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OBJECTIVES: Pneumonia hospitalization studies using administrative claims rely on pneumonia coded in the first discharge diagnosis field over pneumonia in any coded field, and few have evaluated disposition following discharge. This study reports the total disease burden and discharge disposition among patients with pneumonia coded in any diagnosis field. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database review. METHODS: Data from the 2014 National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, a population- weighted, 20% sample of all US community hospitalizations, were analyzed for all pneumonia hospitalizations in adults aged 18 to 64 years and 65 years or older. Number of hospitalizations, hospital stay length, direct medical costs, in-hospital mortality, patient discharge disposition, illness severity, and likelihood of dying were evaluated based on the diagnosis field of pneumonia as a discharge diagnosis (eg, first, second, third, or further). RESULTS: In 2014, an estimated 2.4 million US adult hospitalizations were associated with pneumonia in any of the discharge diagnosis positions (33%-35% in first, 33%-36% in second, and 29%-34% in further positions). When estimates were based only on hospitalizations with pneumonia in the first diagnosis field, approximately 66% of hospitalizations, 78% of hospital days, 87% of in-hospital deaths, 76% and 73% of transfers to short-term hospitals and skilled nursing facilities, 68% of discharges with home health care services, and 82% of direct medical costs were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia hospitalizations were associated with substantial health care resource utilization and in-hospital mortality. Relying only on pneumonia in the first hospital diagnosis field may potentially underestimate the burden associated with pneumonia hospitalizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]