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33. Determination of natural pyrethrins by liquid chromatography-electron ionisation-mass spectrometry

Author

Cappiello, A, Tirillini, B, Famiglini, G, Trufelli, H, Termopoli, V, Flender, C, Cappiello, A, Tirillini, B, Famiglini, G, Trufelli, H, Termopoli, V, and Flender, C

Abstract

Introduction Pyrethrum extract is a mixture of six insecticidal compounds from the flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium L. Since they only have low to moderate mammalian toxicity they can be used as natural insecticides in agriculture or to develop low cost and safe dermatological formulations. Because of the thermal instability of pyrethrins, analytical methods based on liquid chromatography (LC) are preferred over those based on gas chromatography (GC). A few applications using LC with mass spectrometry detection are presented in the literature. Current protocols for their characterisation by LC rely on the use of less sophisticated detectors such as UV detection. Objective To develop the first liquid chromatography-electron ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-EI-MS) method for pyrethrins detection and quantitation in pyrethrum extracts. Methodology A commercial pyrethrum extract and various samples of flower heads from C. cinerariaefolium L. were investigated using reversed-phase nano-liquid chromatography coupled to direct electron ionisation-mass spectrometry (nanoLC-direct EI-MS). The eluted compounds were identified through searches of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library, exploiting the direct EI capability to produce high quality EI mass spectra. Results The method demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) range: 0.04-0.38 mg/g), linearity (R 2 range: 0.9740-0.9983) and precision (RSD% range: 4-13%) for the quantitation of the natural pyrethrins in extracts from C. cinerariaefolium L. Conclusion The nanoLC-direct EI-MS technique can be a useful tool for the detection of pyrethrins.

Published
2012

45. Identification and bioactivity of the growth inhibitors in Tuber spp. methanolic extracts.

Author

Angelini, P., Tirillini, B., Properzi, A., Rol, C., and Venanzoni, R.

Subjects
*TRUFFLES, *ALLELOPATHIC agents, *ALLELOCHEMICALS, *BIOLOGICAL assay, *FREE fatty acids, *LINOLEIC acid, *FRUIT extracts
Abstract

The methanolic extracts of fresh fruiting bodies ofTuber melanosporum,T. aestivum,T. magnatumandT. borchiiwere evaluated for their free fatty acids (FFAs) content to test their contribution to truffle allelopathic activity. Linoleic acid was the major FFA detected in all truffle species. In addition to linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid were the other abundant FFAs in theTuberspp. extracts. Looking at the total production,T. melanosporumandT. aestivumsynthesized significantly higher amounts of all identified FFA thanT. magnatumandT. borchii.The allelopathic activity, based on the specific activity (EC50) of the identified compounds, was evaluated in the growth ofArabidopsis thaliana,Lotus corniculatus,Melica ciliataandSilene vulgaris. Linoleic acid had the lowest specific activity and palmitic acid had the highest. The black truffle extracts had a higher inhibitory activity than white truffles, and this could be explained by the high relative amount of FFAs in them. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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