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Populations of species living at the edge of their range need long-term and constant monitoring to analyze the number and condition of individuals of the species. When populations fall out of natural phytocenoses in conditions of regulated nature management, it is possible to restore these cenopopulations by repopulation. For optimization of work on structuring of data on populations, a GIS-map of medicinal plants was created. A full set of studies has been carried out for Bupleurum aureum populations, which are experiencing significant anthropogenic pressure near the western border of its range. The species has practically disappeared from the broad-leaved forests of the Predvolga region. The created GIS-map contains information with precise georeferencing of the identified cenopopulations in relation to landscape and soil type. Another block of the GIS-map database contains information on productivity and genetic polymorphism of cenopopulations, which should be taken into account when restoring lost populations.The conducted studies have shown that the share of generative plants of B. aureum in the population decreases when the light intensity decreases in the forest. In this case, individuals preserved in meadows adjacent to the forest are of great importance. It can be assumed that forest edge communities are important key sites for the conservation of forest biodiversity.

This work presents the structural analysis of rare medicinal plants of the flora in Tatarstan, Russia. The wild medicinal flora of Tatarstan includes 357 species, 9.5% of which have the status of protected plants. In Tatarstan, the protected species belonging to the subkingdom Higher spore plants are represented by two classes, two families and three genera. Protected Seed plants include Gymnosperms, represented by one class and one family, but the basis of the flora is formed by Angiosperms, including two classes, 15 families and 30 species. The most numerous families of rare plants in Tatarstan are Orchidaceae and Ericaceae. All representatives of this family are tuberiferous plants. Limited vegetative propagation leads to the reduction in species abundance. Plants of the family Ericaceae are confined to the ecological-cenotic group of oligotrophic plants, the distribution of which is associated with rare communities of sphagnum bogs. In general, on the territory Tatarstan, the composition of protected medicinal plants is dominated by wetland species. Among rare plants, more than 40% are located on the border of their range. However, the most common limiting factor for rare and endangered species is the direct or indirect influence of human activities on the natural habitats of medicinal plants.

This paper explores the potential of legal documents for the study of the sociology of Old English. It gives a rationale for the use of legal genres, or charters, and introduces research databases and tools that may elucidate the interconnections between practitioners of legal Old English and their linguistic practices. A series of short case studies on wills illustrates what legal genres tell us about the correlation between linguistic variation, supralocalisation, and change and such variables as archive and gender.

Blueberry is considered as a health-promoting food with a high content of anthocyanins. The extraction of anthocyanins from callus has been used to solve some problems of anthocyanins production, being more effective for commercial application and high production of anthocyanins. One of the most important aims of our study is to enhance anthocyanin synthesis in callus cultures. The results showed that callus induction from the highbush blueberry V. corymbosum L. cv. Sunt Blue Giant depends on the type of explant (leaf, root, and stem segments) and culture medium. Maximum callus induction was established on Woody Plant nutrient Medium (WPM) containing 2.0 mg/L ɑ–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine/benzyl adenine (BAP) from all used explants and the maximum fresh weight (for leaf, 1.03; root, 1.0; and stem, 0.8 g/jar) was recorded. After four subcultures on the same medium composition, we studied the effect of different light types on the accumulation of anthocyanins in callus culture. The highest levels of anthocyanin content were observed in callus from root origin (5.7 fold) and leaf origin (4.8 fold) grown under red light comparing with callus grown in dark as a control. The anthocyanins composition were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography, under the influence of red light the qualitative composition of anthocyanins significantly expanded in comparison with the dark condition. In addition, the red light increased the qualitative composition of anthocyanins in callus obtained from leaf origin largely than in callus obtained from root origin. From callus cultures obtained from root and leaf origin growing under red light were isolated ten anthocyanins and three proanthocyanidins. The present study could suggest an important protocol for improving the production of anthocyanins from callus culture of V. corymbosum L. cv. Sunt Blue Giant.

Wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a double-headed perennial climbing plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family. Hops contain many biologically active compounds possessing powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal activity, due to which its original use was for medicinal purposes and only later began to be used in beer production. The aim of the work was to identify the effects of growth regulators (hibbersib and epin-extra) and biofertilizer (powder) on the content of soluble phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, vitamins C and B, protein and sugars in plants of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) during ontogenesis. Root cuttings of hops were planted in the beginning of May 2022 in protected ground under laboratory conditions. In the second variant rootstock were potted in soil with 10 g/kg powders; in the third variant rootstocks were treated with hibbersib (666.6 µg/l) by spraying; in the fourth variant also, rootstocks were treated with epin-extra (500 µl/l) by spraying. After 4 weeks, all variants were transplanted to the open field. The samples for analysis (leaves) were taken 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after planting in the open ground, the average night temperatures were +160C, +240C, +140C and +70C, respectively. Phytochemical composition of leaves was determined by spectrophotometric method. In control plants the content of phenolic compounds and vitamin C reached the highest values in the twelfth week after planting. The synthetic growth regulators (epin-extra and hibbersib) and the biofertilizer (pudrete) were shown to change the phytochemical composition of the hop plants to different extents. Powdertet increased the vitamin and protein content to a greater extent whereas growth regulators increased the content of phenolic compounds and sugars, particularly under the influence of hibbersib.

The Greeks were one of those outgroups to whom the Anglo-Saxons had reasons to look up to, because of the antiquity of their culture and the sanctity of their language, along those of the Hebrews and the Romans. Yet as a language Greek was practically unknown for most of the Anglo-Saxon period and contact with its native speakers and country extremely limited. Nevertheless, references to the Greeks and their language are not uncommon in the Anglo-Saxon sources (both Latin and vernacular), as a little less than 200 occurrences in the Dictionary of Old English (s.v. grecisc) testify.

Nowadays, the ‘greening’ of the economy based on implementation of modern development priorities such as increasing the value of nature, natural resources, as well as a human being, human life and health has the prime importance for achieving sustainable development. Solving the problem of production and consumption waste is becoming one of the priority areas, since it simultaneously contains the following components: economic (disposal cost, saving natural resources), environmental (reducing releases of harmful substances into the environment) and social (new jobs, reducing the burden of diseases, fostering an attitude of care towards nature among the population). The creation and development of regional clusters of waste processing can be a key element in solving the problem.

The combined effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (tES) of the spinal cord and affective sound stimulation on postural control were investigated to elucidate the involvement of spinal networks in the maintenance of vertical stability. Healthy volunteers (n = 27) underwent tES and sound stimulation separately and combined quasi-randomly. All participants were field-dependent; i.e., participants used the exteroceptive afferent stream for spatial orientation. Centre-of-pressure parameters were analysed to assess postural stability. Results showed that tES at the T11–T12 vertebrae stabilised posture, tES at the L1–L2 vertebrae had no postural effect, and sound stimulation from the left destabilised posture. To assess the role of spinal regulation of postural disturbances, we compared the effects of combined tES with sound stimulation to those of sound stimulation alone. Stimulation at the T11–T12 level reduced the lateral sway induced by affective sounds, whereas L1–L2 tES did not. These results suggest that, in healthy individuals, spinal networks located at the T11–T12 and L1–L2 vertebral levels have distinct roles in maintaining upright posture, both when a person is standing still and when they are actively stabilising their posture during destabilising perturbations. T11–T12 spinal networks stabilise upright posture when destabilising information is solely transmitted from the supraspinal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is the study of psychological-pedagogical approaches to the understanding of the idea of professional competence of social work specialists as well as the role of study in the system of additional educations in professional-personal development of the listeners. In the process of study of this problem we define main professional competences of a social work specialist, in particular, special, communicative, analytical, reflexive, motivation-personal, social, individual. The specific nature of the educational space with the effective approaches, technologies and forms of education of the adults in the system of additional education and its influence on the development of the specialists' professional competence are represented in this article.

