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An efficient system was developed for indirect plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf and internode explants of Hoya wightii ssp. palniensis. Maximum percentage of the organogenic callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/l) and 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l). The best shoot bud induction was observed on MS medium with BA (1.0 mg/l) +IBA (0.5 mg/l). The coconut water (15%) was better, resulting in a differentiation of the shoot initials in to well-developed shoots. The elongated shoots (› 3cm long) were rooted on a full strength MS basal medium, supplemented with 0.2 mg/l of IBA. Finally, the rooted plants were transferred to the soil with 80% success rate. This protocol was utilized for the in vitro propagation of this endangered plant species.

In 1988 we reported two sisters with bilateral exudative retinopathy of Coats' type, sparse hair, dystrophic nails and primeval splashes of intracranial calcification. We now provide an update on this family documenting the occurrence of skeletal defects comprising abnormal bone marrow, osteopenia and sclerosis with a tendency to fractures, a mixed cerebellar and extrapyramidal movement disorder, infrequent epileptic seizures, leucodystrophic changes and post-natal growth failure. Additionally, we present two previously unreported individuals from Ireland and Switzerland with the identical disorder which is characteristerised by a unique pattern and distribution of brain calcification. Since our original publication a number of other authors have described, frequently as a new' syndrome, cases with a variable combination of the same features observed in our patients. We review this literature to further characterise the Tolmie-Browne-McGettrick-Stephenson syndrome which may include pancytopenia as a major finding and encompass cases previously described by Revesz, Gouti_res, Sazgar and possibly Labrune. Tolmie-Browne-McGettrick-Stephenson syndrome is likely an autosomal recessive progressive microangiopathy. The possible phenotypic overlap with dyskeratosis congenita might provide a clue to the molecular aetiology of this multisystem disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review is to comparatively evaluate the Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwashes efficacies in decreasing plaque formation and gingivitis in children. With a priori-set inclusion and exclusion criteria's and relevant MeSH terms, the PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid SP were scrutinized from the year 1980 to April 2023 for prospective articles. Outcomes evaluated were plaque formation and gingivitis through Plaque index and Gingival index. Five studies were finally included and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Meta-analysis, was performed using a random effects model. Plaque index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI). There was no significant difference between reduction in the gingivitis and plaque accumulation between Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwash groups in children ( p value 0.83, 0.96)., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Odontomas have been described as a dental abnormality that develops due to the overgrowth of certain components of the dental lamina, which eventually leads to the formation of a poorly structured calcified mass. The occurrence has been attributed to local trauma, infection, congenital defects, odontoblastic hyperactivity, or changes in the genetic material. Clinically, odontomas are largely asymptomatic and are diagnosed during routine examinations and procedures. However, they might frequently be associated with delayed eruption, impacted teeth, or missing teeth, warranting early diagnosis and management. This current paper describes the localization and management of a compound odontoma associated with multiple odontogenic abnormalities diagnosed in a 10-year-old girl. Eventually, surgical excision was planned and performed, and the defect was packed with PRF to promote healing and regeneration of the large defect., How to Cite This Article: Budia S, Rathi N, Patil L, et al. Compound Odontoma Associated with Multiple Odontogenic Abnormalities in the Mandible of a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):945-950., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient’s parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success of NeoPUTTY® and Biodentine™ as indirect pulp treatment (IPT) materials in primary molars., Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on children aged 5-9 years. Class I carious lesions in primary molars indicated for IPT were divided into two groups-group I, NeoPUTTY®, and group II, Biodentine™. IPC was performed as per the standard protocols. The treated teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success, along with the presence of a dentinal bridge at 6 and 12 months, by three blind examiners independently. All the data were tabulated, and statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test., Results: Interexaminer reliability was analyzed using Fleiss κ statistics, and it showed "good" agreement. Clinical success was 100% in both groups at 6- and 12-month follow-up, while radiographic success was also 100% at 6-month follow-up for both groups. However, at 12-month follow-up, it was 93.33% for group I and 100% for group II. The difference was statistically nonsignificant. The presence of a dentinal bridge at 12-month follow-up was seen in 86.66% of cases in group I and 100% of cases in group II, but there was no statistical difference observed between them with a p -value of 0.555., Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that NeoPUTTY® and Biodentine™ are equally effective as IPT agents in primary teeth., How to Cite This Article: Kothari P, Mathur A, Tirupathi S, et al. Comparative Clinical and Radiographic Success Rate of Bioceramic Premix vs Biosilicate-based Medicament as Indirect Pulp Treatment Materials in Primary Molars: A Double-blind Randomized Trial with a Follow-up of 12 Months. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):748-753., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing in the field of pediatric dentistry is an augmented reality that has several clinical implications and advantages. The aim of this current short communication and technical note is to discuss the possibility of various shortcomings of the current intraoral scanning and 3D printing and the various limitations a clinician can face., How to Cite This Article: Tirupathi S, Rathi N. Factors Influencing the Fit and Retention of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing-based Three-dimensional Printed Band and Loop Space Maintainers. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(6):734-735., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Aim: The in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Elettaria cardamomum (0.5%) mouthwash, Camellia sinensis (0.5%) mouthwash, and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash against Streptococcus mutans., Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples of the five mouthwash preparations were prepared to check for their antimicrobial efficacy. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. mutans was measured as a diameter in mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mouthwash preparations was measured as μg/mL. All the groups were compared statistically using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test., Results: The highest ZOI was observed in group V chlorhexidine gluconate [mean: 20.8, standard deviation (SD): 0.58], followed by group III C. sinensis (alcohol-free) (mean: 15.5, SD: 0.67), group IV C. sinensis (alcohol-based) (mean: 14.08, SD: 0.66), and group II E. cardamomum (alcohol-based) (mean: 13.2, SD: 0.45). The least ZOI was observed in group I E. cardamomum (alcohol-free) (mean: 10.7, SD: 0.45). This difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.01). The MIC was similar in all the groups ( p = 0.13)., Conclusion: Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% mouthwash showed the best antimicrobial action; however, C. sinensis mouthwash showed potential against S. mutans. E. cardamomum mouthwash exhibited limited antimicrobial activity., How to Cite This Article: Deolikar S, Jawdekar A, Saraf T, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Elettaria cardamomum (0.5%) Mouthwash, Camellia sinensis (0.5%) Mouthwash, and 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(4):461-466., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Competing Interests: Conflict of interestNil.

Abstract: The current scoping review's objective was to outline existing applications, recent breakthroughs, and quantum dots' applicability in imaging of oral squamous cell cancer. Quantum dots are nanometric semiconductor crystals with customizable optical characteristics and intense, stable fluorescence suited for bioimaging and labeling. We used the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations for conducting our systematic search. An analysis of the properties and applications of quantum dots in noninvasive detection of oral squamous cell cancer is presented in this study, which comprehensively explores the available evidence. Following searches in the databases PubMed, Ovid SP, and Cochrane using the search terms quantum dots AND oral squamous cell cancer, 55 published publications were chosen for this review. The review identified a total of eight papers that met the criteria. In noninvasive detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma, quantum dots have the potential to offer an array of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Furthermore, quantum dots emit near-infrared and visible light, which is advantageous in biological imaging since it reduces light dispersion and absorption of tissue. The future may see quantum dots become a popular noninvasive imaging technique for oral squamous cell cancer. The number of studies accessible is quite limited, and further research is required., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)

