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The sociology of time has seen substantial development over the past twenty years. It has only recently evolved into a theoretically grounded and differentiated branch, continually expanding its unique sociological vocabulary. Earlier research in this field primarily explored the relationship between time and technology, globalization, capitalism, and digitalization. However, there has been a notable lack of focus on the intersection of time and politics, specifically concerning power relations and socio-political changes. This paper aims to address this gap by examining three case studies: the implementation of the French revolutionary calendar in the French Republic in 1793, the implementation of the Soviet revolutionary calendar in the Soviet Union in 1929, and the transition to daylight saving time in Lebanon in 2023. The conclusion drawn from these case studies is that further research into the temporal aspects of political processes can enrich the sociology of time and potentially lead to the establishment of a specialized subfield – the political sociology of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the precise attack of multiple underwater intelligent vehicles (UIVs) on the same target ship at a fixed impact time, and to improve the penetration capability of the UIVs themselves, this study investigated the guidance law for the time-cooperative guidance of UIVs with maneuvering evasion. The evasive maneuver of the UIV increases the line-of-sight angle between the UIV and the target, which decreases the guidance precision of the UIV. A segmented control strategy is proposed to solve the problem of decreasing guidance precision caused by evading maneuvers, which is also the main contribution of this paper. This control strategy is dividing the guidance trajectory into two segments. The first segment allows for intelligent underwater vehicles to make evasion maneuvers and penetrate the defense, while the second segment controls the terminal time and achieves precision strike. Different desired target-vehicle distances are designed for each segment, unifying the impact time control issue and evasion maneuver problem into the pursuit of desired target-vehicle distances. Finally, based on feedback linearization control theory, a time-cooperative guidance law with evasion maneuver capability is proposed. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in attacking-moving targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analytically evaluates the project control practice levels used by the building construction companies within Kampala, Uganda. The research also assesses the impact of project control practices on the productivity of companies. The research was performed to ascertain the current control practices among 160 respondents from various construction companies registered with the Uganda Registration Services Bureau. This research used amalgamation from multiple studies in the literature to obtain the variables. This research adopts 34 standard control practices from 4 vital project control duties: planning, monitoring, analyzing, and reporting. These project control tasks were organized using mean response ratings grounded in their relevance to the construction companies. This process authorized researchers to prioritize tasks based on their perceived importance or relevance to the construction companies involved. Results showed that evaluating performance with the use of S-curves (4.32), timely access to information and encouragement (4.55), report representation using quantitative tools 4.75, and cost value comparison application during analysis (4.76) were rated least among the control practices. On the other hand, the top project control practices included formulation of the project schedule (8.88), project feasibility validation (8.86), budgeting for each activity (8.84), key project route definition (8.81), team awareness of the budget (8.77), setting realistic targets for projects (8.50), and consultation from subcontractors (8.74). From the results obtained by the sample respondents specified, it can be concluded that planning is the most vital project control task practiced in the building construction industry in Uganda. In addition, this research ascertained a substantial relationship between project control practices and the performance of building construction companies. Accordingly, this research recommends that project control practices be effectively observed by both contracting and consulting companies to enhance their overall performance and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time pressure, commonly categorized a challenge stressor, consistently and positively relates to employees' experience of strain. However, regarding its relationship with motivational outcomes such as work engagement researchers have reported positive as well as negative effects. Drawing on the challenge-hindrance framework, we introduce two explanatory mechanisms (i.e., a loss of time control and an increase of meaning in work) which may explain both, the consistent findings related to strain (here operationalized as irritation) as well as the diverse findings related to work engagement. We conducted a two-wave survey with a two-week time-lag. The final sample consisted of 232 participants. To test our hypotheses, we used structural equation modeling. Time pressure negatively and positively related to work engagement through loss of time control and meaning in work. Further, only loss of time control mediated the time pressure-irritation relationship. Results demonstrate that time pressure likely acts motivating and demotivating at the same time, only through different paths. Hence, our study provides an explanation for the heterogeneous findings regarding the relationship between time pressure and work engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper analytically evaluates the project control practice levels used by the building construction companies within Kampala, Uganda. The research also assesses the impact of project control practices on the productivity of companies. The research was performed to ascertain the current control practices among 160 respondents from various construction companies registered with the Uganda Registration Services Bureau. This research used amalgamation from multiple studies in the literature to obtain the variables. This research adopts 34 standard control practices from 4 vital project control duties: planning, monitoring, analyzing, and reporting. These project control tasks were organized using mean response ratings grounded in their relevance to the construction companies. This process authorized researchers to prioritize tasks based on their perceived importance or relevance to the construction companies involved. Results showed that evaluating performance with the use of S-curves (4.32), timely access to information and encouragement (4.55), report representation using quantitative tools 4.75, and cost value comparison application during analysis (4.76) were rated least among the control practices. On the other hand, the top project control practices included formulation of the project schedule (8.88), project feasibility validation (8.86), budgeting for each activity (8.84), key project route definition (8.81), team awareness of the budget (8.77), setting realistic targets for projects (8.50), and consultation from subcontractors (8.74). From the results obtained by the sample respondents specified, it can be concluded that planning is the most vital project control task practiced in the building construction industry in Uganda. In addition, this research ascertained a substantial relationship between project control practices and the performance of building construction companies. Accordingly, this research recommends that project control practices be effectively observed by both contracting and consulting companies to enhance their overall performance and governance.