The study explored the effects of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tES) on postural control. Subjects were divided into field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) groups according to their cognitive style. FD subjects use an exteroceptive afferent stream for spatial orientation, while FI subjects use an interoceptive stream. In darkness, vertical posture is maintained by head-trunk stabilization in FD subjects and by independent movements of body segments in FI subjects. Previously, we showed that tES at the L1-L2 vertebral level decreased postural stability in FD subjects. Now, stimulation was applied at the T11-T12 vertebral level (midline, above the left or right dorsal roots). Quiet standing was assessed using stabilometry in 18 FD and FI participants. Participants stood on a force platform in soundproof chamber with eyes closed during tES. Midline and left tES significantly improved postural stability by up to 28% in FD participants, while posture did not change significantly in FI participants. Pronounced differences between the effects of T11-T12 and L1-L2 stimulation are associated with selective topographical activation of proximal and distal leg muscles during tES of the lumbar enlargement. This study highlights the importance of considering cognitive style in postural control research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Members of the Eph/ephrin gene families act as key regulators of cerebellar development during embryogenesis. Aberrant signaling of Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands has also been implicated in human cancers. Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor that originates from granule neuron precursors in the cerebellum. Previous studies have suggested a role for the ephrin-A5 ligand and its receptors, EphA4 and EphA7, in granule cell-precursor formation and in guiding cell migration. In the present study, we investigated the effects of genetic loss of ephrin-A5, EphA4, and EphA7 on the spatiotemporal development of medulloblastoma tumors in the context of the smoothened transgenic mouse model system. FINDINGS: Radiographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to monitor tumor growth in a genetically engineered mouse model of medulloblastoma. Tumor tissue was harvested to determine changes in the expression of phosphorylated Akt by Western blotting. This helped to establish a correlation between genotype and/or tumor size and survival. Our in vivo data establish that in ND2-SmoA1 transgenic mice, the homozygous deletion of ephrin-A5 resulted in a consistent pattern of tumor growth inhibition compared to their ephrin-A5 wild-type littermate controls, while the loss of EphA4/EphA7 failed to produce consistent effects versus EphA4/EphA7 wild-type mice. A positive correlation was evident between tumor size, p-Akt, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in our transgenic mouse model system, regardless of genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of targeting specific members of the Eph/ephrin families in conjunction with the Akt pathway in order to inhibit medulloblastoma tumor growth and progression.

The expression of members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands is frequently dysregulated in medulloblastomas. We assessed the expression and functional role of EphB1 in medulloblastoma cell lines and engineered mouse models. mRNA and protein expression profiling showed expression of EphB1 receptor in the human medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY and UW228. EphB1 downregulation reduced cell growth and viability, decreased the expression of important cell cycle regulators, and increased the percentage of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. It also modulated the expression of proliferation, and cell survival markers. In addition, EphB1 knockdown in DAOY cells resulted in significant decrease in migration, which correlated with decreased β1-integrin expression and levels of phosphorylated Src. Furthermore, EphB1 knockdown enhanced cellular radiosensitization of medulloblastoma cells in culture and in a genetically engineered mouse medulloblastoma model. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we established that genetic loss of EphB1 resulted in a significant delay in tumor recurrence following irradiation compared to EphB1-expressing control tumors. Taken together, our findings establish that EphB1 plays a key role in medulloblastoma cell growth, viability, migration, and radiation sensitivity, making EphB1 a promising therapeutic target.

This study examined the effect of biochar application to the soil at different times on the phytochemical composition (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamin C, sugars, proteins, MDA, and antioxidant activity) and expression of HCT, F3'H and CHS genes (which are involved in the accumulation of phenolic compounds) in cabbage kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). Biochar was prepared from chicken manure, using the method of rapid pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 °C. The retention time at the maximum temperature was 4 h, and the heating rate was 10 °C min-1. The biochar fertilizer was applied to 5-7 day-old kale seedlings at planting in one variant, and in the second experimental variant it was added 1 month after the seedlings were sown. The results demonstrated that the biochar had a greater effect on the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and sugars on the 16-week-old plants when it was added at the time of planting. Early biochar treatment stimulated an 80-fold increase in HCT gene expression, a 17-fold increase in F3'H gene expression, and a nearly 22-fold increase in CHS gene expression. Late biochar treatment stimulated a roughly 22-fold increase in HCT gene transcripts, a 23-fold increase in F3'H gene transcripts, and a 16-fold increase in CHS gene transcripts in kale. Thus, these experiments once again convincingly prove that treatment of kale with biochar during planting is more effective in stimulating the production of healthpromoting compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]