sylvie Combes, E. Corrent, P. Arveux, C. Briens, P. Boisot, S. Montessuy, N. Jehl, H. Fortune, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], ITAVI, Innovation en Nutrition et Zootechnie (INZO), Evialis, Conseils et Compétences en Productions Animales (CCPA), Trouw Nutrition France, Partenaires INRAE, PRIMEX, TECHNA, and Cybelia [Bruz]
Subjects: growth, Biology, SF1-1100, Feed conversion ratio, 03 medical and health sciences, carcass and meat quality, Animal science, Weight loss, CROISSANCE, medicine, digestive health, Weaning, Compensatory growth (organism), Food science, Growing rabbit, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Mortality rate, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, intake management, 040201 dairy & animal science, Slaughter weight, Animal culture, young rabbit, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Animal Science and Zoology, Objective information, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; A field enquiry mentioned the potential positive impact of a feed restriction on the health of young rabbits, but no objective information relates the intake to digestive health. The effects of a post-weaning feed restriction strategy were thus studied on digestive health and growth and carcass parameters of the growing rabbit, using a monofactorial design that produces a quantitative linear reduction of the intake, from ad libitum (AL group) to 80%, 70% and 60% of AL. The study was performed simultaneously in six experimental sites, on 1984 growing rabbits (496 per treatment) collectively caged from weaning (34 to 38 days of age, depending on the site) to slaughter (68 to 72 days). The feeding programme was applied as followed: restriction during 21 days after weaning, and then ad libitum till slaughter. During the feed restriction period the growth rate was linearly reduced with the restriction level, by 0.5 g/day for each percent of intake reduction. When returning to ad libitum intake (after 54 days old) a compensatory growth and a higher feed efficiency occurred. Therefore, the impact of the feeding programme on the slaughter weight (SW) was significant (24.5 g/% of restriction), but relatively moderate: the weight loss of the more-restricted rabbits (60%) reached 7.7% (2200 g) compared to the AL group. Over the whole fattening period, the feed restriction reduced linearly and significantly the feed conversion (FC) (20.0077 unit/% of restriction). Carcass traits were little affected by the feeding programme, except for a slightly lower decrease of the dressing percentage (mean: 1.2 units between AL and the three restricted groups). On the six experimental sites, mortality and morbidity were always caused by acute digestive disorders, namely diarrhoea and/or caecal impaction. Independent of the treatment, the mortality rate strongly varied according to the site (between 7% and 18% from weaning to 54 days and for the AL group). During feed restriction, the mortality was significantly lower from a restriction threshold of 80% (meanly: 29% compared to AL). The morbidity was also significantly reduced (26%) for the two most restricted groups (70% and 60%). The favourable effect of a lower intake on health did not persist after returning to ad libitum intake (54 days to slaughter), since mortality and morbidity were not significantly different among the treatments. Such a feeding strategy thus represents a double benefit in terms of feed costs and lower losses of young rabbits.
Published: 2009
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39. Le lapereau en développement : données comportementales, alimentaires et sensorielles sur la période naissance-sevrage