Aim: The aim of this current case series is to propose various design modifications of the conventional distal shoe space maintainers in relation to complex clinical scenarios., Background: Primary dentition plays a significant role in preserving space for underlying unerupted permanent teeth; early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and developed countries, and it is often left untreated. Its consequences can have an immediate and long-term impact on the child's quality of life and overall health. Premature loss of primary dentition can result in loss of arch length, thereby hampering the eruption of the succeedaneous tooth, which can further lead to malalignment, crowding, rotation, and impaction of the permanent teeth. Space maintainers are advocated in cases where extraction of primary molars is inevitable. In the early loss of the second primary molar, a distal-shoe space maintainer is advocated to guide the eruption, as well as prevent mesial migration of the first permanent molar (FPM) during the eruption. In clinical scenarios where multiple losses of deciduous molars occur bilaterally, obtaining adequate anchorage is questionable and futile. The following clinical modifications, however, are useful in overcoming the problems related to the same. The following case series intends to project various modifications of distal shoes in complex scenarios., Case Description: Various modifications of the distal shoe have been proposed in our current case series. The appliances were adjusted individually on a case-to-case basis depending on the clinical scenario. A 1-year clinical follow-up was carried out on all the patients., Conclusion: All the clinical modifications were successful in guiding the eruption of a FPM; there were no complications during any follow-up visit., Clinical Significance: In cases where the traditional design is not indicated, certain modifications in distal shoes by adding new components to the appliance will allow the appliance to be placed and the space to be maintained effectively. Along with this, reinforcement of parents and the child for oral hygiene maintenance will maintain the remaining healthy tooth structure and increase the success of treatment., How to Cite This Article: Gunjal PY, Chauhan RS, Tirupathi S, et al. Guidance of Erupting First Permanent Molar in Complex Clinical Scenarios: A Case Series. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):362-367., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a very common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system in children below 16 years of age. Joint inflammation and tissue destruction is the prime characteristic of the disease. Along with the systemic involvement in the long joints, several studies are mentioning the increased association of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in JIA. This current systematic review intends to find the prevalence rate of TMD in JIA-affected individuals as compared to healthy controls., Methods: We have searched in PubMed, Scopus and Ovid SP for articles published between the timeframe 1 January 1990 and 1 June 2023. All the searched articles were subjected to the Population, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome model (PECO) based on which inclusion or exclusion is carried out. Participants (P) are children below 18 years of age, Exposure (E) is children or adolescents with a diagnosis of JIA, Comparator is age and gender-matched healthy controls who has no JIA or any systemic disorder, Outcome (O) is the prevalence of TMD. Only the studies that evaluated TMD using diagnostic criteria for evaluation of TMD (DC/TMD) were included in the analysis. We have set the exclusion to the following reasons- diagnostic sensitivity studies, case reports, and systematic reviews. The software Review Manager Version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used to perform the pooled analysis. We measured the risk ratio (RR) between the two groups (JIA and no JIA) for the outcome TMD., Results: The pooled total included subjects were 366 in this review with an established diagnosis of JIA as evaluated by DC/TMD. The overall effect of the pooled data suggests that there is a significant difference in the TMD prevalence in the JIA group when compared to the control, results suggest that TMD is more prevalent in the JIA group RR 3.86; 95% CI [2.59, 5.76]., Conclusion: Overall, based on the data we can suggest a positive relationship between JIA and TMD, hence presence of JIA can be a risk factor for the development of TMD. The sensitivity of DC/TMD is low when compared to magnetic resonance imaging., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: The primary intent of this scientific research is to effectively assess and collate the inherent potentiality of the two selected investigative composite materials in effectual maintenance of their standard color following subsequent and consistent submersion in customary available pediatric liquids consumed by children. The above investigation