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Introduction Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a variety of anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effect of n-3 PUFA in a low, but recommended cardioprotective dosage on the formation of 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects. Materials and methods Fifty subjects were randomized to 1.1g of n-3 PUFA or olive oil for 6 weeks. Results Leukotriene B 4 formation decreased by 14% in the n-3 PUFA group which proved to be significant within the group ( p =0.005) but not between groups ( p =0.25). The formation of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) did not differ significantly between the groups. In the n-3 PUFA group, both 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic (5-HEPE) acid and leukotriene B 5 increased significantly compared to the control group ( p Conclusion In conclusion, we did not observe any significant net anti-inflammatory effect on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from a daily supplement of 1.1g marine n-3 PUFA for 6 weeks.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have suggested that a higher intake of flavonoids may be associated with lower risk of ischemic heart disease. However, the traditional estimation of flavonoid intake by using dietary assessment methods is affected by subjective measures. Objective: We examined whether the objective measurement of dietary flavonoids excreted in urine is associated with lower risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design: A case-control study was nested in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study. Cases were identified in participants who had received a first-time ACS diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry after the time of enrollment into the Diet, Cancer and Health study. The excretion of 10 flavonoids, which represent 5 subclasses, was measured in spot urine samples by using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 393 eligible cases with ACS were identified and matched to 393 noncases by using incidence density sampling. For kaempferol, most of the individual ORs were statistically significant and from 42% to 61% lower when the higher 4 quintiles were compared with the lowest quintile. The P-trend was not significant. For daidzein, individual ORs were 5‐38% lower. None of the individual ORs were significant, but the P-trend was 0.041. For the remaining flavonoids, there were no significant relations between urinary excretion and risk of ACS. Conclusions: Except for kaempferol and daidzein, there were no significant associations between the urinary excretion of flavonoids and risk of ACS. A lack of relations may be a result of the use of shortterm exposure measures. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112. 046169.

Introduction:Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (MI), but lean body mass (LBM) may also be an important factor. Low LBM may increase the risk of MI and LBM may modify the effect of obesity on MI. Thus, the inability of the classical anthropometric measures to evaluate LBM may lead to misclassification of MI risk in both lean and obese persons. We investigated the associations between incident MI and bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) derived measures of body composition in combination with body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric measures of body fat distribution.Methods and results:From 1993 to 1997, 27 148 men and 29 863 women, aged 50 to 64 year, were recruited into the Danish prospective study Diet, Cancer and Health. During 11.9 years of follow-up we identified 2028 cases of incident MI (1487 men and 541 women). BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and BIA of body composition including body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage and LBM were measured at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazard models with age as time axis and performed extensive control for confounding. Weight, BMI, classical estimates of abdominal obesity and BIA estimates of obesity showed significant positive associations with incident MI. However, BFM adjusted for WC showed no association. Low LBM was associated with a higher risk of incident MI in both genders, and high LBM was associated with a higher risk in men.Conclusion:Obesity was positively associated with MI. Estimates of obesity achieved by BIA seemed not to add additional information to classical anthropometric measures regarding MI risk. Both high and low LBM may be positively associated with MI.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 1 February 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.278.

Udgivelsesdato: Deceber 2009

INTRODUCTION: Reliable dietary information is crucial for measuring the habitual diet of healthy participants and patients with dyslipidaemia and/or coronary heart disease (CHD). Even so, methods are often complicated and time-consuming for everyone involved. We aimed to validate the new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) named HeartDiet by comparing it to a validated 198-item FFQ and biomarkers.METHODS: Healthy local participants (n = 100) and participants with CHD from Aalborg University Hospital (n = 100) randomly completed HeartDiet and the 198-item FFQ. Biomarkers were analysed in a random sample of 50 healthy participants. Scatter plots and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for statistics.RESULTS: We found a highly significant statistical correla-tion between the intake of fruit (ρ = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.76), vegetables (ρ = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.44-0.64), fish (ρ = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.68-0.81) and saturated fatty acids (ρ = -0.51; 95% CI:-0.61--0.40) measured by the HeartDiet and the 198-item FFQ. Also, correlations between the HeartDiet and serum β-carotene and serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were statistically significant (fruit and vegetables: ρ = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.74, and fish: ρ = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.19-0.65).CONCLUSIONS: HeartDiet is well aligned with results from a semi-quantitative FFQ and biomarkers, and it is a practical, easy and quick-to-use tool to describe and monitor if a diet is heart-healthy or not.FUNDING: The study was supported by the Danish Heart Association.TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.