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The paper presents the results of a survey on lexicographic practices and lexicographers’ needs across Europe that was conducted in the context of the Horizon 2020 project European Lexicographic Infrastructure (ELEXIS) among the observer institutions of the project. The survey is a revised and upgraded version of the survey which was originally conducted among ELEXIS lexicographic partner institutions in 2018 (Kallas et al. 2019a). The main goal of this new survey was to complement the data from the ELEXIS lexicographic partner institutions in order to get a more complete picture of lexicographic practices both for born digital and retro digitised resources in Europe. The results offer a detailed insight into many aspects of the lexicographic process at European institutions, such as funding, training, staff, lexicographic expertise, software and tools. In addition, the survey reflects on current trends in lexicography and reveals what institutions see as the most important emerging trends that will affect lexicography in the short term and long term future. Overall, the results provide valuable input informing the development of tools, resources, guidelines and training materials within ELEXIS.

In this paper, we describe ongoing work on the identification and definition of core lexicographic elements to be used in the ELEXIS data model. ELEXIS is a European infrastructure project fostering cooperation and information exchange among lexicographical research communities. One of the main goals of ELEXIS is to make existing lexicographic resources available on a significantly higher level than is currently the case. Therefore, a common data model is being developed which aims to: a) streamline the integration of lexicographic data into the infrastructure (using the ELEXIFIER tool), b) enable reliable linking of the data in the ELEXIS Dictionary Matrix, and c) provide a basic template for the creation of new lexicographic resources, such that they can automatically benefit from the tools and services provided by the ELEXIS infrastructure. Here we focus on the development of a common vocabulary and report on the results of an initial survey that was conducted to collect feedback from experts in lexicography.

Aligning senses across resources and languages is a challenging task with beneficial applications in the field of natural language processing and electronic lexicography. In this paper, we describe our efforts in manually aligning monolingual dictionaries. The alignment is carried out at sense-level for various resources in 15 languages. Moreover, senses are annotated with possible semantic relationships such as broadness, narrowness, relatedness, and equivalence. In comparison to previous datasets for this task, this dataset covers a wide range of languages and resources and focuses on the more challenging task of linking general-purpose language. We believe that our data will pave the way for further advances in alignment and evaluation of word senses by creating new solutions, particularly those notoriously requiring data such as neural networks. Our resources are publicly available at https://github.com/elexis-eu/MWSA.

A single abstract from the DHd-2018 Book of Abstracts., Sofern eine editorische Arbeit an dieser Publikation stattgefunden hat, dann bestand diese aus der Eliminierung von Bindestrichen in Überschriften, die aufgrund fehlerhafter Silbentrennung entstanden sind, der Vereinheitlichung von Namen der Autor*innen in das Schema "Nachname, Vorname" und/oder der Trennung von Überschrift und Unterüberschrift durch die Setzung eines Punktes, sofern notwendig., {"references":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3684897","https://github.com/DHd-Verband/DHd-Abstracts-2018"]}

The INL-DWS is a Dictionary Writing System (DWS) for compiling monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. It has been developed at the Institute of Dutch Lexicology (INL) since 2007 and is now being used for the production of a monolingual dictionary at INL and a bilingual dictionary at the Fryske Akademy. This paper describes the functionalities of the system, on the one hand, from a lexicographical point of view, and on the other hand, from a more technical perspective. The paper concludes with a short evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of in-house systems versus off-the-shelf systems.

The paper presents the results of a survey on lexicographic practices and lexicographers’ needs across Europe (and beyond) both for born-digital and retrodigitized resources. The survey was conducted during the period from 11 July to 1 October 2018 in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ELEXIS (European Lexicographic Infrastructure). The survey was completed by 159 respondents from a total of 45 countries, comprising 36 European countries and nine countries outside Europe. Looking in detail at the results of the survey, the paper focusses on determining what constitutes a job description of a modern lexicographer, including the training needed. One of more notable findings is that lexicographic training is still in most cases provided by the employer rather than obtained through formal education programmes. Furthermore, a list of various dictionary-writing systems and corpus-query systems is provided, including their features currently most often used by lexicographers. Accompanying this is information about the features lexicographer want or need in their tools. Also, the paper offers insights into current trends in lexicography and what lexicographers see as the most important emerging trends that will affect lexicography in the future. Overall, these results provide a detailed insight into what is needed in terms of tools and training and thus feed back into the ELEXIS project and will help to fine-tune resources within ELEXIS.

The paper presents the results of a survey on lexicographic practices and lexicographers’ needs across Europe (and beyond) both for born-digital and retrodigitized resources. The survey was conducted during the period from 11 July to 1 October 2018 in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ELEXIS (European Lexicographic Infrastructure). The survey was completed by 159 respondents from a total of 45 countries, comprising 36 European countries and nine countries outside Europe. Looking in detail at the results of the survey, the paper focusses on determining what constitutes a job description of a modern lexicographer, including the training needed. One of more notable findings is that lexicographic training is still in most cases provided by the employer rather than obtained through formal education programmes. Furthermore, a list of various dictionary-writing systems and corpus-query systems is provided, including their features currently most often used by lexicographers. Accompanying this is information about the features lexicographer want or need in their tools. Also, the paper offers insights into current trends in lexicography and what lexicographers see as the most important emerging trends that will affect lexicography in the future. Overall, these results provide a detailed insight into what is needed in terms of tools and training and thus feed back into the ELEXIS project and will help to fine-tune resources within ELEXIS.

