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Purpose Exploring the status and related factors of postoperative recurrence of ovarian endometriosis. Methods This study analyzed the results of questionnaires conducted in 27 hospitals across the country from January 2019 to November 2021. All women were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group to analyze the recurrence rate and related factors after ovarian endometriosis surgery. Results The recurrence rates of ovarian endometriosis within 1 year, 1–2 years, 2–3 years, 3–4 years, 4–5 years and more than 5 years were 6.27%, 35.85%, 55.38%, 65.00% and 56.82%, respectively. Significant differences were found between two groups in terms of age at surgery (OR: 0.342, 95%CI: 0.244–0.481, P P P P = 0.021). The age at surgery (OR: 0.358, 95%CI: 0.253–0.506, P P = 0.033) and presence of adenomyosis (OR: 1.799, 95%CI: 1.275–2.537, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with endometrioma recurrence in multivariate analysis. No significant associations were found between the recurrence rate and body mass index (BMI), educational background, age of menarche, gravida, parity, uterine leiomyoma, endometrial polyps or postoperative use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). Conclusions Dysmenorrhea and presence of adenomyosis are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of ovarian endometriosis, and older age is an independent protective factor for postoperative recurrence.

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has potential to improve thermal efficiency for gasoline engine due to the similar formation of mixture between HCCI and traditional spark ignition mode. High reactivity fuel combined with gasoline is used to achieve HCCI combustion with a relative low compression ratio. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) is a kind of low-carbon fuels with unique molecule structure, which is beneficial for carbon neutral. The intermediate products of PODE are different from those of long-chain alkane such as n-heptane and diesel. In this paper, the difference in spark-assisted HCCI (SA-HCCI) combustion combined with spark ignition and EGR between PODE/gasoline and n-heptane/gasoline under different operating conditions were investigated. The results illustrated that PODE/gasoline was more suitable for SA-HCCI combustion due to the positive relation between thermal efficiency and gasoline percentage, which can significantly improve the thermal efficiency while suppressing knock. Although the cetane number of PODE is greater than the n-heptane, the SA-HCCI combustion was more violent fueled with n-heptane/gasoline than that of PODE/gasoline. Low NOx and PM emissions are achieved for SA-HCCI combustion especially for PODE/gasoline. The advancing spark timing reduced the incomplete combustion and shortened the combustion duration, thus reducing the THC and CO emissions, especially fueled with PODE/gasoline. Although a low EGR rate can slightly improve the THC and CO emissions, violent combustion can be significantly improved. In general, high efficiency and low emissions could be achieved by PODE/gasoline and spark ignition combined with EGR. The brake thermal efficiency for SA-HCCI combustion fueled with PODE/gasoline increased by 30% compared with DISI mode under the same loads.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggest that the inflammatory response plays a vital role in regulatingsevere CVT pathogenesis. However, whether CVT patients can benefit from anti-inflammatory therapy has been debated. This study explored the potential efficacy and safety of steroid combined with anticoagulant therapy in acute/subacute severe CVT patients. Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with acute/subacute severe CVT treated with a short-term application of steroid or not from a prospective stroke registry of our center. We compared functional outcomes and major adverse events at 6 months follow-up after discharge using the propensity score matching method(PSM). Results: A total of 248 acute/subacute severe CVT patients were eligible for this study. After PSM, there were 85 patients in the steroid group and 85 in the nonsteroid group. Compared with the nonsteroid group, the steroid group had a higher likelihood ofmRS(0-2)(85.88% versus 75.29%, P=0.03) and a lower likelihood of residual headache(19.28% versus 47.50%, P=0.01) at 6 months follow-up after discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis shows steroid treatment(OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.63-13.48, P=0.01) was associated with the favorite outcome in the matched cohort. Regarding steroid safety, the likelihood of CVT recurrence, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection and mortality did not differ significantly(P＞0.05) between the steroid and nonsteroid groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that short-term use of steroid might be an effective and safe adjuvant therapy for acute/subacute severe CVT under standard anticoagulant treatment. However, the findings need to be further verified using prospective research.