Author: Raquel Monclús, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Gérard Coureaud, B. Schaal, Heiko G. Rödel, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], University of Bayreuth, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, INRA, Conseils Régionaux de Bourgogne et de Poitou- Charente et Fondation Fyssen
Subjects: Solid food, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Weaning, Zoology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Context (language use), Biology
Abstract: Synthèse du chapitre écrit par les auteurs pour le Congrès Mondial de Cuniculture (Coureaud et al 2008b); National audience; Blind and deaf at birth, rabbit newborns need, as all mammal newborns, to rapidly interact with the mother to find the nipples and suck. This usually occurs only once per day, during an interaction drastically limited in time, both in domestic and natural conditions. After days 10-15, the mother-young interactions change progressively, leading to weaning between 4 and 6 weeks. In this context of rapid development of the young, lactating rabbit females and pups have developed some sensory, physiological and behavioural adaptations allowing them to communicate, and allowing the young to ingest milk then solid food efficiently. Here, we present some of these adaptations, taking examples from experimental studies run by several groups during the last decades. This paper is a summary of a chapter and communication recently presented during the last World Rabbit Congress (Coureaud et al 2008b).; Aveugles et sourds à la naissance, les lapins nouveau-nés doivent, comme tous les mammifères nouveau-nés, interagir rapidement avec la mère afin de trouver rapidement une tétine et téter. Cela se produit généralement une seule fois par jour, au cours d’une très brève interaction, en conditions d’élevage comme en milieu naturel. Après les 10-15 j qui suivent la naissance, la relation mère-jeunes évolue progressivement, et conduit habituellement au sevrage entre 4 et 6 semaines. Dans ce contexte de développement rapide des jeunes, les femelles allaitantes et les lapereaux ont développé des adaptations sensorielles, physiologiques et comportementales leur permettant de communiquer, et permettant aux jeunes d’ingérer efficacement le lait puis les aliments solides. Ici, nous présentons quelques-unes de ces adaptations, en prenant des exemples d’études expérimentales conduites par différents groupes au cours des dernières décennies. Cet article est une synthèse du chapitre écrit par les auteurs pour le Congrès Mondial de Cuniculture (Coureaud et al 2008b).
Published: 2008
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40. Heritability of refractive value and ocular biometrics

Author: François Malecaze, Sandrine Paget, Patrick Calvas, Zulma G. Vitezica, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Biometry, Adolescent, Genetic Linkage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Locus (genetics), axial length, heritability, Eye, Refraction, Ocular, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistics, Covariate, Myopia, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], education, Ultrasonography, 030304 developmental biology, Mathematics, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Models, Genetic, refraction, genetique, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Middle Aged, Heritability, segregation, Refraction, Sensory Systems, Confidence interval, Ophthalmology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, symbols, Female, family-based cohort study, Monte Carlo Method
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this work was to analyse genetic influences on ocular refractive value and axial length using the hypothesis of a polygenic control. The genealogical records of 55 families were used in the analyses. The cohort included 723 individuals and clinical data were collected for 445 individuals with a mean age of 37.86 years. Ocular refraction was determined by standard autorefractometry. Axial length was evaluated by scan ultrasonography. Gender, age and ethnic origin were included as covariates in the statistical analyses. Using variance component analysis via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, we estimated the heritability of refractive value and axial length in the pedigree. We then performed a segregation analysis, using Loki, a (MCMC) linkage analysis program for multilocus inheritance models, examining different inheritance models with polygenic components. Polygenic control was modelled under an additive infinitesimal model (which assumes infinite loci with small effects, with additive actions) and under a finite locus model (i.e. several causal loci). The estimates of heritability were 0.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04e0.36) for refractive value and 0.20 (95% CI 0.03e0.43) for axial length. Segregation analyses suggested that ocular refraction and axial length are under a polygenic control. A finite number of genes were identified with or without a polygenic, infinitesimal component. Ocular refraction is mildly-moderately heritable in the studied population.
Published: 2008
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41. Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: II. Effect on nutrient digestion in the small intestine and in the whole digestive tract

