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Abstract Erectile dysfunction(ED), a prevalent condition within the male genitourinary system, significantly impairs the quality of life for affected men. Although certain inflammatory indicators, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII), have been linked to ED, the correlation with other markers and their impact on survival outcomes in ED patients remain largely unexplored. This research aims to investigate the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers derived from a complete blood cell count(CBC) and the occurrence of ED. Data regarding ED were extracted from the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), and mortality events were ascertained through the National Death Index up to December 2019. The CBC-derived inflammatory indicators assessed in this study included the NLR, derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(dNLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR), neutrophil-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (NMLR), SIRI, and SII. The prognostic significance of these CBC-derived inflammatory indicators was evaluated using random survival forests(RSF) analysis. Our study encompassed a cohort of 3,639 individuals, among whom 1,031 were diagnosed with ED. Among individuals with ED, 610 experienced all-cause mortality. Following adjustment for all confounding variables, it was observed that elevated levels of NLR(OR = 1.09, 95%CI 1.00–1.19, p = 0.021), MLR (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.18–7.50, p = 0.01), NMLR(OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.11, p = 0.006), and SIRI(OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22, p = 0.017) were associated with an increased prevalence of ED. Among participants with ED, those in the highest quartile of NLR(HR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11, p = 0.032), MLR(HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.33–3.01, p

Abstract Metal‐organic frameworks recently have been burgeoning and used as precursors to obtain various metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although rarely studied, Mn–N–C is a promising catalyst for ORR due to its weak Fenton reaction activity and strong graphitization catalysis. Here, we developed a facile strategy for anchoring the atomically dispersed nitrogen‐coordinated single Mn sites on carbon nanosheets (MnNCS) from an Mn‐hexamine coordination framework. The atomically dispersed Mn–N4 sites were dispersed on ultrathin carbon nanosheets with a hierarchically porous structure. The optimized MnNCS displayed an excellent ORR performance in half‐cells (0.89 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in base and 0.76 V vs. RHE in acid in half‐wave potential) and Zn–air batteries (233 mW cm−2 in peak power density), along with significantly enhanced stability. Density functional theory calculations further corroborated that the Mn–N4–C12 site has favorable adsorption of *OH as the rate‐determining step. These findings demonstrate that the metal‐hexamine coordination framework can be used as a model system for the rational design of highly active atomic metal catalysts for energy applications.

Studies have shown that consuming aquatic products is the primary pathway for human uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This study collected seven types of aquatic products eaten in Guangzhou City. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to investigate eight PBDE congeners to analyze their concentration, distribution, and potential risk. The concentration of PBDEs in aquatic products ranged from 1.92 to 91.11 ng/g lw, with BDE–209, BDE–99, and BDE–154 as the predominant PBDE congeners. Moreover, the concentrations and congener profiles of these contaminants vary in aquatic products. The highest accumulation level was found in shrimp and clams, primarily attributed to dietary habits, metabolic capacity, and accumulation of xenobiotics. According to the dietary questionnaire, the total consumption of aquatic animals was 82.64 g/day, with a significant non-carcinogenic risk to consumers in Guangzhou at higher levels of consumption (HI ≥ 1). Therefore, the maximum allowable daily consumption of grass carp, crucian carp, tilapia, Japanese seaperch, shrimp, clam and crab is 33.33, 55.00, 67.50, 44.44, 41.67, and 51.67 g/day, corresponding to daily intake frequencies of 5, 8, 10, 6, 6, 7, and 5 times/month, respectively. Our results could provide reasonable dietary advice for humans.

Abstract With the rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible electronic devices (FEDs), the demand for flexible energy storage/conversion devices (ESCDs) has also increased. Rechargeable flexible metal‐air batteries (MABs) are expected to be one of the most ideal ESCDs due to their high theoretical energy density, cost advantage, and strong deformation adaptability. With the improvement of the device design, material assemblies, and manufacturing technology, the research on the electrochemical performance of flexible MABs has made significant progress. However, achieving the high mechanical flexibility, high safety, and wearable comfortability required by FEDs while maintaining the high performance of flexible MABs are still a daunting challenge. In this review, flexible Zn‐air and Li‐air batteries are mainly exemplified to describe the most recent progress and challenges of flexible MABs. We start with an overview of the structure and configuration of the flexible MABs and discuss their impact on battery performance and function. Then it focuses on the research progress of flexible metal anodes, gel polymer electrolytes, and air cathodes. Finally, the main challenges and future research perspectives involving flexible MABs for FEDs are proposed.