In order to achieve the precise attack of multiple underwater intelligent vehicles (UIVs) on the same target ship at a fixed impact time, and to improve the penetration capability of the UIVs themselves, this study investigated the guidance law for the time-cooperative guidance of UIVs with maneuvering evasion. The evasive maneuver of the UIV increases the line-of-sight angle between the UIV and the target, which decreases the guidance precision of the UIV. A segmented control strategy is proposed to solve the problem of decreasing guidance precision caused by evading maneuvers, which is also the main contribution of this paper. This control strategy is dividing the guidance trajectory into two segments. The first segment allows for intelligent underwater vehicles to make evasion maneuvers and penetrate the defense, while the second segment controls the terminal time and achieves precision strike. Different desired target-vehicle distances are designed for each segment, unifying the impact time control issue and evasion maneuver problem into the pursuit of desired target-vehicle distances. Finally, based on feedback linearization control theory, a time-cooperative guidance law with evasion maneuver capability is proposed. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in attacking-moving targets.

Food security is an important aspect in maintaining people's welfare. However, the main challenge in managing pekarangan as a food source is the efficient management of water for watering plants. Sengkolo Makmur has a yard that is used for food security in the Josenan area of Madiun City. So far, watering is done manually using human power. This watering is also not scheduled so that if the owner of the yard is busy then watering cannot be done. The use of an automatic watering system in the yard has become an innovative solution in increasing the efficiency of water management and plant care. The research method used includes discussions with the management, prototype design, and field trials. This activity describes the steps for designing and developing an automatic watering system involving temperature sensors, water pumps, and time controllers. The watering system is also equipped with a time controller to adjust the watering time according to the needs of plants at various times and seasons. This activity can be a guide for Sengkolo Makmur sustainable food garden managers in applying smart technology for water conservation and developing a greener environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of construction management is to manage or regulate the implementation of construction projects, so that results are obtained in accordance with what was planned, both the time of implementation, the cost of implementation and the quality produced. In order to achieve the main objectives of construction management, one of the important factors that must be considered is labor productivity. In a construction project the factors that affect labor productivity include wages, time, equipment, formal education, work experience, location of materials, number of helpers (laden) and so on. Controlling the time and cost of this construction was carried out on the CHECKDAM construction project in the Cikeruh area, Jatinangor sub-district, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Previously, Cikeruh Village was included in the Jatinangor District area, which was originally named the Cikeruh sub-district. However, over time, in 2000, the Cikeruh sub-district officially changed its name to the Jatinangor sub-district, West Java, with the aim of knowing the performance of the project. This control is carried out based on completed projects in terms of time and cost control using the concept of Earned Value Analysis which consists of three indicators, namely BCWS, BCWP, and ACWP. This control is carried out on time deviations (SV), deviations from costs (CV), deviations from the total budget (BV). The analysis was carried out in units of weeks (12 weeks). Based on Earned Value analysis, the deviation from the schedule (SV) in the Check Dam Development in Bandung and Sumedang Regencies is 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-revision is an essential part of the translation production process in which one checks and amends one's own translation (Mossop, 2014 [2001]). Since the activities linked to self-revision involve the application of knowledge, skills and aptitudes of translation competence (Kelly, 2002, 2005 y 2008), self-control of the work procedure (Pietrzak, 2019) is basic to manage time and effort (Gile, 2005; Pym, 2010a) required by these activities. Therefore, self-revision is an essential didactic instrument to develop strategic competence and self-efficacy beliefs (Haro-Soler, 2017) in translator training. This paper presents the results of an analytical comparative study focused on the monitoring of the time devoted to the activities of the translation process by 20 students and their teacher. The aim is to demonstrate how the time invested in self-revision is a valuable indicator of the learning progress. According to the results obtained, the students with greater self-control of their work procedures manage the time and effort invested in the different activities of the translation process considering their strengths and weaknesses when translating (Way, 2008), and are more effective both in detecting errors and deficiencies in their translations and in correcting them. In the conclusions, additional possibilities for analysing the data obtained and the limitations of this type of study are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living systems have some of the most sophisticated reaction circuits in the world, realizing many incredibly complex functions through a variety of simple molecular reactions, in which the most notable feature that distinguishes them from artificial molecular reaction networks is the precise control of reaction times and programmable expression. Here, we exploit the hydrolysis-directed nature of λ exonuclease and the programmed responses of the dynamic nanotechnology of nucleic acids to construct a simple, complete, and powerful set of temporally programmed circuits. This system can arbitrarily regulate the degradation rate of the blocker, thereby delaying the nucleic acid chain substitution reaction with less signal leakage. In addition, the powerful dynamic reaction network of nucleic acids enabled us to control the programmed execution of a wide range of reactions in different fields. We have developed a simple strategy to introduce precise control of the time dimension into nucleic acid reaction circuits, which greatly enriches the functionality and applicability of the reaction programs, which can be easily used as timers, compilers, converters, etc. The simplicity, precision, stability, and versatility of such dynamic temporal programming circuits greatly expand the potential of artificial molecular reaction networks for more complex practical applications in biochemistry and molecular biology.