In order to understand the soot formation in Diesel engine, a turbulent jet flame is used to simulate the combustion in the cylinder. The experimental study is performed to investigate the evolution of soot morphology for the maturation of nascent particle in a turbulent lifted jet flame fueled by n-heptane/toluene mixtures. An ultrasonic atomizer is used to evenly spread the fuel droplets to acquire single primary particles. Transmission electron microscopy is used to study the morphology of the particle sampled from the flame at different heights. Small soot aggregates are acquired from all the samples. Particle maturation such as agglomeration is accelerated under a high temperature by comparing the particle morphology sampled on the centerline and the wings of the flame. The precursors of nascent particles are depicted as dark nucleation dispersed to semitransparent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The nanostructure of nascent particles transforms from an amorphous state to an onion structure with the maturation of particles. Surface growth initially dominates the maturation of nascent particles in the direction of outside to inside for single particles. Agglomeration begins to emerge with the increased probability of collision at the end of maturation. Surface growth and agglomeration increase the mean particle diameter as the flame height increases. The oxidability of particles that undergo surface growth and agglomeration notably increases. The structure of nascent particles is inclined to be ordered and the mean particle diameter decreases with oxidation dominating the combustion reaction.

An applicable cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) model is imperative for exploring its pathophysiology. We established a novel severe CVST model using semi-ligation, ferric chloride, and thrombin.A total of 138 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into semi-ligation (n = 75) and non-semi-ligation (n = 63) groups. A sham group (n = 46) was also included. We compared short-term and long-term neurological and cognitive dysfunction, mortality rates, thrombus load, venous infarction volume, the blood-brain barrier permeability, brain water content, and microglia activation among the three groups.Thrombi involving multiple venous sinuses appeared in all semi-ligation rats within 2 days postoperatively. Compared with the non-semi-ligation group, short-term and long-term neurological dysfunction were more severe (p 0.05), and thrombus weight, venous infarction volumes, and microglia activation were more significant (p 0.05) in the semi-ligation group. Further, the cognitive function of the semi-ligation group significantly decreased (p 0.05) on postoperative day 21. Cumulative mortality rates between the semi-ligation and non-semi-ligation groups did not differ significantly.Semi-ligation combined with ferric chloride and thrombin can produce a severe CVST model with multiple venous sinus involvement, which is suitable for short- and long-term neurological and cognitive dysfunction assessment.

Object detection in remote sensing imagery usually suffers from inaccurate target localization and bounding box regression uncertainty, mainly due to the varying sizes of objects and the complexity of the background. Most detectors address these challenges by adding various feature extraction modules, which increases the size and computational burden of the network. In this article, we propose a more accurate and faster detector named AFDet, which is composed of two parts: a backbone pretrained on ImageNet and a head that includes a center prediction branch (CPB), semantic supervision branch (SSB), and boundary estimation branch (BEB). CPB produces a keypoint heatmap using an elliptical Gaussian kernel to adapt to the ground truth with a large aspect ratio. SSB, which is used only during training, extracts extra keypoint features from boundary and interior points rather than only from the center point, thereby improving the quality of object localization. BEB predicts the distributions of the bounding box in four directions, which is further supervised by the focus loss, and the gather loss raises the box prediction accuracy. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of AFDet, we conduct extensive experiments on three widely used optical remote sensing object detection datasets, i.e., NWPU VHR-10, DIOR, and HRRSD, for which AFDet achieves state-of-the-art results.

The correlation between fatty acids (FAs) and depression is not yet conclusive. This study examined the relationship of FAs composition with the presence and clinical characteristics of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression.A total of 139 first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression and 55 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the cross-sectional study. The levels of erythrocyte membrane FAs were compared and then the correlation between clinical symptoms and fatty acid levels in depression was investigated.Compared to HCs, patients with depression had higher C18:1n9t (z = -2.033, p = 0.042), C20:4n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035), C20:3n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (z = -2.127, p = 0.033), whereas the levels of C18:1n9c (z = -3.348, p = 0.001) were significantly lower. Higher C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C18:1n9t and n-6 PUFAs levels were associated with higher severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression, and the correlation remained after adjusting for the related confounding factors (p 0.05).Patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression show abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Trans fatty acids (TFAs) and n-6 PUFAs levels are closely related to clinical characteristics of depression. This study indicated that increased n-6 PUFAs and TFAs are characteristic changes of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.

