Search

Background: The principal route of HIV infection in children is vertical transmission. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and predictors of positivity among HIV-exposed infants., Method: Institutions-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in South Gondar Public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia from December 2019 to November 2021. The data were taken from PMTCT logbooks and patient medical records, with death being the competing event. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and exported to STATA version 14 for final analysis. Both bivariable and multiple variable proportional subdistribution hazard analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value < 0.05 was level of significance., Result: A total of 469 exposed infant mother pairs records were included. The cumulative incidence rate at the end of the study period was 5.2 per 1000 person months (5.2; 95% CI: 3.4-8.0).Infants' absence of ARV prophylaxis at birth (aSHR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.33-10.48), Mothers with no PMTCT intervention (aSHR = 5.1; 95% CI: 1.83-14.03), home delivery (aSHR = 4.1; 95%CI: 1.46-11.63) and maternal disclosure of HIV status to partner/families (aSHR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.06-7.78) were predictors of HIV positivity., Conclusion: The study found that Infants' absence of ARV prophylaxis at birth, mothers without PMTCT intervention, home delivery and mothers who were not disclosing their HIV status to families were predictors of HIV positivity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Preterm birth remains the most significant clinical and public health encounter. Preterm infant outcomes pose key evidence for clinicians and policymakers and are extensively used to set clinical and policy verdicts to improve services. It is necessary to conduct the outcomes of neonates frequently, as it varies from place to place and even from time to time in a similar place. There is limited literature in Ethiopia about preterm neonates' outcomes and their predictors., Objective: This study aimed to assess the neonatal outcomes of preterm neonates and their predictors in South Gondar zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021., Methods: A prospective observational study was employed on 462 preterm neonates in South Gondar Zone Public Hospitals. The data were entered into Epidata 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 16/MP software. A parametric log-normal survival model was used to identify possible predictors for preterm neonate death. Statistical significance was declared at a P -value less than 0.05., Result: The overall preterm survival rate was 71.1% (95% CI: 66.7, 75.1). Thirty-six percent of preterm neonates were diagnosed with sepsis. One-fourth of the neonates had respiratory distress syndrome. Gestational age greater than 34 weeks (β = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.56), respiratory distress syndrome (β = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.22), body mass index (β = -1.34; 95% CI: -1.87, -0.80), non-union marital status (β = -0.71; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.09), multiple pregnancies (β = -0.66; 95% CI: -0.99-0.32), multiparous (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.69), hypothermia (β = -1.19; 95% CI: -1.76, -0.62), Kangaroo Mother Care (β = -1.9; 95% CI: -2.34, -1.41) and non-cephalic presentation (β = -1.23; 95% CI: -1.99,-0.46) were significant predictors., Conclusion: In this study, the preterm survival rate was low. Gestational age greater than 34 weeks, no respiratory distress syndrome, and multiparous mothers were positively associated with the survival of preterm neonates. Though, high pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, non-union marital status of mothers, multiple pregnancies, hypothermia, Kangaroo mother care is not given, and non-cephalic presentation were negatively associated. A significant focus should be given to implementing WHO recommendations on preventing and caring for preterm births., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The world was affected by the Coronavirus Disease in 2019. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, there is no study conducted on the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Coronavirus disease 2019 among Health care workers, specifically Nurses. This study aims to assess the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Coronavirus disease 2019 among Nurses who work in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. An Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 Nurses in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, From 1 June to 30 June 2020. For selecting the study participants after proportional allocation of study subjects to each hospital, simple random sampling techniques were to be used. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare association. Finally, the result is presented in the form of texts, tables, and graphs. Of 166 Nurses, 166 (100% response rate) responded to the online interview questionnaire. Of the participating 166 nurses, 57.2% were females and 42.8% were males; 41.6 % of the respondents were between the ages of 20 and 29 years. About 84.9 % had good knowledge and 63.3% favourable attitude of COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks can prevent one from acquiring infection by the COVID-19 virus. AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.005-0.362 were factors of knowledge about COVID-19, whereas, 'I strongly agree' Medical staff were ready to participate in anti-epidemic in the community, AOR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.003-1.76 were factors of attitude about COVID-19. Where factors of attitude about COVID-19. In this study, most of the nurses had good knowledge and a favourable attitude regarding of COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks that can prevent one from acquiring infection by the COVID-19 virus were factors in association with the knowledge of nurses on COVID-19. Similarly, Medical staff were ready to participate in anti-epidemic community factors associated with the attitudes of nurses on COVID-19., (© 2021 The Author(s).)