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People move for various purposes and lengths of time. Temporary mobilities across borders have become increasingly important but are difficult to observe. In considering temporary population mobilities between Estonia and Finland, the present focus is on the volumes of temporary mobility, characteristics of visits, visitor types, temporal rhythms, distribution of visits to destinations, and their contribution to the emergence of a cross-border region. By making use of passive mobile positioning data (CDR, DDR), it is shown that mobility between Estonia and Finland is frequent, but the durations and temporal rhythms relate to different purposes in different directions. While most visitors are tourists (94% from Estonia to Finland and 99% from Finland to Estonia), regular cross-border travellers (i.e. transnationals) make up 5% of the visitors from Estonia to Finland. Intensive cross-border mobility, relating to regular visitors who spend time in both countries, contributes to the development of a cross-border region between the two countries. Mobile positioning data are of value for measuring and understanding the different types of visitor flows in cross-border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how technological innovation serves as an enabling factor to innovation in tourism management. The motivation of this paper is related to the question of how to innovate destination marketing as a tool to manage long-term customer relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use mobile positioning-based research methods to measure visitors' behaviour. This provides new data for the detection and measurement of destination loyalty that could be used as valuable input to improve destination marketing strategy and develop new services. Findings – The use of mobile positioning helps to improve the quality of data about tourism flows in Estonia. The authors were able to observe and measure the duration, timing, density, seasonality and dynamics of visitations. Further, it allowed also to distinguish repeat visitors. The rich dataset provided by passive mobile positioning (PMP) allowed the implementation of the proposed, more detailed, classification of segments of repeat visitors and the identification of not loyal, somewhat loyal, loyal, very loyal, functionally loyal and forced to be loyal visitors. This analysis made it possible to reveal transit, long-term, one-day and other specific visitors among repeat visitors. Originality/value – The theoretical novelty of the paper consists in the creation of the innovation model of the destination marketing of the country and providing the new approach of segmentation of repeat visitors. Empirical novelty is the use of PMP in studying repeat visitations for destination marketing. The paper offers new ways for governments to shape service policies and allows tourism industry firms to offer new services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the sport and cultural events to generate destination loyalty and repeat visitations. Passive mobile positioning (PMP) method will be used to analyse the behaviour of tourists during two years after 15 different events. The findings of the study revealed that some events are very useful for the states and generate large amounts of repeat visitations. The results presented in this paper could be used by Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and by Enterprise Estonia developing the Estonian tourism policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities and limits of the passive mobile positioning (PMP) method in studying loyalty of tourists on the macro level. The repeat visitors were identified using database of call activities of roaming phones in Estonia since 25.04.2005 till 31.01.2009. For this purpose was developed model which selected repeat visits on the basis of time interval. The findings of the study revealed that it is possible to observe the duration, density, seasonality and dynamics of repeat visitations. In addition the local destinations and events most loved by repeat visitors and the trajectory they are using could be also identified. Another important finding revealed that repeat visitors stay longer in destination than first time visitors. The results presented in this paper could be used by Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and by Enterprise Estonia developing the Estonian tourism policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]