Author: Thierry Gidenne, A. Michelan, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, M. Gallois, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]
Subjects: Starch, DIGESTIBILITY, Biology, SF1-1100, Caecum, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, FEED INTAKE, WEANING AGE, Nutrient, Fat intake, RABBIT, medicine, Weaning, Food science, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Small intestine, Animal culture, ILEAL FLOW, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Animal Science and Zoology, Digestive tract, Digestion
Abstract: International audience; The ability of young rabbits to digest a solid diet was evaluated according to the weaning age: 21 (W21, 12 litters) or 35 (W35, 12 litters) days of age. From 14 days onwards, the rabbits were fed the same pelleted feed. Three methods were compared to estimate the faecal digestibility in the young rabbits, between 24 to 28 and 38 to 42 days. Digestive balance at ileal and faecal levels was determined for the main nutrients provided by milk and solid feed. The W21 rabbits increased their solid feed intake only 2 days after their weaning, when compared with suckling rabbits. Thus their crude protein (CP) intake remained lower until 26 days compared with the W35 rabbits (from 41%, P < 0.01), as well as their crude fat intake until 28 days (from 72%, P < 0.001). On the contrary, the W35 rabbits increased their solid feed intake without a delay after weaning, quickly reaching the intake level of the W21 rabbits. The amounts of organic matter (OM) and CP reaching the caecum were increased on day 28 by 56% and 42% in the W21 rabbits compared with the W35 rabbits, respectively (P < 0.05), and were similar between groups on day 42. Starch ileal digestibility coefficients were 94.2% and 95.4% in 28- and 42-day-old rabbits, respectively, irrespective of the weaning age. The amount of starch flowing through the ileo-caecal junction was low and only tended to be higher on day 28 in the W21 group (0.20 v. 0.15 g/day in the W35 group, P = 0.10). The digestive balance pointed out that the digestible energy intake was similar between weaned and suckling rabbits from 23 to 27 days, a phenomenon partly explained by a high ability of the W21 rabbits to digest starch (98%) and NDF (36%). Indeed, the amounts of starch and NDF digested by the W21 group were 2.0- and 2.4-fold higher than those of the W35 rabbits at this period (P < 0.001). However, they ate 20% less digestible proteins than still-suckling rabbits (P < 0.001). From 38 till 42 days, only a lower ability of the W21 rabbits to digest lipids was detected (P < 0.05). In conclusion, early-weaned rabbits were able to adapt quickly to digest large amounts of starch and fibres.
Published: 2008
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42. Cross-presentation of caspase-cleaved apoptotic self antigens in HIV infection

Author: Gabriella d'Ettorre, Pisana Moroni Rawson, John Sidney, Luigi Finocchi, Marino Paroli, Alessandro Sette, Francesca Meloni, Tiziana Donato, Debora Franceschini, Vincenzo Barnaba, Melissa Videtta, Antonella Propato, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Caroline Molette, Laura Altieri, Fondazione Andrea Cesalpino, Centre of Biodiscovery, Partenaires INRAE, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], La Jolla, and Istituto Pasteur
Subjects: Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], T cell, Antigen presentation, Apoptosis, HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Epitopes, 03 medical and health sciences, Interleukin 21, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Vimentin, Cytotoxic T cell, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], IL-2 receptor, Antigen-presenting cell, Cytoskeleton, 030304 developmental biology, Antigen Presentation, 0303 health sciences, ZAP70, VIH, Dendritic Cells, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Natural killer T cell, 3. Good health, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Caspases, Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; We found that the proteome of apoptotic T cells includes prominent fragments of cellular proteins generated by caspases and that a high proportion of distinct T cell epitopes in these fragments is recognized by CD8+ T cells during HIV infection. The frequencies of effector CD8+ T cells that are specific for apoptosis-dependent epitopes correlate with the frequency of circulating apoptotic CD4+ T cells in HIV-1–infected individuals. We propose that these self-reactive effector CD8+ T cells may contribute to the systemic immune activation during chronic HIV infection. The caspase-dependent cleavage of proteins associated with apoptotic cells has a key role in the induction of self-reactive CD8+ T cell responses, as the caspase-cleaved fragments are efficiently targeted to the processing machinery and are cross-presented by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate a previously undescribed role for caspases in immunopathology.
Published: 2007
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43. Ability of physico-chemical measure-ments to discriminate rabbit meat from three different productive processes