The paper presents the results of a survey on lexicographic practices and lexicographers’ needs across Europe (and beyond) both for born-digital and retrodigitized resources. The survey was conducted during the period from 11 July to 1 October 2018 in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ELEXIS (European Lexicographic Infrastructure). The survey was completed by 159 respondents from a total of 45 countries, comprising 36 European countries and nine countries outside Europe. Looking in detail at the results of the survey, the paper focusses on determining what constitutes a job description of a modern lexicographer, including the training needed. One of more notable findings is that lexicographic training is still in most cases provided by the employer rather than obtained through formal education programmes. Furthermore, a list of various dictionary-writing systems and corpus-query systems is provided, including their features currently most often used by lexicographers. Accompanying this is information about the features lexicographer want or need in their tools. Also, the paper offers insights into current trends in lexicography and what lexicographers see as the most important emerging trends that will affect lexicography in the future. Overall, these results provide a detailed insight into what is needed in terms of tools and training and thus feed back into the ELEXIS project and will help to fine-tune resources within ELEXIS.

The paper presents the results of a survey on lexicographic practices and lexicographers’ needs across Europe (and beyond) both for born-digital and retrodigitized resources. The survey was conducted during the period from 11 July to 1 October 2018 in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ELEXIS (European Lexicographic Infrastructure). The survey was completed by 159 respondents from a total of 45 countries, comprising 36 European countries and nine countries outside Europe. Looking in detail at the results of the survey, the paper focusses on determining what constitutes a job description of a modern lexicographer, including the training needed. One of more notable findings is that lexicographic training is still in most cases provided by the employer rather than obtained through formal education programmes. Furthermore, a list of various dictionary-writing systems and corpus-query systems is provided, including their features currently most often used by lexicographers. Accompanying this is information about the features lexicographer want or need in their tools. Also, the paper offers insights into current trends in lexicography and what lexicographers see as the most important emerging trends that will affect lexicography in the future. Overall, these results provide a detailed insight into what is needed in terms of tools and training and thus feed back into the ELEXIS project and will help to fine-tune resources within ELEXIS.

This paper describes the automatic construction of FinnMWE: a lexicon of Finnish Multi-Word Expressions (MWEs). In focus here are syntactic frames: verbal constructions with arguments in a particular morphological form. The verbal frames are automatically extracted from FinnWordNet and English Wiktionary. The resulting lexicon interoperates with dependency tree searching software so that instances can be quickly found within dependency treebanks. The extraction and enrichment process is explained in detail. The resulting resource is evaluated in terms of its coverage of different types of MWEs. It is also compared with and evaluated against Finnish PropBank. peerReviewed

Traditional lexicography requires titanic efforts and enormous resources. For many languages, such resources have never been available. As a result, they have received only limited lexicographic coverage. Today, these languages can take advantage of many of the same digital tools and strategies that have simplified and expedited dictionary-making for mainstream languages. However, the resource gap remains evident even in the digital era, with basic corpus processing tasks that lie at the foundation of contemporary ‘smart lexicography’ still constituting a challenge for many under-resourced languages. Drawing on my own experience in Sanskrit and Tibetan lexicography, this paper aims to offer some guidance as to the advantages and limitations of the application of smart lexicography to under-resourced languages. In particular, this paper suggests that in order to optimize resources, it may be advisable to prioritize high-quality lexical annotation of the corpus over highly curated dictionary entries, and to let digital tools take care of the lexicographic representation of the annotated linguistic information.

This paper discusses some theoretical and practical implications arising from the development of the Dicionário Olímpico (2016), created by the SemanTec (Semantics & Technology) research group. The Dicionário Olímpico (available at http://www.dicionarioolimpico.com.br/) is a bilingual lexicographic resource (Portuguese-English) which describes the lexicon of 40 Olympic sports. The dictionary is based on the theoretical-methodological framework of Frame Semantics, developed by Charles J. Fillmore. The paper brings some background to the Dicionário Olímpico’s methodological approach. In addition, it describes the lexicographical structure of the resource and the way frame-semantic features were incorporated and adapted in this context. Finally, it explores two kinds of challenges faced by the project: the identification and description of semantic frames, and the design of a template for frame definitions. These stages of development have included some adaptations of frame-semantic concepts with the purpose of building a user-friendly, frame-based dictionary. Such challenges have enriched the lexicographic work and impacted subsequent projects that are yet to be developed by the authors.

The paper will discuss the central issues concerning lexicographic descriptions of synsemantic words, with special regard to those with multiple syntactic and pragmatic functions. This topic will be exemplified through a description of a representative example, the Croatian lexeme dakle (Eng. well, now ; consequently ; accordingly, so, then, therefore, thus). We will focus on the shortcomings of lexicographic descriptions of such words in four contemporary monolingual dictionaries of the Croatian (standard) language. We pay particular attention to the inconsistent part of speech classification in these dictionaries, as well as to the type and content of their definitions, which generally do not take into account multiple syntactic and pragmatic functions of the word. This paper will analyse the functions and the use of lexeme dakle, an analysis based on language material extracted from the Croatian web corpus hrWaC, and processed by two independent annotators. We have attained fair agreement between annotators for the first task of determining the (supra)syntactic function (Cohen’s κ is 0.4332), and poor agreement for the second task of determining the semantic- pragmatic function (Cohen’s κ is 0.2908). Ultimately, the data collected, when compared to dictionary content, can serve as a starting point for a general discussion of an adequate methodology for lexicographic description of polyfunctional synsemantic words.