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Background and Aim: Coat color is a phenotypic trait that is affected by many functional genes. In addition, coat color is an important characteristic of breeds in livestock. This study aimed to determine functional genes for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle in Indonesia using a genome-wide association study method. Materials and Methods: A bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 50K BeadChip was used for the investigation. A total of 46 Sumatran native cattle of three colors as follows: Brown (36 animals), white (9 animals), and black (1 animal), were used as experimental animals. Results: Results showed that the SNP markers ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486 (p = 2.46 × 10-7) and BTB-01992588 (p = 1.06 × 10-5) were selected as two genetic markers for coat color variation in animals under study, which were located at the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) gene at BTA7 and small G protein signaling modulator 1(SGSM1) genes at BTA17, respectively. The polymorphic informative content values of both SNP markers were 0.33 (ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486) and 0.13 (BTB-01992588). In this study, a genetic marker for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle was obtained based on the haplotypes of both SNP markers. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CYFIP2 and SGSM1 are two coloration genes that affect the phenotype characteristics of Sumatran native cattle.

Pegagan leaf (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) is a plant that contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins that function as antibacterials. Pegagan leaf is combined with activated charcoal powder, which has the job of absorbing facial oil, so that it is formulated in the form of a peel off mask to produce a synergistic effect. This study aims to formulate, evaluate, and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the peel-off mask preparation of pegagan leaf extract at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. This study uses an experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements and testing antibacterial activity with the disc method on the peel off mask preparation. The results were evaluated for 28 days, and the results of the organoleptic test were stable, homogeneity stable, pH (5.6–6.2), dry time (16–25 minutes), dispersion (6.1-6.4 cm), and irritation (2 respondents). The effectiveness test against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes has inhibitory power of 12.3 mm in the strong category. So, it can be concluded that the peel off mask produced has stable physical characteristics and can be used as an antibacterial mask.

This study empirically analyses the role of Islamic financial inclusion in overcoming poverty, income inequality, and human development problems by employing yearly panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2014 to 2022. The results show that, except Aceh and DKI Jakarta, all provinces in Indonesia have low Islamic Financial Inclusion Index (IFII). Our analysis reveals that Islamic financial inclusion exerts significant roles in poverty reduction and human development improvement, while it is insignificantly related to income inequality. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the effect on human development of financial inclusion is further strengthened. We further note that the effects of Islamic financial inclusion depends on the levels of Human Development Index (HDI), where poverty reduction and human development improvement are apparent only in provinces with high and very high HDI.

This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa). Jengkol peel ethanol extract (Pithecellobium jiringa) was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol as a solvent. In the phytochemical screening test it was found that chemical compounds contained in jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa) including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was tested using the 35 ppm DPPH method. The test results on the ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 209.45 µg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract was tested by the BSLT method using shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L.). The results showed that the ethanol extract of jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa) has cytotoxic activity with LC50 value minimum of 17.875 mg/L and LC50 a maximum of 360.714 mg/L with an average of 180.136 mg/L.

Electronic student worksheets (e-worksheet) are needed as alternative teaching materials in learning. This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of e-worksheet based on Search Solve Create and Share (SSCS) Islamic context to improve science process skills on class XI excretory system material that is worthy of the results of validity, responses of students and biology teachers. This research was conducted at MAN 1 Bogor. The research model used is a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), but in research only to the development stage (Develop). The e-worksheet teaching materials developed are tested for validity. The results of validity tests by design and media experts obtained 89% in the very decent category, material expert assessments obtained 84% in the very feasible categories, and expert assessments of Islamic religious education obtained 100% in the very feasible categories. The results of student responses obtained percentages of 89% in limited trials and 89.7% in expanded trials. Based on the findings of the research results, it can be concluded that E e-worksheet based on Search Solve, Create and Share (SSCS), an Islamic context to improve science process skills on the excretory system material developed, is very feasible to be used and applied to biology learning.