Author: N. Jehl, Béatrice Gabinaud, Catherine Larzul, François Lebas, Laurent Cauquil, Sylvie Combes, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée (SGQA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ITAVI
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, Traceability, 0402 animal and dairy science, rearing system, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, discriminant analysis, Linear discriminant analysis, 040401 food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, meat quality, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Carcass weight, Food products, decision tree, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Statistics, Agronomy and Crop Science, Food Science, Biotechnology, Mathematics
Abstract: BACKGROUND: To fulfil consumers' requirements for food traceability, it is necessary to have effective tools to differentiate food products according to their origin. The aim of the study was to identify a limited number of physico-chemical measurements that could differentiate rabbit meat from three different rearing systems: standard production system or a high quality norm system or a very low growth breeding system. RESULTS: The stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) provided 14 physico-chemical variables, then combined into two discriminant factors. Most of them (n = 8) were related to bone traits, and especially (n = 5) to mechanical femur assessments. Mechanical characteristics of meat were also relevant in this analysis. Decision tree analysis (DTA) selected two variables only (femur stiffness, and ratio of femur weight to chilled carcass weight) to discriminate the three groups. A total of 96% and 90% of rabbits were correctly assigned to their original group according to LDA and DTA, respectively. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrated that simple physico-chemical traits recorded in carcasses and meat were efficient to discriminate rabbits from three different rearing systems using LDA or DTA procedures. These systems could have further implications for future traceability of breeding origin. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Published: 2007
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44. Exploitation des exsudats et goudrons de conifères pendant l'Antiquité et le Moyen Age : référentiel et premiers résultats archéologiques

Author: Drieu, Léa, Sacchetti, Federica, Burri, Sylvain, Rageot, Maxime, Mazuy, Arnaud, Filippi, Jean-Jacques, Fernandez, Xavier, Regert, Martine, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), ANR-10-BLAN-2009,EXSUDARCH,EXSUDats et goudrons végétaux ARCHéologiques : chimie, fabrication et utilisations(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: exsudat, conifère, époque médiévale, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, référentiel, Goudron, Exploitation, résultats, Antiquité, archéologique, résultat, Conifères
Abstract: National audience; Exploitation des exsudats et goudrons de conifères pendant l'Antiquité et le Moyen Age : référentiel et premiers résultats archéologiques
Published: 2015

45. Rates and efficiencies of reactions of ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid according to pH and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations

Author: Annabelle Troegeler-Meynadier, Francis Enjalbert, Lydie Bret-Bennis, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE)
Subjects: Embryology, Biohydrogenation, Medicine (miscellaneous), Vaccenic acid, Efficiency, chemistry.chemical_compound, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, RUMINANT, Biochemistry, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Hydrogenation, Stearic acid, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Rumen, EFFICIENCY, Linolenic acid, Biochimie, Linoleic acid, In Vitro Techniques, Linoleic Acid, RATE, 03 medical and health sciences, Isomerism, In vivo, Reactions, Animals, BIOHYDROGENATION, 030304 developmental biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, Fatty acid, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, CLA, equipment and supplies, 040201 dairy & animal science, Rate, Kinetics, Reproductive Medicine, chemistry, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, REACTIONS, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Food Science
Abstract: Beug dans la version Publisher...; International audience; Data from a previous study about the effects of pH and of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) concentrations on C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation in ruminal cultures were used to calculate the rates and efficiencies of the three reactions of C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation (isomerisation of C18:2n-6 to CLA; reduction of CLA to trans-octadecenoic acids; reduction of trans-octadecenoic acids to stearic acid). First, low pH was confirmed to inhibit isomerisation and was shown to inhibit the second reduction, leading to an accumulation of vaccenic acid. This later effect had only been observed in some in vivo studies using high concentrate diets, because in in vitro experiments, the very low pH frequently used depresses isomerisation which consequently generates very low amount of substrates for reductions whose variations become difficult to ascertain. Second, C18:2n-6 at high concentration was confirmed to saturate its own isomerisation and the increase of CLA production due to high initial C18:2n-6 was shown to inhibit the two subsequent reductions. Third, C18:3n-3 at high concentrations was confirmed to inhibit C18:2n-6 isomerisation. Moreover, the second reduction was shown to be saturated, probably by all trans-octadecenoic acids intermediates of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation, leading to an accumulation of trans-octadecenoic acids, especially vaccenic acid. This fatty acid is partly desaturated into CLA in the mammary gland, which explains the synergy between C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 for milk CLA noticed by others in vivo. This approach helped explain the actions of pH and of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 concentrations on C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation and allows some explanations about differences noticed between studies.
Published: 2006
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46. Effects of substitution of soybean meal-alfalfa-maize by a combination of field bean or pea with hard wheat bran on digestion and growth performance in rabbits in Algeria

