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Objective: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model. Methods: Rabbits (n = 18) were randomly divided into control, KOA, and KOA + acupotomy (Apo) groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks. After modeling, the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and anserine bursa tendons around the knee. The behavior of all animals was recorded, rectus femoris tissue was obtained, and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad 3, Smad 7, fibrillar collagen types I (Col-I) and III (Col-III) was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris, compared with the KOA group (P = .034). Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA, thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group, Col-I, and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group (both P

Abstract Background Increasing attention has been paid to the potential relationship between gut and lung. The bacterial dysbiosis in respiratory tract and intestinal tract is related to inflammatory response and the progress of lung diseases, and the pulmonary diseases could be improved by regulating the intestinal microbiome. This study aims to generate the knowledge map to identify major the research hotspots and frontier areas in the field of gut–lung axis. Materials and methods Publications related to the gut–lung axis from 2011 to 2021 were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 5.7.R2 software was used to analyze the publication years, journals, countries, institutions, and authors. Reference co-citation network has been plotted, and the keywords were used to analyze the research hotspots and trends. Results A total of 3315 publications were retrieved and the number of publications per year increased over time. Our results showed that Plos One (91 articles) was the most active journal and The United States (1035 articles) published the most articles. We also observed the leading institution was the University of Michigan (48 articles) and Huffnagle Gary B, Dickson Robert P and Hansbro Philip M, who have made outstanding contributions in this field. Conclusion The Inflammation, Infection and Disease were the hotspots, and the regulation of intestinal flora to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer was the research frontier. The research has implications for researchers engaged in gut–lung axis and its associated fields.

Water is the only atmospheric parameter with three-phase state. An ultraviolet Raman lidar was developed for synchronous measurements for water vapor, liquid water and ice water in Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China (34.233°N, 108.911°E). An accurate retrieval method on the basis of interference degree is proposed for synchronous three-phase water mixing ratio profiles. Preliminary measurements are carried out in the Laser Radar Center of Remote Sensing of Atmosphere (LRCRSA). Several representative examples are obtained and validated the performance of Raman system. Combined with atmospheric temperature profiles, the synchronous water vapor, liquid water and ice water profiling are retrieved and revealed the variation characteristics in three-phase water. The effective detection can reach up to a height of 5 km under cloudy weather, and synchronized growth in water vapor and liquid water content was obtained in cloud layers. Continuous observations are also made under haze weather condition, and the temporal and spatial evolution trend of three-phase water in clouds at 2 km altitude are successfully realized.

Poisson distributions have the characteristic of equality between their variance and mean values. By constructing a calculation model of the temporal variance and spatial variance, the relationship between the variance and mean values of lidar analog data and photon-counting data can be analyzed. The calculation results show that the photon-counting data from far field have the distribution property of equality between the variances and the corresponding mean values, while the analog data for the whole probing traces do not. In this paper, by analyzing the distribution properties of the spatial variance and temporal variance of lidar data, the dead time of photon-counting data was estimated, and the threshold voltage of the photon-counting system and the linear working range of photomultiplier tube were evaluated. The results show that the linear working range of the high voltage for the photomultiplier tube in the ultraviolet elastic scanning lidar is between −500 V and −1000 V, and the dead time and threshold voltage of the photon-counting system in the Licel transient recorder are 3.488 ns and 1.20 mV, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel gluing method between analog data and photon-counting data is presented, based on the calculation results of the variance distribution of lidar data. The linear transfer coefficients were determined by minimizing the differences between the variance and mean of the transformed photon-counting data in the near filed with high signal to noise ratio. The glued data were distributed to express the atmospheric conditions uniformly.

Background and Aim: Hypoxia of the cartilage has been considered as a potential pathogenic factor in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Studies have shown that impaired blood perfusion of joint leads to cartilage hypoxia. Electroacupuncture (EA) has proven effects on pain relief and improving microcirculation. This study aimed to explore the effect of EA on articular microcirculation and cartilage anoxic and the underlying mechanisms., Procedures: Videman's method was used for 6 weeks to establish the KOA model. EA intervention was performed in four points around the knee for 3 weeks after KOA modeling. The Lequesne MG score was used to assess ethology. We recorded the oxygen tension of synovial fluid and the synovial microcirculation in vivo. HE-staining was used to assess cartilage morphology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, and RT-PCR were used to assess expression of the major glycolytic enzymes glucosetransporter1 (GLUT1), pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect lactate content., Results and Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in Lequesne MG score and improvement in Mankin score after EA intervention (P < 0.01), a significant increase in synovial microcirculation (P < 0.05) and synovial fluid oxygen tension (P < 0.01), and there was significant decrease in the expression of GLUT1, PKM2 and LDHA (P < 0.01) and lactate (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EA ameliorate cartilage hypoxia and regulate glycolytic metabolism in chondrocytes in KOA model rabbits by improving articular microcirculation and oxygen tension., Competing Interests: The authors report that they have no commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (© 2024 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.)

