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Background: Umbilical cord blood is used for the testing of various parameters in newborns. However, data on its applicability for hemostasis assays is insufficient., Objective: To evaluate whether umbilical cord blood can be used for standard tests, thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics for preterm and term newborns., Methods: 187 newborns were included in the study. Blood was taken from the umbilical cord and by venipuncture of the newborn. Clotting times, fibrinogen, D-dimer, thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics were measured., Results: Clotting times and fibrinogen indicated a hypocoagulable shift, while thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics showed a hypercoagulable shift in hemostasis in umbilical cord blood compared to newborn blood. D-dimer indicated an enhanced process of thrombus lysis in newborn blood compared to cord blood. Collecting blood into a tube with the addition of a contact pathway inhibitor did not significantly change the global assay parameters in either umbilical cord blood or newborn blood. In the thrombodynamics assay, spontaneous clotting was detected but suppressed by the addition of a tissue factor inhibitor., Conclusions: Hemostasis in cord and newborn blood differs for both global and standard tests. Hypercoagulability in newborns registered with the global assay thrombodynamics is associated with the presence of tissue factor in the blood., Impact Statement: 1. We found a hypercoagulation shift in newborns compared with the adult references, possibly due to the presence of tissue factor in blood. 2. Blood coagulation is enhanced in cord blood compared with blood sampled from the vein of a newborn according to thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics assays. 3. Clotting times and fibrinogen concentrations in cord blood differ from these parameters in newborn blood. 4. Studying of the (patho)physiological features of hemostasis in newborns should consider differences in cord blood and vein sampled blood., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.)

Background: Preterm newborns are at thrombohemorrhagic risk during the early neonatal period. Taking into account the lack of informative tools for the laboratory diagnosis of hemostasis disorders in newborns, our goal was to determine the baseline values of thrombodynamics and platelet functional activity in healthy term and moderately preterm newborns during the early neonatal period future potential clinical use of these tests., Methods: Coagulation was assessed using an integral assay of thrombodynamics and standard coagulation assays, and platelet functional activity was estimated by flow cytometry., Results: Hypercoagulation of newborns, represented by a significantly higher clot growth velocity and the presence of spontaneous clots in the thrombodynamics, was combined with platelet hypoactivity. Granule release, phosphatidylserine exposure, and the ability to change shape upon activation were decreased in the platelets of moderately preterm newborns. The platelet function remained at the same level over the first four days of life, whereas the hypercoagulation became less pronounced., Conclusions: The hemostasis of newborns is characterized by hypercoagulation combined with reduced platelet functional activity. Moderately preterm and term newborns do not differ in the parameters of coagulation, while some of the functional responses of platelets are lower in moderately preterm newborns than in term.

Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent implantation is uncertain. Some patients have an extended risk of thrombotic complications including that of very late stent thrombosis after cessation of recommended course of DAPT (6-12 months). On the other hand, there is a real risk of bleeding on DAPT. In this review, we present and discuss results of clinical trials of long-term DAPT and data of their meta-analyses. The review also contains consideration of some aspects of new AHA/ACC recommendations (2016) on duration of DAPT.