Author: Thierry Gidenne, G. Lounaouci-Ouyed, M. Berchiche, Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou] (UMMTO), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 040301 veterinary sciences, digestibilité, Growth performance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soybean meal, Rabbit, Biology, performance de croissance, Feed conversion ratio, digestibility, field bean, growth performance, pea, rabbit, slaughter traits, 0403 veterinary science, Field bean, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Protein digestibility, Weaning, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], lapin, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Slaughter traits, Methionine, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Bran, féverole, 0402 animal and dairy science, Pea, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, chemistry, Agronomy, pois, White population, Digestibility, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, Digestion
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the trial was to study the effects of replacement of a soybean meal-alfalfa-maize based diet by a mixture of field bean (g/kg as fed: 257 crude protein [CP], 139 neutral detergent fibre [NDF]) or pea (g/kg as fed: 203 CP, 122 NDF) combined with hard wheat bran (g/kg as fed: 140 OF, 396 NDF) and without supplementation of synthetic DL-methionine, on diet digestibility, growth and slaughter traits of growing rabbits. Three diets were formulated: a control diet mainly consisting of 15% of soybean meal, alfalfa and maize (SBM15 diet; g/kg as fed: 161 CP and 267 NDF) and 2 experimental diets based on 26% of field bean (FB26 diet; g/kg as fed: 167 CP and 250 NDF) or 30% of pea (P30 diet; g/kg as fed: 167 CP and 255 NDF) as main protein source, and completed with hard wheat bran (34 and 40%, respectively for FB26 and P30 diets) partly replacing alfalfa and maize. Diets were distributed ad libitum to 3 groups of 40 mixed-sex growing rabbits of Algerian white population, placed in collective cages (4 rabbits/cage) from weaning (28 d, mean weight: 614 +/- 112 g) until 77 d of age (slaughter). Faecal digestibility was measured between 42 and 46 d of age in 7 rabbits/group. Gross energy and crude protein digestibility coefficients were similar for SBM15 and FB26 diets (78.6 and 86.4%, respectively) and lower for P30 diet (75.1 and 83.6%, respectively; P
Published: 2014
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47. Effect of chemical form, heating and oxidation products of linoleic acid on rumen bacterial population and activities of biohydrogenating enzymes

Author: Yves Farizon, Annabelle Troegeler-Meynadier, A. Kaleem, Francis Enjalbert, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: linoleic acid, Lipid Peroxides, Linoleic acid, Hot Temperature, Rumen, Trans fatty acids, Stereochemistry, Nonanal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rumen biohydrogenation, Hexanal, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isomerism, Lipid oxidation, lipid oxidation, Biologie animale, Genetics, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Food science, Incubation, Triglycerides, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aldehydes, 0303 health sciences, Degree of unsaturation, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Body Fluids, Alimentation et Nutrition, Animal Science and Zoology, Hydrogenation, Lipid Peroxidation, Rumen biohydrogenation, Oxidation-Reduction, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, trans fatty acids, Food Science, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; Heating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) produces oxidation products, such as hydroperoxides, aldehydes, and oxypolymers, which could be responsible at least in part for modification of PUFA rumen biohydrogenation (BH). Three in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of linoleic acid (cis-9,cis-12-C18:2) oxidation products on BH. In the first experiment, we studied the effects of free linoleic acid (FLA), heated FLA (HFLA, at 150°C for 6 h), triacylglycerols of linoleic acid (TGLA), heated TGLA (HTGLA, at 150°C for 6 h), 13-hydroperoxide (13HPOD), trans-2-decenal (T2D), and hexanal (HEX) on BH in vitro after 6 and 24 h of incubation. In the second experiment, aldehydes differing in chain length and degree of unsaturation [pentanal, HEX, heptanal, nonanal, T2D, trans-2,trans-4-decadienal (T2T4D)] were incubated in vitro for 5 h in rumen fluid. In the third experiment, 9-hydroperoxide (9HPOD), 13HPOD, HEX, or T2T4D were incubated for 1 h in rumen fluid inactivated with chloramphenicol to investigate their effects on enzyme activity. In experiment 1, heat treatment of TGLA generated TGLA oxypolymers, did not affect cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 disappearance, but did decrease BH intermediates, especially trans-11 isomers. Heating FLA decreased cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 disappearance and cis-9,trans-11-CLA and trans-11-C18:1 production. Treatment with HEX and T2D did not affect cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 disappearance and barely affected production of BH intermediates. The bacterial community was affected by 13HPOD compared with FLA and HFLA, in parallel with an increase in trans-10 isomer production after a 6-h incubation. After 24 h of incubation, 13HPOD decreased trans-11 isomer production, but to a lesser extent than HFLA. In experiment 2, some weak but significant effects were observed on BH, unrelated to chain length or degree of unsaturation of aldehydes; the bacterial community was not affected. In experiment 3, 9HPOD inhibited Δ9-isomerization, and both 9HPOD and 13HPOD inhibited Δ12-isomerization. We concluded that oxypolymers did not affect cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 disappearance. Heating both esterified and free cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 greatly altered Δ12-isomerization. Aldehydes had few effects. Hydroperoxides are responsible, at least in part, for the effects of fat heating: 13HPOD increased trans-10 isomer production (probably by affecting the bacterial community) and decreased trans-11 isomer production by inhibiting Δ12-isomerase activity, whereas 9HPOD inhibited both isomerases.
Published: 2014
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48. Les palmipèdes