Background: At present, there is still no definite conclusion on whether advanced gastric cancer requires additional para-aortic nodes dissection (PAND). The purpose of this study is an attempt to provide significant data to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: The literature was searched using the terms of gastric cancer, para-aortic lymphadenectomy and D2+ lymphadenectomy and D3 lymphadenectomy. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and China Biology Medicine disc. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis.Results: In total, 20 studies were included, consisting of 6 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 14 non-randomized controlled trials (nRCT). These studies involved 5643 patients. The meta-analysis showed the following results: (1) compared with group D2 (D2 lymphadenectomy), the operating time in group D2+ (D2+ lymphadenectomy) was longer [mean difference (MD)=99.45 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) (48.93, 149.97), PPP=0.22] and post-operative mortality [RR=0.96, 95%CI (0.59, 1.57), P=0.88] between the two groups; (3) the rate of post-operative complication in group D2+ was higher than that in group D2 [RR=1.42, 95%CI (1.11, 1.81), PConclusions: It is noteworthy that the combination of perioperative chemotherapy and D2+ surgery, particularly D2+ PAND, shows some survival advantages for specific patients. Although prophylactic D2+ surgery is not recommended as it increases postoperative complications and does not improve long-term survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Smart hydrogel actuators with programmable anisotropic structures present fascinating prospects considering their distinctive shape transformation and controllable environmental responsiveness under external stimuli. However, the design of anisotropic hydrogels with simple and universal fabrication and programmable functionality is challenging for their valuable applications in smart actuators and soft robots. Herein, a simple, green, and devisable strategy is proposed to construct a heterogeneous porous hydrogel system by the different liquid diffusion (such as amyl alcohol, water, and ethanol) into a monomeric precursor solution of thermosensitive hydrogels. The well‐defined micro/nanoporous gradient and patterned structures related to selective liquid stratification and interfacial diffusion favor the fast response and accurate programmable deformation of hydrogels under temperature stimuli. Inspiringly, this simple diffusion‐driven tactic can be perfectly applicable for different responsive hydrogels with programmable multifunctionality by adding functional nanomaterials into the diffusible liquid. This green, general, and facile diffusion‐driven strategy provides significant guidance for fabricating environmentally responsive hydrogels with tailorable functionality for their multipurpose applications in drug delivery, bioengineering, smart actuators, and soft robots.

The development of flexible sensors with high sensitivity and a short response time has received great attention due to their potential applications in medical diagnosis and health monitoring. Herein, we demonstrate the design of a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on interlocked graphene microarrays on a flexible substrate. This sensor displays adjustable piezoresistance by changing the contact way of the graphene microarrays via micromanipulation, which endows the sensor with desirable compression sensitivity (10.41 kPa−1, 10 000 loading–unloading cycles). In particular, the fast-response characteristic of this sensor allows meticulous detection of complicated stimuli from various human motions by obviously changing the contact areas between the interlocked graphene microarrays when compared with a planar sensor with double-layered graphene films and a single microarray sensor, highlighting its potential application in wearable healthcare systems for more comprehensive and accurate analysis.

The point spread function (PSF) caused by a wavefront coding system with a cubic phase mask has big side-lobes which leads to bad image restoration. This paper proposes a novel apodized cubic phase mask to suppress the side-lobes of the PSF. Simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the cubic and the truncation parameter of the phase mask. The system with the novel phase mask has better performance in the modulation transfer function (MTF) especially in low-and-medium spatial frequency region. The simulation results show that the restored images with the novel phase mask are superior to the one with the classic cubic phase mask in contrast and ringing effect. The experimental results show that the side-lobes of the PSF are suppressed by using the apodized cubic phase mask.