Potatoes are of the utmost importance for both food processing and daily consumption; however, they are also prone to pests and diseases, which can cause significant economic losses. To address this issue, the implementation of image processing and computer vision methods in conjunction with machine learning and deep learning techniques can serve as an alternative approach for quickly identifying diseases in potato leaves. Several studies have demonstrated promising results. However, the current research is limited by the use of a single dataset, the PlantVillage dataset, which may not accurately represent the diverse conditions of potato pests and diseases in real-world settings. Therefore, a new dataset that accurately depicts various types of diseases is crucial. We propose a novel dataset that offers several advantages over previous datasets, including data obtained in an uncontrolled environment that results in a diverse range of variables such as background and image angles. The proposed dataset comprises 3076 images categorized into seven classes, including leaves attacked by viruses, bacteria, fungi, pests, nematodes, phytophthora, and healthy leaves. This dataset aims to provide a more accurate representation of potato leaf diseases and facilitate advancements in the current research on potato leaf disease identification.

This research merges individual self-reported physical-activity data from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with data on Indonesian cities’ and municipalities’ built environments and employs cross-sectional multilevel regression to disentangle the relevant factors that affect individual incentives to engage in physical activity. The results suggest that high-density settings and land-use diversity in Indonesian urban settings adversely affect the incentive to engage in physical activity. Our finding reflects the common case of developing countries where the main problem arises from insufficient urban planning, which further results in other issues such as conventional land use and low-level safety and security. Thus, the result implies the urgency to improve built-environment planning in Indonesia to create a more supportive living environment that encourages residents to be more physically active, hence creating a healthier society.

Talking about a child's education at school is the responsibility of parents, as parents need to pay attention to the provision of their first education when they were young, especially sex education for children at the age of middle age, sex education is very important to support their curiosity against the opposite sex at school. Where at their age there is a sense of liking and liking and sharing stories from one another and until finally a closeness arises between girls and boys, this needs to be owned and understood by all parents to fulfill their child's education. Sex education in schools is still a polemic at this time, there are still many parents who have taboo thoughts on sex education that tbe given to their children. Therefore, sex is naturally a task of adolescent development, it should be accompanied by the fulfillment of good sexual education. Islam considers sex as a sacred thing, the nature of every human being and even as a means of getting closer to Allah. Objectives Sexual education aims to teach about reproductive health organs, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS, pregnancy, and contraceptives that can be used. Sexual education can also prevent acts of sexual violence, rape, sex outside of marriage, and also marriage at an early age. The method used in this research is qualitative based on data collection from books and magazines and is supported by field research to strengthen the theoretical results of existing expert opinions by linking them to practice in the field. The results obtained in this study which was carried out at SMAN 2 Karawang made many benefits, especially for teenagers and also the role of parents at home and the school to be more careful in maintaining and educating their children when entering adolescence by providing an understanding of the importance of sex education for children. himself and his future.

One of the most important tasks in the Emergency Department (ED) is to promptly identify the patients who will benefit from hospital admission. Machine Learning (ML) techniques show promise as diagnostic aids in healthcare.

Misalkan G = (V, E) graf terhubung dan c suatu k-pewarnaan dari G. Kelas warna pada G adalah himpunan titik-titik yang berwarna i, dinotasikan dengan S_(i) untuk 1≤i≤k. Misalkan Π adalah suatu partisi terurut dari V(G) kedalam kelas-kelas warna yang saling bebas S_1,S_2, ...,S_k, dengan titik-titik di S_i diberi warna i, 1≤i≤k. Jarak suatu titik v ke S_i dinotasikan dengan (v,C_i) adalah min {d(v,x)|x S_i}. Kode warna dari suatu titik v V didefinisikan sebagai k-vektor yaitu: (v)=(d(v,S_(1)), d(v,S_(2)), ...,d(v,S_(k))) dimana d(v,S_(i)) = min {d(v,x)|x S_i}. untuk 1≤i≤k . Jika setiap titik yang berbeda di G memiliki kode warna yang berbeda untuk suatu Π maka disebut pewarnaan lokasi untuk G. Jumlah warna minimum yang digunakan pada pewarnaan lokasi dari graf G disebut bilangan kromatik lokasi untuk G, dinotasikan dengan (G). Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas bilangan kromatik lokasi graf lobster L_(n,m,1) untuk 6≤m≤16 dan n=2,3,4.