Author: Guy, Gerard, Baéza, Elisabeth, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2014

49. Overfeeding and genetics affect the composition of intestinal microbiota in Anas platyrhynchos (Pekin) and Cairina moschata (Muscovy) ducks

Author: Sylvie Combes, Florian Vasai, Stéphane Davail, Karine Ricaud, Laurent Cauquil, Marie Dominique Bernadet, Olivier Bouchez, IUT des Pays de l'Adour (IUT), Institut universitaire de Technologie Mont-de-Marsan, Palmipèdes à Foie Gras (UEPFG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Conseil General des Landes, and 'Comite Interprofessionnel des Palmipedes a Foie Gras' (CIFOG)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Bacteroidia, Genotype, Firmicutes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ileum, Biology, digestive system, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Clostridia, 03 medical and health sciences, Cecum, Animal science, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Clostridiaceae, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, duck microbial diversity, ileum, ceca, overfeeding, genotype, 454 pyrosequencing, Bacteria, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, Microbiota, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidetes, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Ducks, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure
Abstract: International audience; To investigate the effect of overfeeding on the ileal and cecal microbiota of two genotypes of ducks (Pekin and Muscovy), high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used. The ducks were overfed for 12days with 58% maize flour and 42% maize grain. Samples were collected before the overfeeding period (at 12weeks), at 13weeks, at 14weeks, and 3h after feeding. In parallel, ducks fed ad libitum were killed at the same ages. Whatever the digestive segment, the genotype, and the level of intake, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of ducks (at least 80%). Before overfeeding, ileal samples were dominated by Bacilli, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia classes (70%), and cecal samples, by Bacteroidia and Clostridia classes (around 90%) in both Pekin and Muscovy ducks. The richness and diversity decreased in the ileum and increased in the ceca after overfeeding. Overfeeding triggers major changes in the ileum, whereas the ceca are less affected. Overfeeding increased the relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Enterococcaceae families in the ileum, whereas genotype affects particularly three families: Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae in the ceca.
Published: 2014
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50. Characterizing organic micro-residues by non- or micro-destructive methods: new trends in mass spectrometry (DART TOF) combined with organic analysis

Author: Rageot, Maxime, Fernandez, Xavier, Filippi, Jean-Jacques, Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic, Le, Anne-Solenn, Pêche-Quilichini, Kewin, Delhon, Claire, Regert, Martine, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), GRENES, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: DART TOF, trends, Characterizing, combined, micro-residues, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, analysis, organic, with, TOF, non, Archaeometry, spectrometry, organic residues, methods, mass, DART, micro-destructive, human activities, mass spectrometry
Abstract: Characterizing organic micro-residues by non- or micro-destructive methods: new trends in mass spectrometry (DART TOF) combined with organic analysis
Published: 2014

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