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7 results on '"Timothy J.G. Brooks"'

1. Presence and Persistence of Zika Virus RNA in Semen, United Kingdom, 2016

Author

Barry Atkinson, Fiona Thorburn, Christina Petridou, Daniel Bailey, Roger Hewson, Andrew J.H. Simpson, Timothy J.G. Brooks, and Emma J. Aarons

Subjects
Zika, semen, sexual transmission, flavivirus, viruses, infectious diseases, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Zika virus RNA has been detected in semen collected several months after onset of symptoms of infection. Given the potential for sexual transmission of Zika virus and for serious fetal abnormalities resulting from infection during pregnancy, information regarding the persistence of Zika virus in semen is critical for advancing our understanding of potential risks. We tested serial semen samples from symptomatic male patients in the United Kingdom who had a diagnosis of imported Zika virus infection. Among the initial semen samples from 23 patients, Zika virus RNA was detected at high levels in 13 (56.5%) and was not detected in 9 (39.1%); detection was indeterminate in 1 sample (4.4%). After symptomatic infection, a substantial proportion of men have detectable Zika virus RNA at high copy numbers in semen during early convalescence, suggesting high risk for sexual transmission. Viral RNA clearance times are not consistent and can be prolonged.

Published
2017
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2. Melioidosis Diagnostic Workshop, 2013

Author

Alex R. Hoffmaster, David AuCoin, Prasith Baccam, Henry C. Baggett, Rob Baird, Saithip Bhengsri, David D. Blaney, Paul J. Brett, Timothy J.G. Brooks, Katherine A. Brown, Narisara Chantratita, Allen C. Cheng, David A.B. Dance, Saskia Decuypere, Dawn Defenbaugh, Jay E. Gee, Raymond Houghton, Possawat Jorakate, Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Toby L. Merlin, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Robert Norton, Sharon J. Peacock, Dionne B. Rolim, Andrew J. Simpson, Ivo Steinmetz, Robyn A. Stoddard, Martha M. Stokes, David Sue, Apichai Tuanyok, Toni Whistler, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, and Henry Walke

Subjects
melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, diagnosis, bacteria, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. There is broad interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. Therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and private sector personnel from around the world was convened to discuss the current state of melioidosis diagnostics, diagnostic needs, and future directions.

Published
2015
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4. Evaluation of azithromycin, trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin as prophylaxis for experimental murine melioidosis

Author

Timothy J.G. Brooks, Andrew J. H. Simpson, Thomas R. Laws, Armine Sefton, Dermot J. Kenny, and Helen S. Atkins

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Burkholderia pseudomallei, Melioidosis, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Azithromycin, Azalide, Piperazines, Microbiology, Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Naphthyridines, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, Grepafloxacin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Trovafloxacin, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Burkholderia, Immunology, bacteria, Female, business, Fluoroquinolones, medicine.drug
Abstract

The efficacies of the azalide azithromycin and the fluoroquinolones trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of infection with high or low challenge doses of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain 576 were assessed in an experimental mouse model. Trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin afforded significant levels of protection, whereas azithromycin was ineffective and potentially detrimental. Overall, the data suggest that some fluoroquinolones may have potential utility in prophylaxis of melioidosis and suggest that azithromycin would not be effective in prophylaxis of B. pseudomallei infection.

Published
2010

5. Efficacy of moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin as prophylaxis against experimental murine Brucella melitensis infection

Author

Andrew J. H. Simpson, Timothy J.G. Brooks, Simon D. Brew, Rachel E. Thirlwall, Alastair P. MacMillan, Thomas R. Laws, Helen S. Atkins, and Stephen Spencer

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Moxifloxacin, Antibiotics, Colony Count, Microbial, Brucella, Biology, Gatifloxacin, Brucellosis, Microbiology, Mice, Brucella melitensis, medicine, Animals, heterocyclic compounds, Pharmacology (medical), Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibacterial agent, Doxycycline, Aza Compounds, Mice, Inbred BALB C, General Medicine, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Quinolines, Female, Spleen, Fluoroquinolones, medicine.drug
Abstract

The prophylactic potential of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin was assessed in comparison with doxycycline, an established therapeutic antibiotic, to limit or control infection by Brucella melitensis in an experimental mouse model, determined by reduced bacterial burden in the spleen. Although moxifloxacin was found to have a small protective effect when administered 6 h following infection, neither moxifloxacin nor gatifloxacin showed significant efficacy in vivo. In comparison, doxycycline provided significant protection when prophylaxis was started at 6 h, 7 days or 14 days following infection. Overall, these results confirm the utility of doxycycline in the prophylaxis of brucellosis and suggest that neither moxifloxacin nor gatifloxacin are likely to be valuable for post-exposure prophylaxis of Brucella infection.

Published
2009

6. Evaluation of azithromycin, trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin as prophylaxis against experimental murine Brucella melitensis infection

Author

Timothy J.G. Brooks, Dominic C. Jenner, Stephen Spencer, Helen S. Atkins, Simon D. Brew, Armine Sefton, Andrew J. H. Simpson, and Alastair P. MacMillan

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Colony Count, Microbial, Brucella, Azalide, Azithromycin, Brucellosis, Piperazines, Microbiology, Mice, medicine, Brucella melitensis, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Naphthyridines, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, biology.organism_classification, Grepafloxacin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Trovafloxacin, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Chemoprophylaxis, Female, business, Spleen, medicine.drug, Fluoroquinolones
Abstract

The prophylactic potential of the azalide azithromycin as well as the fluoroquinolones trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin was assessed for the control of infection with Brucella melitensis in an experimental mouse model, determined by reduction in splenic bacterial burden. Trovafloxacin showed limited protective efficacy when administered 2 h following a low-dose B. melitensis challenge, whereas grepafloxacin was ineffective. In comparison, azithromycin provided significant control of infection both following low- and high-dose challenges. Overall, the data confirm the potential utility of azithromycin in the prophylaxis of brucellosis and suggest that neither trovafloxacin nor grepafloxacin would likely be valuable for post-exposure prophylaxis of Brucella infection.

Published
2009

7. Efficacy of the quinolones trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin for therapy of experimental tularaemia and plague

Author

Andrew J. H. Simpson, Armine Sefton, Dermot J. Kenny, Helen S. Atkins, Timothy J.G. Brooks, and Jackie Steward

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Pharmacology, Bubonic plague, Piperazines, Mice, Pharmacotherapy, Medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Naphthyridines, Tularemia, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Plague, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Grepafloxacin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Trovafloxacin, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, business, medicine.drug, Fluoroquinolones
Published
2009

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