For recent years, with the development of manufacture, free-form surfaces are widely used in optical systems because of the degrees of freedom and the capacity of correcting optical aberrations. Nowadays, commercial optical design software such as Optics Studio are commonly applied to optimize an optical system from a suitable initial structure to obtain high-quality imaging characteristics. The initial structure optimized by software must include the surface types and its parameters. Notice that the free-form surface type is unknown, let alone the parameters. Therefore, the initial structure of a free-form surface cannot be designed by commercial optical design software directly. The software cannot optimize or analyze the system with free-form surfaces either. This paper proposed an integral design method of optical system with free-form surfaces based on theoretical calculation and optimization of optical design software. Firstly, Fermat’s principle, equal optical path length between object and image, is applied to calculate the sampling data points of the free-form surface. Data points are fitted using least-square fitting algorithm to obtain a the surface type and its parameters, which are used as the initial structure. Secondly, a commercial optical design software further optimize the optical system containing the free-form surface. Not only the free-form surface but also other parameters can be optimized by the software. With the powerful functions of image quality and tolerance analysis of the software, we can obtain a high-quality imaging system with free-form surfaces in a short time. This method solves the problem that commercial software cannot design optical systems with free-form surfaces directly. Meanwhile initial structure with free-form surface can be acquired directly by this method. In addition,the powerful functions of the software such as optimization, image quality and tolerance analysis are fully utilized in the process of integral optimization. Since the system will be further optimized by the software, a small amount of sampling data points is enough to calculate the initial structure which speeds up the calculation. A passive ranging and three-dimensional imaging system with chiral phase mask is designed as an example. Different from conventional imaging system, two image points will be obtained by the system when one point is used as the object. Apparently, it is difficult for any commercial optical design software to design. The novel integral method proposed in this paper is applied to this system.Firstly, the system is designed in reverse sequence for the sake of simplification. A doublet with effective focal length 200mm and f-number 8 is used as the initial structure. Two points at (0,0.3,256.1) and (0,-0.3,256.1) are used as Please verify that (1) all pages are present, (2) all figures are correct, (3) all fonts and special characters are correct, and (4) all text and figures fit within the red margin lines shown on this review document. Complete formatting information is available at http://SPIE.org/manuscripts Return to the Manage Active Submissions page at http://spie.org/submissions/tasks.aspx and approve or disapprove this submission. Your manuscript will not be published without this approval. Please contact author_help@spie.org with any questions or concerns. the “object” which will image at (0,0,-63.6) as the “image” in the reverse sequence. A free-form surface is added in front of the doublet, thus the whole system turns to a triplet system. 6X12 sampling data points are calculated to fit an XY polynomial surface. Secondly a commercial optical design software further optimizes the optical system with the free-form surface. Finally, we obtain a high-quality imaging system with a free-form surface. The MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) performance of the system is closed to diffraction limit.

The CdS quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 films with plasmonic gold nanoparticles were designed as photoanodes by the electrodeposition of gold combined with the “successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction” (SILAR) method for CdS deposition on porous TiO2 films. A prominent enhancement in light absorption of Au/TiO2/CdS hybrid was attained by efficient light scattering of gold plasmons as sub-wavelength antennas and concentrators. The photogenerated electron formed in the near-surface region of TiO2 and CdS were facilitated to transfer to the plasmonic gold, resulting in the enhancement of photocurrent and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of hybrid photoanode upon photoirradiation. Furthermore, the photovoltaic response of hybrid was highly tunable with respect to the number of SILAR cycles applied to deposit CdS. The thicker absorber layer with less porous structure and larger CdS crystals might limit the electrolyte diffusion into the hybrid electrode and impose a barrier for electron tunneling and transferring. The highly versatile and tunable properties of Au/TiO2/CdS photoanodes demonstrated their potential application in energy conversion devices.

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in spintronic devices. This paper reports on first-principles calculations of the electronic structure and ferromagnetism of Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 with surface Ge vacancies. These vacancies are found to remove the bandgap and induce metallicity in Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 that persists with decreasing Ge-vacancy concentration. Meanwhile, the Ge vacancies cause an unexpected sharp increase in the magnetic anisotropy energy compared to that of perfect Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6. More importantly, how thickness affects the magnetic anisotropy energy is studied to show that the latter oscillates upon increasing the number of layers, thereby switching between the out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization directions. The present findings regarding a surface-vacancy-tuned bandgap and magnetism controlled by the layer thickness in a two-dimensional van der Waals magnet could lead to potential applications in next-generation magnetic memory storage, sensors, and spintronics.Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in spintronic devices. This paper reports on first-principles calculations of the electronic structure and ferromagnetism of Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 with surface Ge vacancies. These vacancies are found to remove the bandgap and induce metallicity in Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 that persists with decreasing Ge-vacancy concentration. Meanwhile, the Ge vacancies cause an unexpected sharp increase in the magnetic anisotropy energy compared to that of perfect Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6. More importantly, how thickness affects the magnetic anisotropy energy is studied to show that the latter oscillates upon increasing the number of layers, thereby switching between the out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization directions. The present findings regarding a surface-vacancy-tuned bandgap and magnetism controlled by the layer thickness in a two-dimensional van der Waals magnet could lead to potential application...