A serious problem during intensive care and nursing of premature infants is the invasiveness of many examination methods. Urine is an excellent source of potential biomarkers due to the safety of the collection procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the features specific for the urine proteome of preterm newborns and their changes under respiratory pathologies of infectious and non-infectious origin. The urine proteome of 37 preterm neonates with respiratory diseases and 10 full-term newborns as a control group were investigated using the LC-MS/MS method. The total number of identified proteins and unique peptides was 813 and 3672 respectively. In order to further specify the defined infant-specific dataset these proteins were compared with urine proteome of healthy adults (11 men and 11 pregnant women) resulting in 94 proteins found only in infants. Pairwise analysis performed for label-free proteomic data revealed 36 proteins which reliably distinguished newborns with respiratory disorders of infectious genesis from those with non-infectious pathologies, including: proteins involved in cell adhesion (CDH-2,-5,-11, NCAM1, TRY1, DSG2), metabolism (LAMP1, AGRN, TPP1, GPX3, APOD, CUBN, IDH1), regulation of enzymatic activity (SERPINA4, VASN, GAPDH), inflammatory and stress response (CD55, CD 93, NGAL, HP, TNFR, LCN2, AGT, S100P, SERPINA1/C1/B1/F1)., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertensive disease is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Long term and effective antihypertensive therapy is capable to cause reverse development of LVH. We included in this study 72 patients (27 men, 45 women, age from 34 to 72 years) with untreated 1st and 2nd degree arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140-179 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 99-109 mm Hg) and echocardiographical signs of LVH (left ventricular myocardial mass index >120 g/m2 in men and >100 g/m2 in women). After that the patients were randomized into 2 groups: the study group (39 patients, mean age 53.0+/-11.6 years) received combination of perindopril and indapamide in initial dose of 2 mg/0.625 mg, and comparison group (33 patients, mean age 54.4+/-8.2 years) received monotherapy with enalapril (10 mg). Once daily dosing of the preparation provided high level of compliance of patients with treatment. During 12-month therapy with combination of perindopril and indapamide target blood pressure (<140/90) was achieved in 74.4% of patients, during monotherapy with enalapril--in 27.3% of patients. Significant decrease of left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMMI) with combination therapy was observed by 6th month of treatment (from 260 to 234 g), with monotherapy within same period of time--from 267 to 260 g. As a result of 12 months therapy of patients with I-II degree of hypertension with perindopril and indapamide LVMMI decreased by 17.5% while monotherapy with enalapril was associated with 5.6% decrease of LVMMI. Lowering of LVMMI occurred mainly at the account of decrease of left ventricular wall thickness.

The surface of dried drops of blood serum (BS) from 86 plasmapheresis patients with atherosclerosis has been studied for its structural peculiarities. The content of lipids (total cholesterol, cholesterol of lipoproteins of high density, triglycerides), sialic acids and immunoglobulins was determined in all the examinees. BS from 20 practically healthy people was taken as a control. Optically inactive filamentous dichotomically branching crystals were typical of its microstructure. Optically active spherolites were found in patients with high content of cholesterol, optically active dendrite aggregation--in patients with high content of triglycerides, optically active fibrils appeared in case of hypersialemia, optically inactive aggregates--in case of hyperimmunoglobulemia. The plasmapheresis course carried out in patients was followed by appearance of filamentous dichotomically branching crystals, and disappearance of optically active inclusions, that testified to ordering of the BS structure. The results obtained were confirmed by normalization of the content of lipids, sialic acids, immunoglobulins.

Crystallographic investigation of the blood serum of 65 patients and 20 healthy persons aged 20 to 45 was conducted to observe the content of carbohydrate components of glycoproteins in toxic goiter over time and to study the content of seromucoid and sialic acids. Crystallograms were obtained by placing a drop of blood serum between two isotropic plates and dried under controlled conditions for 12 h. The obtained specimen was investigated microscopically in transmitted and polarized light. N-acetylneuraminic acid was used. The data obtained indicated the heterogeneity of micromorphotypes of crystallograms of patients with toxic goiter which formed individual macromorphotypes according to the gravity of disease. Crystallography of the blood serum can be used as an adjuvant method to control glycoprotein metabolic derangements and as a diagnostic method for toxic goiter.

The numerical analysis of the phenotypical properties of Y. pestis strains, classified with 5 subspecies by 60 signs, was carried out. In comparing the properties of strains belonging to the main (nomenclature) subspecies with strains of other subspecies, the similarity index varied within the range 82-95%. A high degree of genetic affinity between 21 Y. pestis strains of five subspecies was demonstrated by the method of molecular DNA-DNA hybridization. The level of DNA homology with respect to the alpha-CTP.[3H] reference mark of Y. pestis P-1300 in strains belonging to different subspecies was found to be 84-97%. The plasmid spectrum of 25 examined strains of these three subspecies proved to be identical and consisted of plasmids similar in their electrophoretic motility to marker plasmids from Y. pestis strains EV from the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene and Otten.