The spatial-temporal heterogeneity of landscape ecological security has been carried out for the Zhong County in this work based on the framework of “functionality-organization-stability” using the multidate Landsat TM image of 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 as the basic data. During the research period, landscape ecological security situation in Zhong County indicates a trend of deteriorating. The high ecological security zone was constantly shifting to the low ecological security zone from 2000 to 2018. The ratios were 13.40%, 61.32%, 28.34%, and 13.33%. The low ecological security area in research area focuses on the northeast part and middle part, while the high-security area focuses on Yangtze river way and its both sides and Northwest. The main obstacle factor of landscape ecological security transfers into stability from functionality. Therefore it suggests to optimize land use pattern in landscape planning and construction in the future in order to raise the landscape ecological security level.

Background Anastomotic leakage remains one of the most common serious complications after rectal cancer surgery. How to predict its occurrence and prevent it remains largely elusive. Objective This study aimed to identify the risk factors of anastomotic leakage and construct a nomogram for predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. Methods The data of 406 patients with rectal cancer after gastrointestinal surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2011 to May 2020 were collected (243 in the training set and 163 in the testing set). Logistic regression was applied to determine the risk factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage of rectal cancer, and a nomogram prediction model was thus established. Predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative bowel obstruction (odds ratio [OR] = 12.846, 95% confidence interval CI [1.441–114.54], p = 0.022) and early first defecation after surgery (OR = 0.501, 95% CI [0.31–0.812], p = 0.005) were independent risk factors, which could be used to develop a nomogram to predict the occurrence of anastomotic leakage accurately. The evaluation of the prediction model shows that the C-index value of the model was 0.955, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training set was 0.820, and the testing set was 0.747, whereas the optimal cut-off point based on the nomogram score was 174.6. Conclusion This nomogram had a good prediction ability for postoperative anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. It can provide a reference for perioperative treatment and the selection of surgical methods to promote individualized and accurate treatment.

New catalysts satisfying simultaneously pollutant-removing and energy-saving have great potential in numerous environmental applications. To develop catalysts effective in decomposing organic dye pollutants under the energy-saving conditions of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO), herein we synthesized a new ZrGeO4 catalyst. The catalytic performance of the ZrGeO4 sample is superior to the previous CeGeO4 and ZrHIO6·4H2O analogues in degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB). After being recycled for 3 times in the degradation experiments, the ZrGeO4 catalyst did not undergo obvious loss in activity and change in chemical composition. The main active species for the dye degradation over ZrGeO4 were also investigated.

In order to explore the characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in the atmosphere of Wanzhou, a small mountainous city in Chongqing, four representative seasonal PM2.5 samples and gaseous precursors (SO2 and NO2) were collected from April 2016 to January 2017. The WSIIs (including Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) were analyzed by ion chromatography. During the sampling period, daily PM2.5 concentration varied from 3.47 to 156.30 μg·m−3, with an average value of 33.38 μg·m−3, which was lower than the second-level annual limit of NAAQS-China. WSIIs accounted for 55.6% of PM2.5, and 83.1% of them were secondary inorganic ions (SNA, including SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+). The seasonal variations of PM2.5 and WSIIs were similar, with the minimum in summer and the maximum in winter. PM2.5 samples were the most alkaline in summer, weakly alkaline in spring and winter, and close to neutral in fall. The annual average ratio of NO3−/SO42− was 0.54, indicating predominant stationary sources for SNA in Wanzhou. NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+ mainly existed in the form of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the major sources of WSIIs in Wanzhou were the mixture of secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, automobile exhaust (49.53%), dust (23.16%), and agriculture activities (9.68%). The results of the backward trajectory analysis showed that aerosol pollution in Wanzhou was mainly caused by local emissions. The enhanced formation of SNA through homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions contributed to the winter PM2.5 pollution event in Wanzhou.