Reduced graphene oxide-supported PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles (PtPd/rGO) were synthesized by the simple electrodeposition method and used as efficient catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. The graphitization degree and oxygen functionalities of rGO sheets were adjusted by changing the reduction time of GO. Our results indicated that the moderately reduced rGO sheets on ITO substrates presented adequate oxygen functionalities as reactive sites for the nucleation and growth of bimetallic nanoparticles, which was helpful for improving the catalytic activity and stabilization of PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles on rGO. The PtPd/rGO hybrids showed lower onset potential and higher peak currents toward methanol oxidation than the PtPd bimetallic catalysts in the neutral media, highlighting the importance of rGO as the catalyst support for the potential application in fuel cells.

The Ag/graphene/Au nanostructure as an efficient surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrate was fabricated by sandwiching the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) between plasmonic silver dendrites and gold nanoparticles layers by a simple electrodeposition method. The surface plasmons aroused in the Ag-rGO interface could be effectively transferred from the silver to the top gold by rGO interlayer, which favored the higher SERS activity of Ag/rGO/Au hybrid compared to the Ag/rGO and Au/rGO/Au ones due to the more localized plasmon resonance on the gold surface. Furthermore, the reduction degree of rGO interlayer impacted the nucleation and growth of gold on the rGO surface and therefore the Raman signal for Rhodamine B molecules absorbed on the Ag/rGO/Au sandwich nanostructure. The rGO sheets and the top gold nanoparticles film also effectively protected the silver dendrites from oxidation under ambient condition. This Ag/rGO/Au sandwich nanostructure was useful for the development of an efficient SERS-based chemical sensor because of the simply fabrication, adjustable SERS activity, long-term stability and high reproducibility.

A bimetallic PdCu nanoparticle (NP) decorated three-dimensional graphene hydrogel (PdCu/GE) was developed by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The PdCu/GE hybrids exhibited an interconnected microporous framework with PdCu NPs dispersed and encapsulated within the GE layers. The PdCu/GE hybrids showed significant electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation due to the synergistic effect of PdCu NPs and GE sheets in the alkaline solution containing chloride ions, presenting a substantial increase in the oxidation current and decrease in the onset potential of oxidation compared to the monometallic modified GE hybrids. At an applied potential of −0.4 V, the PdCu/GE modified electrode with optimized bimetallic ratio presented quick respond to glucose oxidation with a wide linear range up to 18 mM and a reproducible sensitivity of 48 μA (mg mM) −1 in the presence of chloride ions. Furthermore, the PdCu/GE modified electrode exhibited high selectivity to glucose and resistance against poisoning by commonly interfering species such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, acetamidophenol and some monosaccharides. The PdCu/GE hybrid hydrogels with 3D micropores were therefore promising for the future development of non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensors with improved electrochemical performances.

Augmented and virtual reality have one big thing in common. They both have the remarkable ability to alter our perception of the world. Virtual reality is able to transpose the user. Augmented reality however, takes our current reality and adds something to it. Hence, the 3D positioning information in Augmented reality system is very important. In our study, the authors prosed the three parts of newly technologies, including the weighted ratio method, the advanced geometric model and the Kalman learning system to improve the accuracy of 3D indoor positioning system, the results show that our proposed method not only can increase the positioning accuracy, but also save the large computation time than the comparing method in Chen's method.

Hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by using hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNs) as the plasmon-tailorable cores to direct epitaxial growth of Cu2O nanoshells. The effective geometry control of hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles was achieved through adjusting the HGN core sizes, Cu2O shell thicknesses, and morphologies related to structure-directing agents. The morphology-dependent plasmonic band red-shifts across the visible and near-infrared spectral regions were observed from experimental extinction spectra and theoretical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain method. Moreover, the hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles with synergistic optical properties exhibited higher photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange when compared to pristine Cu2O and solid Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles under visible-light irradiation due to the efficient photoinduced charge separation, which could mainly be attributed to the Schottky barrier and plasmon-induced resonant energy transfer. Such optical tunability achieved through the hollow cores and structure-directed shells is of benefit to the performance optimization of metal-semiconductor nanoparticles for photonic, electronic, and photocatalytic applications.