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The purpose of this study was to comply with the differences in the level of fear of COVID-19 between men and women in Indonesia. This research method is quantitative. The number of participants in this study was 131 people (59 men and 71 women). The criteria in this study were Indonesians who wanted to participate in this research and complete all of the existing questionnaires. This research uses the Fear of COVID-19 Scale instrument with 7 question items that have been translated into Indonesian. Testing the data using the independent t-test to see differences in the level of fear between genders. The results of this study are that women tend to experience more fear due to COVID-19 than men. Women feel traumatized and stressed by the presence of COVID-19. COVID-19 makes women's mood low and feels hyper-arousal.

Plants undergo a simultaneous interaction with numerous environmental stresses in the ever-changing climate, making sustainable crop production for the increased global population more challenging [...]

This research examined Covid-19 from the perspective of legal and health protection by regional governments. Generally, regional governments are at the front line in protecting communities in this autonomy era due to their constitutional obligations. Data also shows that the creative economy actors in the micro, small, and medium business sector constitute over 90% of the workforce, necessitating their protection. This research used empirical-juridical research with an interdisciplinary approach examined the legislation and the community's reality. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with relevant stakeholders and creative economy business actors in Surakarta, Bandung, and Madiun cities. Furthermore, concepts of legal, health, and economic theories were reviewed to formulate a regional government policy draft regarding these business actors during the Covid-19 emergency. The results showed an existing form of legal protection regulation related to health and the economy at the national level. However, three big cities (Bandung, Madiun, and Surakarta) representing three provinces as research objects are yet to provide regional regulations concerning protection for creative economy actors, though the local government has encouraged an increase in their activities

Greywater is household waste sourced from kitchens and bathrooms, except for toilets. Around 58%-85% of greywater can be generated from the total volume of household wastewater per house. It is necessary to treat wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies to prevent the adverse effects of contaminants on the environment and human health while reducing the demand for clean water. However, due to environmentally friendly, socially sustainable, and economical treatment costs, considering that greywater is produced every day and continuously, Multi Soil Layering (MSL) technology can be an alternative to remove contaminants in water. Thus, this study aims to determine the migration of COD in greywater using MSL technology. Other parameters tested were pH and temperature by taking samples of wastewater in residential areas of Semarang City. In this study, there are two stages, namely the preliminary stage and the running stage. The MSL system will use three reactors with andosol soil, apus bamboo, and coconut shell activated charcoal as mixed soil blocks (SMB). Reactor A (activated charcoal and andosol soil), reactor B (bamboo apus and andosol soil), reactor C (andosol soil, bamboo apus, activated charcoal). The results of domestic wastewater treatment using the MSL method in each of the three reactors could remove COD by 75%, 74%, and 76%. Reactor C obtained the highest COD removal efficiency compared to other reactors.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) leaf ethanol extract on L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. We randomly divided twenty-five Wistar rats into five groups. The sham group was given a PBS injection. The hypertensive group was injected with L-NAME on days 1 to 28. Three groups of hypertensive rats were given the extract on days 4 to 28. Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method on days 0, 4, 10, and 27. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the blood were measured by flow cytometry as a percentage of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45+) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45-). Serum NO and MDA levels, as well as serum SOD activity, were measured colorimetrically. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by the ELISA method. The ciplukan leaf extract reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduced the percentage of EPCs in the blood, increased serum NO levels, reduced MDA levels, increased serum SOD activity, and reduced serum TNF-α levels in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. It is concluded that ciplukan ethanol leaf extract exerts protective effects on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. These study results can strengthen the scientific basis of using ciplukan leaf ethanol extract to treat hypertension.