Based on China’s “carbon neutrality” strategy, this study explores the relationship between land-use/cover change and temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem carbon storage in urban agglomerations. Using the Plus-InVEST model, the projected spatial patterns of land use in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration in 2030 under natural development and ecological protection scenarios were simulated and predicted, and the characteristics of carbon storage, together with its spatio-temporal dynamics, were evaluated under two scenarios. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, forests, water areas, construction areas, and unused land continued to increase, while the area of cropland and grassland decreased continuously. During the last 20 years, carbon storage in urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend, with an overall increase of 24.490 × 106 t. (2) Compared with the natural development scenario, forest land, grassland, and water area in 2030 under the ecological protection scenario exhibits a substantial change; the area of construction land is limited; and an ecological spatial effect is reflected. (3) Compared to 2020, carbon storage under natural development and ecological protection scenarios decreased by 50.001 × 106 t and 49.753 × 106 t in 2030, respectively. The stability of carbon storage under the ecological conservation scenario was significantly higher than that under the natural development scenario. Therefore, under the ecological protection scenario, as a result of the coordinated land use of Chengdu-Chongqing, the functions of various regions can be coordinated and carbon storage losses can be mitigated.

The accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area is potentially harmful to the water environment. In order to reveal whether nitrogen (N) deposition is a potential driving factor for the migration and transformation of HMs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb), a simulated N deposition experiment was performed on the soil in the WFLZ of the TGR. The results showed that the accumulative release amounts of HMs increased with the increase of N deposition. It was found that the Elovich equation, double-constant equation, and parabolic diffusion equation could well describe the release process of Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, while the double-constant equation, parabolic diffusion equation, and first-order equation could be applicable for Pb. The exchangeable fractions of HMs increased to varying degrees after the N deposition treatment, wherein Ni was most significant, indicating that N deposition could increase the ecological risk of HM pollution in the TGR area. The results provide insight into the major factors affecting the release of different HMs under N deposition in this vulnerable region ecologically.

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured in daily PM2.5 samples collected over four non-consecutive months representing four seasons from 2016 to 2017 in a small city in the east of Sichuan Basin. The average concentrations of OC and EC during the study periods were observed to be 15.5 ± 13.5 and 5.2 ± 4.7 μg∙m−3, respectively, both with the highest in winter. The OC and EC correlated well in fall and winter, implying that OC and EC were attributed to common emission sources. The estimated secondary OC (SOC) represented 37.2%, 46.7%, 26.9%, and 40.7% of the OC in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The highest concentration of SOC was found in winter, while the proportion of SOC/OC was highest in summer. Strong correlations were observed between OC vs. K+ and EC vs. K+ in fall and winter, suggesting that biomass burning was a significant source of carbonaceous aerosols. Four sources of OC and EC were resolved by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, including coal combustion (5.5% and 12.1%), building and road dust (19.7% and 18.1%), biomass burning (38.7% and 33.1%), and vehicle emission (36.1% and 36.7%), respectively. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis signified that the main source areas of OC and EC were distributed in or nearby Wanzhou.

Node importance is a key factor affecting the overall operation efficiency of a railway freight transportation network (RFTN) that can be measured with the indicators of Hub and PageRank. Based on complex network theory and the national railway cargo exchange data of China’s provinces, this study constructs an RFTN model with the 31 provinces as the nodes and measures the values of Hub and PageRank for the 31 provinces. Then, the time evolution law of the importance of the provincial nodes is analyzed comprehensively, and, using a regression model, the influencing factors of the importance of the provincial nodes are identified. The results show the following. (1) The uneven distribution of natural resources will affect the spatial changes in the importance of RFTN nodes. The Hub values tended to cluster around the average, and the economic structure of the output-oriented provinces improved as a whole. At the same time, the PageRank values of many provinces in the central and western regions significantly increased, and those provinces exhibited more frequent exchanges of goods with other provinces and closer economic ties with other regions. (2) The traffic fixed asset investments and the population density have the most obvious influences on the importance of the provincial nodes with a positive effect. In contrast, the railway freight concentration (RFC) coefficient, geographical location (longitude and latitude), and coastal region all have negative effects on the importance of provincial nodes. The results of this study provide scientific decision-making support for the reasonable establishment and distribution of RFTN hubs in China.