will be effectively estimated using the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairege (CIE) L*a*b* system-based spectrophotometer., Materials and Methods: A total of 100 composites of spheroidal plates were fabricated accordingly. A total of 50 nanohybrids and microhybrids of 8 × 2 mm were fabricated and timely cured using a light cure unit for an approximated time period of 40 seconds. This was then trialled by subsequent sample submersion in the specified five immersive media, which include mineral water, tea, Mirinda, pomegranate juice, and iron syrup, respectively, for a definitive and habitual time of thrice daily up to 15 minutes for a duration of 28 experimental days. The respective marked readings were recorded on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days by utilization of a CIE L*a*b* system-based spectrophotometer., Results: Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman's Test were utilized for statistical evaluation of the above-described experimental research. The p -value was statistically found to be significant at ( p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The conclusive findings from the above-defined experimental research were that iron syrup was found to cause the most noticeable and definitive staining in comparison to other immersive media. Nanohybrid composite restorative material was hence identified as being highly resistant to staining and possessing an undeniable ability to maintain the persistent color, unlike its microhybrid counterpart., Clinical Significance: The esthetic appearance is an important factor for both the parents and children; hence, this determines that the longevity of color stability of restorative materials is of valid significance., How to Cite This Article: Thribhuvanan L, MS S, Gopalakrishnan A, et al. Comparative Spectrophotometric Assessment of Color Stability of Two Hybrid Composite Materials in an Oral Environment when Exposed to Various Liquids. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(2):176-183., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Aim: This current study evaluated and compared the skeletal changes in the head of the condyle, glenoid fossa, and articular space between the twin block appliance and PowerScope™ a fixed functional appliance., Materials and Methods: This study was a pilot, randomized, single-blinded, assessing the skeletal changes in the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study was conducted in 20 subjects in the age range of 11-14 years with class II division 1 malocclusion. These subjects were distributed randomly between two groups with an allocation ratio of 1:1 (group I-twin block and group I-PowerScope™). Follow-ups of both groups were done till desirable skeletal correction was attained (clinical edge-to-edge incisor relation)., Results: Condylar parameters such as position, height, and length were evaluated bilaterally in the CBCT scans. After using both devices, there was an increase in all condylar qualities; however, the twin block appliance showed a more noticeable difference, which has been determined to be statistically significant. In the twin block group, there was an average decrease of 0.56 mm in the anterior articular space and an increase of 1.2 and 2.64 mm in the middle and posterior articular spaces, respectively. In the PowerScope™ group, there was an average decrease of 0.23 mm in the anterior articular space and an increase of 2.55 and 1.85 mm in the middle and posterior articular spaces, respectively. In the case of the twin block device, the change in glenoid fossa angle was observed to be 6.1 mm on both sides and a mean difference of 1.25 mm on the right-side and 1.75 mm on the left-side was observed in the case of PowerScope™. The difference was established to be significant with a p < 0.05 in all cases., Conclusion: Condylar attributes increased after the application of both devices but the difference was more pronounced in the case of twin block appliances. The difference in articular space (middle and posterior) between the twin block group and PowerScope™ group, was not significant statistically. In the present study, the remodeling in the glenoid fossa was greater in the twin block group compared to the PowerScope™ group., How to Cite This Article: Halapanavar B, MN P, Deshmukh S, et al. Comparison of Skeletal Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint between the Twin Block Appliance and Fixed Functional Appliance: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):7-14., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Background: Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are needed, especially to overcome uncertainties around its use in older and heavier children. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of OA in patients with SMA type 1 in the UK, including patients ≥2 years old and weighing ≥13.5 kg., Methods: This observational cohort study used data from patients with genetically confirmed SMA type 1 treated with OA between May 2021 and January 2023, at 6 infusion centres in the United Kingdom. Functional outcomes were assessed using age-appropriate functional scales. Safety analyses included review of liver function, platelet count, cardiac assessments, and steroid requirements., Findings: Ninety-nine patients (45 SMA therapy-naïve) were treated with OA (median age at infusion: 10 [range, 0.6-89] months; median weight: 7.86 [range, 3.2-20.2] kg; duration of follow-up: 3-22 months). After OA infusion, mean ± SD change in CHOP-INTEND score was 11.0 ± 10.3 with increased score in 66/78 patients (84.6%); patients aged <6 months had a 13.9 points higher gain in CHOP-INTEND score than patients ≥2 years (95% CI, 6.8-21.0; P  < 0.001). Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia (71/99 patients; 71.7%), asymptomatic troponin-I elevation (30/89 patients; 33.7%) and transaminitis (87/99 patients; 87.9%) were reported. No thrombotic microangiopathy was observed. Median steroid treatment duration was 97 (range, 28-548) days with dose doubled in 35/99 patients (35.4%). There were 22.5-fold increased odds of having a transaminase peak >100 U/L (95% CI, 2.3-223.7; P  = 0.008) and 21.2-fold increased odds of steroid doubling, as per treatment protocol (95% CI, 2.2-209.2; P  = 0.009) in patients weighing ≥13.5 kg versus <8.5 kg. Weight at infusion was positively correlated with steroid treatment duration (r = 0.43; P  < 0.001). Worsening transaminitis, despite doubling of oral prednisolone, led to treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone in 5 children. Steroid-sparing immunosuppressants were used in 5 children to enable steroid weaning. Two deaths apparently unrelated to OA were reported., Interpretation: OA led to functional improvements and was well tolerated with no persistent clinical complications, including in older and heavier patients., Funding: Novartis Innovative Therapies AG provided a grant for independent medical writing services., Competing Interests: Vasantha Gowda has participated in scientific advisory boards, scientific symposia and teaching initiatives for Biogen, Roche, Novartis, Wave Life Sciences, PTC therapeutics and Pfizer, received honoraria from Neurology Academy, Roche, Novartis and has been involved as principal investigator with PTC therapeutics, Wave Life Sciences and Catabasis. Mark Atherton has received conference sponsorship from Novartis. Jennie Sheehan has participated in advisory boards for Roche, received conference sponsorships from Roche and Biogen and honoraria from Novartis. Mariacristina Scoto has been involved as principal investigator in clinical trials from Roche, Biogen and Novartis and has participated in Scientific Advisory boards and teaching initiatives for Roche, Novartis and Biogen. Giovanni Baranello has been involved as principal investigator of clinical trials sponsored by Roche, Novartis, Sarepta, Pfizer, NS Pharma, Reveragen, Scholar Rock, and has received speaker and/or consulting fees from Sarepta, PTC Therapeutics, Pfizer, Biogen, Novartis Gene Therapies, Inc. (AveXis), and Roche, and grants from Sarepta, Roche and Novartis Gene Therapies. Archana Murugan has received conference sponsorship from Roche. Anil Dhawan has participated in advisory boards for Novartis, BitBio, Aspect Bio, Astellas. Michael Eyre is supported by Action Medical Research and the British Paediatric Neurology Association. Laurent Servais reports participation in advisory boards and scientific symposia from Biogen, Roche, Novartis, Scholar Rock and BioHaven and grants from the aforementioned and Zentech, Perkin Almers. Francesco Muntoni reports participation in advisory boards and scientific symposia from Biogen, Roche and Novartis and funding from Biogen and Roche for the SMA REACH National database. Min Ong has participated in advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche & CSL Behring and has received conference sponsorship from Roche and speaker fees from Biogen, and honorarium from Neurology Academy. Imelda Hughes has received honoraria from Santhera, Roche, PTC Therapeutics, Sarepta, Biogen and Novartis, conference sponsorships from PTC Therapeutics, Novartis and Biogen. Heinz Jungbluth has participated in advisory board activities for Pfizer, Astellas, Audentes and Armgo. Elizabeth Wraige has undertaken consultancy work for Novartis. Maria Vanegas has received conference sponsorship from Novartis and meeting sponsorship from SMA Europe. Sandya Tirupathi has received conference sponsorships from Novartis and PTC. Marjorie Illingworth has received conference sponsorships from Roche and Biogen. Adnan Manzur received honorarium and meeting sponsorship from Pi Healthcare. Sarah D’Urso has received conference sponsorship from Biogen. Tracey Willis has received honorarium and conference sponsorship from Novartis. Sinead Warner has received conference sponsorship from Novartis and consultancy fees from Roche. No other disclosures were reported., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: Haemophilia A, B and von Willebrand disease are the most common bleeding disorders. There is an increased tendency of spontaneous bleeding