Approaches to the use of BIM-modeling in construction, methods of its implementation, standardization of parameters of investment activity of projects and its stages are considered. The key points in the organization of digital management at the enterprise were highlighted. The digital experience of foreign countries on the introduction and development of BIM-technologies in construction and the main advantages of the introduction of digital technologies in construction are considered. It is revealed that the digital transformation in the construction industry requires the creation of an appropriate institutional environment and the organization of its functioning in the general digital ecosystem. The concept of a functioning BIM environment with a digital environment is proposed as a part of the implementation of investment project activities in construction.

National coffee have bean production reaches 600,000 tons for a year, only 20% that can be processed and marketed in to secondary products by roasted coffee, ground coffee, fast food coffee, and several types of secondary products derived from its derivatives and processing. The factors need to be considered when roasting, including temperature, time, expertise, and roasting techniques with a tool that is designed has dimension length 50 cm width 45 cm and height 110 cm. Coffee beans are roasted using a teflon griddle without a 25 cm cover diameter and Teflon griddle with a 16 cm cover diameter. The treatments studied were temperatures around 180 to 215oC with 12 minutes roasting time. The temperature treatment and roasting time affect the changes in mechanical physical properties of the coffee, namely a faster decrease in water content, increased fragility and accelerate changes in the color of darkness. Roaster machine based on microcontroller using gas fuel is made only 3 settings of coffee profile results, namely light, medium and dark with a light time of 12.8 minutes, medium 17 minutes and dark 25 minutes with a temperature setting of 245 degrees Celsius. The price of "roaster" is still very high because all the roasted tools in Indonesia are mostly imported so that they are not affordable by the household industry scale in relatively low income. So the authors make a prototype of a horizontal roaster model while still emphasizing traditional methods with temperature and time control. Temperature and time control here can be used to obtain the desired coffee profile qualit to reproduce creations roasted results. The dimensions are also small with a height of 60 cm, a width of 50 cm and a length of 60 cm and a frying pan diameter of 30 cm to hold 2 kg of coffee. This tool is designed with stainless steel and other parts used easily found on the market with the aim of facilitating maintenance and the main point is the application of appropriate technology with to increasing economic value. The results of testing the tool with a robusta coffee sample of 2 kilograms obtained the conclusion that the temperature and roasting time affect the profile of coffee produced and the roasting process can reduce the moisture content of coffee beans produced to improve quality of coffee profile.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the basis for the moral obligation to remember. As the moral relation to the past is primarily a matter of shared identity, the kind of obligation in question splits into two related issues, namely, that of political, state-oriented and state-organized memory on which the political identity rests and that of memory labour grounded in social identities based in shared, time-extended projects. Drawing upon tensions between these two, I discuss time control and the accumulation of identity as central to memory labour and, referring to John Zerzan’s critique of symbolical roots of power, pinpoint the moral basis of such an accumulation. On the basis of this, I argue for nesting the duty to remember in acknowledging the agent’s recognition of the relatedness and dependency of their agency and possibilities of flourishing which can be obtained thanks to adjusting the field of the virtue of practical wisdom so that it includes members of the time-extended community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences is the property of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multimedia cloud storage which saves the huge storage overhead of local devices has attracted considerable attention. However, due to the lack of physical control of data, the privacy protection of data on the multimedia cloud has become one of the main concerns of users. Public-key encryption with keywords search (PEKS) is a technique that can keep the privacy and searchability of data in the cloud. In this paper, we present a PEKS with time-controlled proxy re-encryption model which allows the data owner to delegate the access right of