This study aims to describe PAI learning in mentally retarded children in growing religious dimensions and independent character, analyze the results achieved, and the problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive with a religious psychology approach. The research is located at SLB Yapenas Condongcatur Yogyakarta. Data collection using passive participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of the study are PAI learning focuses on teaching morals, prayer, the Qur’an, and basic material. The result achieved in PAI learning related to religious dimensions and independent character vary depending on the child’s understanding obility. Meanwhile, the problem is that PAI learning is still taught by their respective group teachers; a sense of laziness and lack of enthusiasm for students; and lack of parental support

This research aims to analyze the effect of Online Brand Community (OBC) on E-loyalty in the Indonesian e-commerce industry. This research was conducted by quantitative approach with the dependent variable of this research being e-loyalty (Y), and online brand community (X) as independent variable. The object includes all followers of Tokopedia, Bukalapak and OLX official Instagram accounts. The research uses a simple random sampling method and probability sampling techniques to 200 account users. Data analysis technique is implemented by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with IBM SPSS AMOS version 22.0. The findings indicate the significant effect of online brand community on e-loyalty. The results theoretically imply the need for community engagement in online marketing as one of the online brand community’s dimensions which can give the contribution of e-loyalty building.

Waste disposal problems have attracted scientists around the world to explore the use of renewable resources to produce biodegradable films and coatings. Indonesia has diverse renewable resources of biopolymers that originated from seaweeds such as carrageenan, agar, and alginate. Carrageenan is considered as a potential biopolymer for edible film manufacture due to its characteristic range. This study aimed to develop carrageenan-based edible film using alginate and polyethylene glycol as plasticizers. Edible film made from k-carrageenan with the addition of alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizers was tested for its mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and water solubility. Blending k-carrageenan with alginate (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% w/v) increased tensile strength, thickness, and water solubility, but reduced elongation at break, WVTR, and moisture content. The addition of PEG (1%, 2%, and 3% w/v) reduced tensile strength and water solubility, but increased elongation at break, thickness, and moisture content. This study recommended that the best carrageenan-based edible film was obtained from a formula using 1% alginate (w/v) and 1% PEG (w/v).

The purpose of this development research is to create a self-efficacy instrument to assist students learning mathematics that is valid, practical, and reliable. A self-efficacy questionnaire is the format of the instrument that was created. The main driving force behind this research is the scarcity of empirically validated self-efficacy surveys for studying mathematics in different parts of Indonesia. Students' self-efficacy is important since it affects how well they learn. This research used the ADDIE development technique as its methodology, comprising five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Readability, validity, and reliability tests were used to test the data empirically and theoretically through expert evaluation. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were done on the data; expert validation results and readability test results were subjected to a qualitative analysis, while validity and reliability test results were subjected to a quantitative analysis. Students from different schools in Indonesia took the quantitative test. At least ten times as many statements were included in the sample size that was used. 36 statement items were originally developed throughout the development phase; however, item 33 was split into two distinct statements, resulting in 37 questionnaire items that represent students' self-efficacy in learning mathematics. This designed questionnaire can be used to evaluate Indonesian students' self-efficacy in learning mathematics at the junior and senior high school levels.

The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves. Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L.) is a plant that has the potential as an antioxidant because it contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. In this study, antioxidant activity was tested by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for free radical scavenging activity assay. Evaluation of total phenolic content was tested by using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves possess showed medium antioxidant activity with IC50 valueof 221.821 compare with reference standard ascorbic acid with IC50 value 68.25 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves has a total phenolic content of 161.101 mg GAE/g. This study provided that Blumea balsamifera leaves possess antioxidant.