into joints resulting in intra-articular infection. It is believed that Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) can be affected in a similar manner which can further lead to limited mouth opening and ankylosis. The association between bleeding disorders (BD) and development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is poorly understood. This systematic review intends to evaluate the association of TMD in individuals with inherited bleeding disorders as compared to healthy controls., Methods: PubMed, Ovid SP and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between the times of inception to 1 May 2023. All the articles were subjected to Population, Exposure, Comparison and Outcome model (PECO) based on which inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Participants (P) is children, adults or adolescents; Exposure (E) is children, adults or adolescents with a diagnosis of Haemophilia or bleeding disorder (BD); Comparator (C) is age and gender-matched healthy controls who do not have Haemophilia or bleeding disorder; Outcome (O) is prevalence of any signs or symptoms (clinical, radiographic) that is suggestive of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Studies showing the prevalence of TMD are included for qualitative analysis. Only the studies which provided data of the prevalence of TMD in both the groups (BD and healthy controls) were included in the quantitative analysis. TMD diagnosis can be by clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic criteria, Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) or any other imaging criteria (MRI). We have set the exclusion criteria as articles without a control group, diagnostic sensitivity studies, case reports and systematic reviews and narrative reviews. The software Review Manager version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used to perform the pooled analysis. We measured the risk ratio (RR) between the two groups (BD and healthy controls) for the outcome TMD., Results: A total of seven studies are included for qualitative analysis of data. The age of the population (BD and control) in the included studies ranged between 2 and 57 years. The prevalence of TMD in individual studies varied from 2% to 77%, and controls in the individual studies varied from 2% to 14%. Among the included studies, only clinical signs, symptoms and history were taken into consideration in four studies. Four studies were included for meta-analysis, the pooled result of the four studies suggests there is no significant difference in the prevalence of TMD in BD and control group (p value = .11, RR 2.19; 95% CI [0.84, 5.73])., Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis elicits no association between bleeding disorders and increased prevalence of TMD., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This current clinical technique describes the case report regarding single-visit fabrication, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and delivery of space maintainers in two children with severe attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder., How to Cite This Article: Rathi N, Tirupathi, Sawarkar S. Three-dimensional Printed Esthetic Innovative Space Maintainer for Children with ADHD: Short Communication. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):908-910., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).)

Background: Dental anxiety is a matter of serious concern to pediatric dentists as it may impede the efficient delivery of dental care. If not adequately resolved, a persistent negative response pattern may emerge. Thaumaturgy, commonly known as magic trick, has become popular recently. It is a tool that distracts and relaxes the child by using magic trick while the dentist performs necessary treatment. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Thaumaturgic aid in alleviation of anxiety in 4-6 - year-old children during administration of local anesthesia using the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique., Methods: Thirty children aged between 4-6 years with dental anxiety requiring IANB were included in this study. Patients were divided equally into two groups: Group I, thaumaturgic aid group and Group II, conventional non-pharmacological group using randomization. Anxiety was measured before and after using the intervention with Raghavendra Madhuri Sujata-Pictorial scale (RMS-PS), Venham's anxiety rating scale, and pulse rate. All the data were tabulated and compared using statistical analysis., Results: Children in thaumaturgy group (Group- I) exhibited significantly lower anxiety during IANB in comparison with children in the conventional group (Group- II) and the difference was statistically significant., Conclusion: Magic tricks are effective in reducing anxiety among young children during IANB; Moreover, it expands the arsenal of behavior guidance techniques for treatment of children with anxiety and plays an important role in shaping the behavior of a child in pediatric dentistry., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.)