the encrypted multimedia database to other users, to achieve the time-controlled multi-user search. Furthermore, it is designed to resist keywords guessing attack and support conjunctive keywords search. Compared with previous works which require a time server to generate a time seal for the generation of the search token, this model embeds the time information of accessing the encrypted database into public and secret key pairs of data users, which saves the managing overhead and reduces the security risks resulting from an extra server. In addition, most existing PEKS schemes were constructed based on the hardness of classical mathematical problems which can be broken by quantum computers. To address this issue, a lattice-based PEKS scheme based on the above model is proposed, which can be considered as the candidate for protecting multimedia data security in the quantum era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free market economy comes to the life of the people and creates the new structure of the work relationships between the investors and builders. One of the most important thing of the investment and construction project is the meeting of the target date. The delays in the implementation of this project entail the material and image losses. But the building is a complex process, many factors such as delivery delays, adverse weather conditions, the correcting of low quality works, machinery and mechanisms breakdowns influence on it. During the planning stage it is unknown which of these situations may arise in the implementation process and disrupt the work schedule. That is why building projects require the strongest time control. This article presents one of the best ways to control the building process, which is named Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Although there were mentioned other variations of the time control methods, such as Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) and method of the statistic modeling (Monte Carlo), the advantages of PERT and disadvantages of them are presented. It allows to control the expectancy of the erection and the probability of the project completion in time. This means that it allows manager to control the activity time of the project. The example of the PERT usage is represented with the comparison between the controlled project and the non-controlled project.

A strategy to find fair time controls for Armageddon chess games is presented and exemplified with 2750+ ELO players. The research was divided in two stages. The first one consisted in finding a time control for Stockfish 9 so that it played with an effective strength equal to the average 2750+ ELO players of the 2017 World Blitz Chess Championship. Analysis of this stage showed that a fair time control for an Armageddon game depends on the players' rating. In the second stage, another instance of Stockfish 9 with a different time control was paired as the black player to the engine with the time control found in the first stage as the white player. The new engine's time control was adjusted so that the expected result of Armageddon games between these two engines would be a draw. This game generation was done because there is a very small amount of Armageddon games in order to draw statistical conclusions out of them. The resulting time controls were found to be 180 ± 35 seconds for white and 110 ± 12.27 seconds for black plus a 2 ± 0.39 second increment per move, starting from move 1. Therefore, the ratio between the initial times for the black and white players is approximately 3 to 5, which is different from the normally implemented 4 to 5 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing an agricultural development project realized by a multiplicity of local actors, in particular NGOs, under the aegis of an international agency, the article studies the temporality of development in Palestine. Built around the idea of a prosperous future and based on economic rationality, the temporal conception of development consists of breaking with the past and entering into opposition with colonial temporality weighed down by uncertainties. It emphasizes the skills of the “professionals of development” and their ability to master time. By transforming uncertainty into a measurable risk, they adopt working methods that ignore the actual experiences of the actors and beneficiaries of the project. This temporal conception extends to cover the entire social space created by collective projects financed by donors: the world of development. Without making any reference to domination or the colonial situation, these projects trace the history of that world. Though it is perceived as truth by the “developers”, who have incorporated the meaning of development, it proves to be an illusion for those who conceive reality through the uncertainty that disrupts their daily lives.