Based on the preliminary studies at SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan, it was found that the lack of interest and motivation caused the students less active in the learning process. In addition, the teacher’s teaching model and media were not appropriate, especially within human circulatory system material that made the student learning outcomes still under the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). This study aims at figuring out the effectiveness of Discovery Learning Model Plus Pictures on students’ cognitives at class XI students of SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan.This is an experimental research with the population class XI 2017/2018 academic year. The sampling method uses purposive sampling; class XI IPA1 as experimental class, and class XI IPA3 as control class. The instrument used in cognitive assessment is the final test with multuple choices. Based on the results of the study, the cognitive results of the experimental class were 81.05 and the control class was 77.39. From this study, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning learning model plus images influences the cognitive of class XI students of SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan

Suatu aliran sungai menentukan prediksi debit sungai sulit, biasanya nilai yang digunakan sebagai patokan adalah hasil pantauan tinggi muka air. Pada bulan Juli 2016, luapan sungai Bengawan Solo mengakibatkan banjir di kawasan Solo Timur. Hal ini disebabkan karena tinggi muka air pada pos pemantauan Jurug menembus level 10. Oleh karena itu prediksi nilai tinggi muka air diperlukan sebagai upaya peringatan dini banjir. Pengukuran tinggi muka air sungai Bengawan Solo pada setiap pos pemantauan dilakukan setiap hari. Data tinggi muka air merupakan data runtun waktu. Salah satu metode peramalan data runtun waktu adalah Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), model ini memiliki asumsi homoskedastisitas atau variansi eror tetap. Tetapi apabila variansi eror berubah-ubah maka model yang digunakan adalah model Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). Penelitian ini menggunakan 60 data dari bulan Januari – Februari 2017. Data tersebut terbukti stasioner berdasarkan nilai ADF 0,0036, oleh karena itu model ARIMA dapat digunakan. Berdasarkan pola korelogram, ACF dan PACF terpotong setelah lag pertama, hal ini menunjukan tinggi muka air sungai periode tersebut dapat dimodelkan dengan AR(1), ARMA (1,1), dan ARIMA(1,1,1).Berdasarkan perbandingan nilai MAPE ketiga model nilai terendah adalah model ARMA(1,1), yaitu 0,668384 yang artinya tingkat kesalahan terhadap prediksi model ARMA(1,1) adalah 66,8384%. Begitu hal nya dengan nilai MSE ketiga model, nilai terendah pada model ARMA(1,1) yaitu 0,7729 artinya memiliki variansi model yang lebih kecil, mampu memberikan hasil yang lebih konsisten dibandingkan model AR(1) dan ARIMA(1,1,1) yaitu 1,060288 dan 0,996585.

Bank run is an important economic phenomenon which increasingly occurred in in modern banking system and potentially threatened banking stability as it could trigger a banking crisis. However, most studies related to bank run focus on the occurrence of bank run in conventional banking system. Very few of them discuss the bank run phenomenon under Islamic banking system or dual banking system where Islamic banks jointly operating with conventional banks. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the determinants of bank run in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry by employing primary data from 256 customers of Indonesia Islamic banks in 2015 and by utilizing factor analysis and descriptive statistics. In theory, Islamic banks tend to be more resilient towards any macroeconomic or financial shocks as compared to conventional banks due to the nature of its asset-based and risk-sharing arrangement. However, the result exhibits that both psychological and fundamental factors (i.e. macroeconomics and bank fundamentals) strongly influence the behaviors of Islamic banking depositors to withdraw their funds, which might trigger the occurrence of bank runs in the country. Insider information, macroeconomic condition and bank fundamental factors are also shown to have the highest impacts among all variables. Hence, in the context of banking stability, the finding implies that Islamic banks are not completely immune to the impacts of macroeconomic shocks or financial crisis. As a country with a dual banking system, Indonesia had experienced several bank runs since 1990s. Therefore, the findings of the study should provide the policy makers important insight into research based-policy in order to attain financial stability as one of the main economic goals of the country. Keywords: Bank run, Islamic bank, Factor analysis, Indonesia JEL Classification: C83, G21, G28