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of people with KOA. Among several pathogenic factors, the biomechanical imbalance of the knee joint is one of the main causes of KOA. Acupotomology believes that restoring the mechanical balance of the knee joint is the key to treating KOA. Clinical studies have shown that acupotomy can effectively reduce pain and improve knee mobility by reducing adhesion, contracture of soft tissues, and stress concentration points in muscles and tendons around the knee joint. In this protocol, we used the modified Videman method to establish a KOA model by immobilizing the left hindlimb in a straight position. We have outlined the method of operation and the precautions related to acupotomy in detail and evaluated the efficacy of acupotomy in conjunction with the theory of "Modulating Muscles and Tendons to Treat Bone Disorders" through the detection of the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon, as well as cartilage mechanics and morphology. The results show that acupotomy has a protective effect on cartilage by adjusting the mechanical properties of the soft tissues around the knee joint, improving the cartilage stress environment, and delaying cartilage degeneration.

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on the subchondral bone absorption and mechanical properties in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA)., Methods: The rabbits were divided into blank control, model, acupotomy and electroacupuncture (EA) groups, with 12 rabbits in each. Modified Videman's method was used to prepare KOA model. The acupotomy and EA group were given indicated intervention for 3 weeks. The behavior of rabbits in each group was recorded. Subsequently, cartilage-subchondral bone units were obtained and morphological changes were observed by optical microscope and micro computed tomography. Compression test was used to detect the mechanical properties of subchondral bone, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were applied to detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2-Smad1 (BMP2-Smad1) pathway in subchondral bone., Results: Compared with the control group, rabbits in the KOA group showed lameness, knee pain, and cartilage degradation; the subchondral bone showed active resorption, the mechanical properties decreased significantly and the BMP2-Smad1 pathway downregulated significantly. Both acupotomy and EA intervention could increase the thickness of trabecular bone (Tb. Th), the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the thickness of subchondral bone plate, reduce the separation of trabecular bone (Tb. Sp), improve the maximum load and elastic modulus of subchondral bone, and effectively delay cartilage degeneration in KOA rabbits. This process may be achieved through upregulation the related proteins of BMP2-Smad1 pathway. The maximum load and elastic modulus of subchondral bone in the acupotomy group were slightly better than those in the EA group., Conclusions: Acupotomy could effectively protect cartilage by inhibiting abnormal bone resorption and improving mechanical properties of subchondral bone thorough the related proteins of BMP2-Smad1 pathway in KOA rabbits.

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on inhibiting abnormal formation of subchondral bone in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA)., Methods: A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 6 rabbits each [control, model, electroacupuncture (EA) and acupotomy]. Eighteen KOA model rabbits were established using a modified Videman method. Rabbits in EA and acupotomy groups received the intervention for 3 weeks. Then, the cartilage and subchondral bone unit were obtained and the histomorphological changes were recorded. Osteo-protegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in subchondral bone were evaluated by Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry., Results: Compared with the model group, both the acupotomy and EA groups showed a significant decrease in the Lequesne index (both 0.01) and Mankin score ( 0.01, < 0.05). In addition, both EA and acupotomy groups had a higher expression of total articular cartilage (TAC) ( 0.05, < 0.01) and lower expression of articular calcified cartilage (ACC)/TAC ( 0.05, < 0.05) compared with the model group. The thickness of the subchondral bone plate in EA and acupotomy groups were decreased (both 0.01) compared to the model group. Moreover, trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), protein and relative expression of OPG and the ratio of OPG/RANKL in the subchondral bone of acupotomy group were decreased statistically significant, while these parameters were not significantly changed in the EA group compared with the model group., Conclusions: In the rabbit model of KOA, acupotomy inhibits aberrant formation of subchondral bone by suppressing OPG/RANKL ratio as a potential therapy for KOA.