Copyright of Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology is the property of Beijing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The vast majority of existing work on acoustic emission-based structural health monitoring is for geometrically simple structures with uninterrupted propagation path and constant wave speed. Realistic systems such as a full-scale fuselage, however, are built from interconnected pieces of acoustically mismatched parts such as sandwich core panels, stringer stiffened skin, and fastener holes. The geometric complexity and dynamic operating environment of realistic systems mean that the acoustic emission wave undergoes multiple reflections, refractions, and mode changes resulting in overlapped transducer outputs with no clear beginning and end. The objective of this paper is to outline the fundamental limitations of acoustic emission as applied to complex systems and present a new distributed data-centric acoustic emission sensing network for durability health monitoring and damage tolerance applications in large and complex systems. The study considers the case of a full-scale composite rotorcraft fuselage to introduce several new concepts on acoustic emission data acquisition time control for alleviating effects of wave distortion as well as methods for improving event location analysis in large quasi-isotropic materials. Methods for adaptive front-end signal processing and data volume control are presented. Despite the size and complexity of realistic full-scale systems and the acoustic emission data, we show that it is possible to locate damage with acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today information and communication technologies are used in most branches of human activity, including production, education, transport and personnel management, etc. One of the representatives of the software exists to fulfill the information needs of the users are information systems, the effectiveness of which directly depends on the completion and relevance of the information stored in them. They provide the usage of local or distributed databases for the storage and processing of the information in order to create an automated workplace for the employee and improve the efficiency of the company or institution. The article focuses on the notion of "information system", "automated workplace", are analyzed software products that allow to control the working time of the employees of the enterprise, are determined their advantages and main features. It is revealed that analyzed software differs in its functionality at the price, but they all allow management to increase the efficiency of the company by controlling the employees' working time. The article reports on the development of the information system for the analysis of the employees of the company, which in a certain way will allow to correct the personnel policy of the enterprise. The structure of the MySQL database, which is a part of the information system, describes the main modules of the electronic resource, gives a brief user's instruction. With the help of the information system, which operates in the administrator and user mode, you can enable / disable the employee's session, create employee’s tasks, monitor the process of their work, communicate through the built-in chat. Each employee can look at the number of hours he has made a job, change the status of the task or, in general, refuse it with an indication of the reason. As a tool for the development of the information system, the PHP 5.0 programming language and the MySQL 5.0 database management system were used. For the correct operation of the information system, an Apache web server version 1.3 must be installed. The system is unpretentious to the resources of the computer, has a simple and understandable interface. It can be installed on a local or remote server. The information system is in free access and is used with various forms of ownership. It can also be used by company employees to organize their own work in working time while creating software products on the principles of flexible software development methodology.

Paper-based microfluidic chips have shown great potential for use in rapid clinical diagnostics. In this work, we present a paper-based device that integrates an electromagnetically actuated valve and an adjustable time controller for the simultaneous detection of multiple tumor biomarkers. The time controller consists of a timing channel and two movable conductive iron bands that function as an electric switch. Once the conductive iron bands are connected by the fluid flow, the circuit would be closed to actuate the magnetic valve, initiating chemiluminiscent immunoassay (CLIA) reactions. Using a HRP- O -phenylenediamine-H 2 O 2 detection system, simultaneous detection of different concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) was demonstrated. The resulting CLIA peak intensity exhibited a good linear relationship with the logarithm of the CEA concentration from 0.1–80 ng mL −1 . Further experiments showed that the developed device was capable of detecting multiple tumor biomarkers simultaneously. We can program different incubation times for the detection of different biomarkers by moving the conductive bands on this paper-based device. In this study, only 16 min was required to complete CEA detection. This strategy greatly shortens detection time compared to the conventional chemiluminiscence technique for CEA detection (nearly 2 h). This paper-based device provides a simple and inexpensive platform for immunoassay-based detection of disease-related biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The control of cost and time in construction projects is one of the most important issues in construction since the emergence of the construction industry. A successful project should meet not only quality output standards, but also time and budget objectives. The management and control of cost and time in construction is fundamental in every project. An effective cost and time management and control technique for construction projects is important in managing risk of cost overrun and delay in completion of projects. Construction projects are becoming more complex as they now involve many stakeholders from different disciplines. The emergence of Building Information Model (BIM), an alternative technology is believed to solve issues related to project cost and time control as it efficiently increases collaboration between stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to review and summarise the causes of delay and cost overrun in construction industries, which are the main causes of disputes and abandonment of projects in the industry. It was found that delays and cost overrun eat deep into the industry and leave the construction industry with a bad image for decades even with rapid advancement in technology. The review of the applications of BIM showed that most of the applications are geared towards minimising construction cost and time spent on projects. This means that the use of BIM in the management of construction projects has great impact on project cost and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capillary-driven microfluidic devices can provide rapid on-site diagnostic results. It has gained more concerns over the years. Time-valve, which can provide enough reaction time for the target ligand and the test reagent, is an important module in the device. Traditional microfluidic valves usually have complicated and small line-width structures, which may limit their use in the mass production of the devices. Here, a comblike time-valve is presented. The valve comprises of a number of parallel comblike protrusions and interval channels. The time that the liquid takes to pass through the valve can be readily controlled by changing the number of the comblike protrusions. The effects of the valve's size parameters on flow time control have been studied. Results show that the valve can delay the liquid flow from several tens of seconds to several minutes, which will provide an accurate time control for the reaction between the target ligand and the test reagents. This time-valve has a simple structure with a minimal line-width above 100 μm. It can be readily fabricated and integrated onto a capillary-driven microfluidic device for mass production and quantitative diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]