Lineage transitions are a central feature of prostate development, tumourigenesis and treatment resistance. While epigenetic changes are well known to drive prostate lineage transitions, it remains unclear how upstream metabolic signalling contributes to the regulation of prostate epithelial identity. To fill this gap, we developed an approach to perform metabolomics on primary prostate epithelial cells. Using this approach, we discovered that the basal and luminal cells of the prostate exhibit distinct metabolomes and nutrient utilization patterns. Furthermore, basal-to-luminal differentiation is accompanied by increased pyruvate oxidation. We establish the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and subsequent lactate accumulation as regulators of prostate luminal identity. Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier or supplementation with exogenous lactate results in large-scale chromatin remodelling, influencing both lineage-specific transcription factors and response to antiandrogen treatment. These results establish reciprocal regulation of metabolism and prostate epithelial lineage identity.

Senior High school and vocational high school in Central Java, which many school have a Japanese language, have a distinction of the course curriculum held. It happened due to the Indonesian education curriculum often changes. And at this moment, there are two valid curriculum in Indonesia, namely the Curriculum KTSP and Curriculum 2013. Curriculum 2013 enacted to replace the existing curriculum KTSP. However, because there are still problems in the readiness of the book, the assessment system, upgrading of teachers, assistant teachers and training of school principals who are not evenly distributed, Curriculum 2013 eventually dismissed. But for schools that became the main school in there town, who have applied in curriculum 2013 still applied that. The schools are used as school curriculum development and pilot implementation in curriculum 2013. Based on preliminary studies through observation that the author did in July 2015 in ten high school in Central Java, Â the authors chose SMA Negeri 16 Semarang (Curriculum KTSP) and SMA 1 Semarang (Curriculum 2013) as the sample for this research. The purpose of this research was to determine differences in teaching Japanese language to implement Curriculum KTSP and Curriculum 2013. In this study, the research approach used is qualitative descriptive approach, because in this study the authors will describe data from observations and interviews. Equation Curriculum KTSP and Curriculum 2013 is at the initial stage, they begin learning with a greeting, checking student attendance, fukushuu or repeat material that has past, aperspsi and deliver the learning objectives. At the end of the lesson both shut learning by doing review and conclude learning. Differences between the KTSP Curriculum and Curriculum 2013 is on core activities. Curriculum KTSP uses three stages of exploration, elaboration and confirmation. While on Curriculum 2013 using five stages: to observe, ask, try, associate / reasoning and communicating or commonly known as 5M in Indonesian teacher due.

Natural resources play as vital inputs for economic activities, mainly in developing countries. However, massive use of natural resources puts more pressure on the environment and as the result, the quality of environment is deteriorating. The body of economic literature have shown that income is associated with harm to the natural environment. The relationship between income and degradation of the environment is known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Previous studies of EKC hypothesis in Indonesia are still limited and the results are inconclusive due to different results. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a new insight of the existence of EKC in Indonesia using different method. Most of previous studies of EKC in Indonesia employ Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, while this study uses data panel regression method from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2018. The result confirms the existence of EKC hypothesis in Indonesia. This study also estimates the turning point, a level of income that starts give positive impact on the environment. This result gives new insight to the existing literature. The policy implication for policymakers are straightforward, i.e. improve wealth of the society through higher income for the protection of the environment.

Aim: to evaluate the diagnostic value of an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) method, T-SPOT.TB, in the diagnosis of pleural TB using pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC). Methods: forty-eight subjects, presumed to have pleural TB with exudative pleural effusion by Light’s criteria, dominated by mononuclear cells, had their pleural fluid specimen tested with T-SPOT.TB, Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) culture, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. Other causes of pleural effusion such as heart failure, renal failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and malignancy were excluded. Results: the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the IGRA ELISPOT assay using PFMC for the diagnosis of pleural TB were 100%, 88.89%, 97.5%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: IGRA with ELISPOT method performed on PFMC is useful for a rapid and reliable diagnosis of pleural TB in clinical practice, especially in area with high TB burden.

A 24-year-old Black woman from South Africa sought care at a local primary-level clinic in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, reporting a painless nasal mass of 3 years duration that caused [...]