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BackgroundAny infectious disease outbreak may lead to a negative detrimental psychological impact on individuals and the community at large, however; there was no systematic review nor meta-analysis that examined the relationship between the psychological/mental health impact of SARS and COVID-19 outbreak in Asia.Methods and designA systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from 1/1/2000 to 1/6/2020. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyzed the psychological impact on confirmed/suspected cases, healthcare workers and the general public during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemics. Primary outcomes included prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, aggression, sleeping problems and psychological symptoms.ResultTwenty-three eligible studies (N = 27,325) were included. Random effect model was used to analyze the data using STATA. Of these studies, 11 were related to the SARS outbreak and 12 related to COVID-19 outbreaks. The overall prevalence rate of anxiety during SARS and COVID-19 was 37.8% (95% CI: 21.1–54.5, P < 0.001, I2 = 96.9%) and 34.8% (95% CI: 29.1–40.4), respectively. For depression, the overall prevalence rate during SARS and COVID-19 was 30.9% (95% CI: 18.6–43.1, P < 0.001, I2 = 97.3%) and 32.4% (95% CI: 19.8–45.0, P < 0.001, I2 = 99.8%), respectively. The overall prevalence rate of stress was 9.4% (95% CI: −0.4 −19.2, P = 0.015, I2 = 83.3%) and 54.1% (95% CI: 35.7–72.6, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.8%) during SARS and COVID-19, respectively. The overall prevalence of PTSD was 15.1% (95% CI: 8.2–22.0, P < 0.001) during SARS epidemic, calculated by random-effects model (P < 0.05), with significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 93.5%).ConclusionThe SARS and COVID-19 epidemics have brought about high levels of psychological distress to individuals. Psychological interventions and contingent digital mental health platform should be promptly established nationwide for continuous surveillance of the increasing prevalence of negative psychological symptoms. Health policymakers and mental health experts should jointly collaborate to provide timely, contingent mental health treatment and psychological support to those in need to reduce the global disease burden.Systematic review registrationCRD42020182787, identifier PROSPER.

In the post-pandemic era, distance education and training modes without space constraints are gradually becoming a new trend in training. Game-based training combined with situational simulations is a potential approach. This study used a simulation company scenario and a decision-making analysis task of promotion assessment as the game context, and proposed an innovative game mechanism integrating the simulation situation scenario and the interactive contextual clue scaffolding as a guide to enhance learning effectiveness. This study used the "Gather Town" platform to design a simulation office scenario, and "Google Forms" to design interactive contextual clue scaffolding. This study conducted empirical research to evaluate this mechanism, with a total of 60 participants divided into an experimental group that conducted game activities and a control group that was only provided with document files as scaffolding for comparative analysis. The results of the study revealed that the proposed exploration guidance mechanism of integrating immersive scenes and interactive contextual clue scaffolding could allow learners to experience a high level of game fidelity and increase the discovery rate and usefulness of the scaffolding. It also reduced learning anxiety, maintained learning motivation and high flow, and resulted in significantly higher learning effectiveness than the control group approach.

We fabricated a single-layer graphene-doped electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) consisting of glass, indium tin oxide, graphene layers, gel electrolyte, deposited platinum, and a conductive separator. To find the appropriate doping materials and compositions of the EDLC, we conducted experiments using single-layer graphene and ZnO as doping materials. We also varied the doping concentrations of single-layer graphene to find the optimal concentration. The single-layer graphene EDLC was fabricated with different annealing and platinum deposition methods. Different electrolytes were also tested to determine the appropriate compositions and methods to fabricate the EDLC. The performance of the EDLC was assessed by measuring the capacitance, charge–discharge efficiency, charge–discharge cycle, and hysteresis area of cyclic voltammogram (CV). The results revealed that single-layer graphene was better than ZnO for doping the EDLC, and the appropriate concentration was 0.07 wt%. Annealing the single-layer graphene, depositing platinum, and using a gel electrolyte of 10 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) helped improve the performance of the single-layer graphene EDLC. The capacitance and charge–discharge efficiency were increased by 9.4–72.2 and 3.2–158.6%, respectively, depending on the methods and materials tested in this study. The charge–discharge cycle and hysteresis area were enhanced by 11.5–26.4 and 11.0–24.6%, respectively. Therefore, the annealed single-layer graphene-doped EDLC with deposited platinum and a gel electrolyte is recommended for use in electric vehicles (EVs) and advanced sensors because of its improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]