Competing Interests: Conflict of interestAll authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Introduction/aims: Risdiplam is the newest available treatment for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is little information on its use in adults. We present the clinical experience of adults with SMA treated with risdiplam through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) in Northern Ireland., Methods: All adults with Type 2 SMA attending the regional neuromuscular clinic were offered risdiplam treatment. Patients had assessments of respiratory function, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Quality of Life Measure for People with Slowly Progressive and Genetic Neuromuscular Disease (QOLM), and Egen Klassifikation 2 (EK2) every 3 mo and the Revised Upper Limb Module for SMA (RULM) at baseline and 6 mo. All assessments other than the RULM were carried out virtually., Results: Six of seven patients who were offered risdiplam consented to treatment through the EAMS (five female, one male, mean age 33.7 y). It was generally well tolerated other than skin photosensitivity in all patients. All patients remained on therapy at 9 mo. All reported meaningful improvements in overall strength, sense of wellbeing, and speech quality. There was no change in respiratory function, daytime hypersomnolence, or upper limb function (all p > .05). There was improvement in the QOLM (p = .027) and EK2 (p = .009)., Discussion: Our study raises hopes that risdiplam may be efficacious in adults; however, more systematic studies in larger cohorts are needed before drawing any definitive conclusions. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of virtual assessments., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Topical anesthetics are routinely used in dental practice for various purposes. They are usually available at higher dosages and have serious potential adverse reactions, such as seizures, anaphylaxis, and acquired methemoglobinemia. To date, the scope of application of herbal plants and their extracts, which have medicinal properties, has been elaborated in the field of dentistry. The growing interest in herbal medication can be attributed to the increased safety profile of herbal agents, in contrast to synthetic preparations that have a higher risk of systemic complications. Herbal preparations can induce topical anesthesia with minimal side effects. Recently, many studies have reported the use of topical herbal preparations. The current review aimed to evaluate data from various articles comparing the capacity of herbal topical anesthetic formulations and conventional synthetic anesthetics in reducing pain perception when used as local anesthesia before dental procedures., Competing Interests: DECLARATION OF INTEREST: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.)

Objectives: To determine the initial fluoride (F) release and rerelease after recharge of three pediatric dental restorative materials when aged in artificial saliva (M1) and deionized water (M2)., Materials and Methods: A total of 30 disks, 10 disks of each restorative material R1: Jen Rainbow, Jen Dent Ukraine; R2: Tetric® N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, and R3: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Fuji II LC- GC Corporation) were fabricated and were tested for F dynamics in two different media, M1: artificial saliva, M2: deionized water group. The F initial release was measured on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th day, and on the 31st day, acidulated phosphate F (APF) gel was applied and F rerelease was measured on the 31st, 37th, 44th, 51st, and 60th day using F ion-specific electrode (Orion). The result was statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test., Results: Fluoride (F) ion release was significantly higher in deionized water than in artificial saliva (M1), and F ion rerelease (after recharge) was significantly higher in artificial saliva (M1). Fuji-II LC demonstrated a significantly ( p < 0.05) higher F release and rerelease among all the tested materials. Among the tested composites, R2: Tetric® N-Flow exhibited significantly higher F dynamics than R1: Jen Rainbow composite., Conclusion: All the tested restorative materials exhibited optimum F release (0.024 ppm, that is, the range to prevent newer carious lesions) in both the pre and postrecharge conditions. Even though Fuji-II LC demonstrated significantly better F dynamics in the tested scenarios, Tetric® N-Flow has the additional advantage of improved mechanical retentive and esthetic properties along with the optimum F release in pre and postrecharge scenarios., How to Cite This Article: Mathias MR, Rathi N, Bendgude VD, et al. Comparative Fluoride Ion Release Pre and Postrecharge Situations among Three Different Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):729-735., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Topical anesthetics are very important tools for improving comfort in any dental procedure in children. different methods, techniques of achieving topical anesthesia are reported in the literature. The present narrative review focuses on explaining different types of topical anesthesia with a special focus on pediatric dentistry. How to cite this article: Tirupathi S, Rajasekhar S. Topical Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: An Update. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):240-245., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

The wide availability of near infrared light sources in interventional medical imaging stacks enables non-invasive quantification of perfusion by using fluorescent dyes, typically Indocyanine Green (ICG). Due to their often leaky and chaotic vasculatures, intravenously administered ICG perfuses through cancerous tissues differently. We investigate here how a few characteristic values derived from the time series of fluorescence can be used in simple machine learning algorithms to distinguish benign lesions from cancers. These features capture the initial uptake of ICG in the colon, its peak fluorescence, and its early wash-out. By using simple, explainable algorithms we demonstrate, in clinical cases, that sensitivity (specificity) rates of over 95% (95%) for cancer classification can be achieved., (©2021 AMIA - All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe age and time at key stages in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) prediagnosis pathway at selected centres to identify opportunities for service improvement., Design: A multicentre retrospective national audit., Setting: Nine tertiary neuromuscular centres across the UK and Ireland. A prior single-centre UK audit of 20 patients with no DMD family history provided benchmark criteria., Patients: Patients with a definitive diagnosis of DMD documented within 3 years prior to December 2018 (n=122)., Main Outcome Measures: Mean age (months) at four key stages in the DMD diagnostic pathway and mean time (months) of presentational and diagnostic delay, and time from first reported symptoms to definitive diagnosis. Type of symptoms was also recorded., Results: Overall, mean age at definitive diagnosis, age at first engagement with healthcare professional (HCP) and age at first reported symptoms were 53.9±29.7, 49.9±28.9 and 36.4±26.8 months, respectively. The presentational delay and time to diagnosis were 21.1 (±21.1) and 4.6 (±7.9) months, respectively. The mean time from first reported symptoms to definitive diagnosis was 24.2±20.9. The percentages of patients with motor and/or non-motor symptoms recorded were 88% (n=106/121) and 47% (n=57/121), respectively., Conclusions: Majority of data mirrored the benchmark audit. However, while the time to diagnosis was shorter, a presentational delay was observed. Failure to recognise early symptoms of DMD could be a contributing factor and represents an unmet need in the diagnosis pathway. Methods determining how to improve this need to be explored., Competing Interests: Competing interests: VLG has received grants from Biogen, PTC Therapeutics, Wave Life Sciences and Catabasis; MF has nothing to disclose; MP has received a grant from PTC Therapeutics; AMC has received fees from PTC Therapeutics in relation to contributions to advisory boards, invited lectures and a presentation; IH has nothing to declare; ST has received conference sponsorship; CGELDG has received grants from PTC Therapeutics; DOR has nothing to declare; DP has nothing to declare; TW has received honorariums for lectures and advisory boards from PTC therapeutics, Biogen, Genzyme Sanofi, Roche, Sarepta and Santhera; SS is an employee of OPEN VIE; ID is employed by PTC Therapeutics., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Mutations in the sarcomeric protein titin, encoded by TTN, are emerging as a common cause of myopathies. The diagnosis of a TTN-related myopathy is, however, often not straightforward due to clinico-pathological overlap with other myopathies and the prevalence of TTN variants in control populations. Here, we present a combined clinico-pathological, genetic and biophysical approach to the diagnosis of TTN-related myopathies and the pathogenicity ascertainment of TTN missense variants. We identified 30 patients with a primary TTN-related congenital myopathy (CM) and two truncating variants, or one truncating and one missense TTN variant, or homozygous for one TTN missense variant. We found that TTN-related myopathies show considerable overlap with other myopathies but are strongly suggested by a combination of certain clinico-pathological features. Presentation was typically at birth with the clinical course characterized by variable progression of weakness, contractures, scoliosis and respiratory symptoms but sparing of extraocular muscles. Cardiac involvement depended on the variant position. Our biophysical analyses demonstrated that missense mutations associated with CMs are strongly destabilizing and exert their effect when expressed on a truncating background or in homozygosity. We hypothesise that destabilizing TTN missense mutations phenocopy truncating variants and are a key pathogenic feature of recessive titinopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.