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Identifying the evolutionary patterns and drivers of regional water use is a prerequisite for achieving the strictest water resource management system. This study used the Tapio-LMDI model to analyze the decoupling state and driving factors between economic development and production water use in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2020. The results show that: (1) From the evolution of the water use structure, the total water use in Jiangsu Province shows a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2020. Among them, the production water use decreased by 9.59%. From the characteristics of economic development (constant prices), the growth of Jiangsu’s gross regional product (GDP) from 2004 to 2020 reached 363%. (2) In terms of the decoupling status, economic development and production water use in Jiangsu Province underwent a “weak decoupling—strongly decoupling” transition and achieved “strongly decoupling” in 2020, with a decoupling elasticity coefficient of −2.30. (3) From the perspective of the decoupling drivers, the reduction in production effects has contributed to the decoupling between economic growth and water use in Jiangsu Province. By sector, the decline in the water use intensity effect and the industrial structure effect in the primary and secondary sectors were the main reason for the decline in its water use, while the increase in the industrial structure effect and economic scale effect of the tertiary sector has effectively contributed to the increase in water use in the tertiary sector. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the water use efficiency of the primary and secondary sectors, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the tertiary sector, and realize a “strongly decoupling” pattern between economic development and production water use in Jiangsu Province.

For multiplex beams of orbital angular momentum (OAM), we propose a two-looped concentric uniform circular array (CUCA) consisting of sequentially rotated circular polarization (CP) triangle patches. Generally speaking, the rotation of the CP antenna makes feeding networks free of narrow-band phase shifters. Further investigations also reveal that CP performances of elements and the rotation parameters (including directions and centers) are critical factors. Moreover, adopting the triangle patches makes the array compact and wideband. A demonstration with 12 elements is designed and fabricated, whose radius is only 0.760. Simulations and measurements suggest that it could emit circularly polarized vortex waves of modes -1 and -2 at the X band simultaneously, and its bandwidth is about 8.7%.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the transtheoretical model (TTM)–based exercise training on TTM variables, exercise adherence, and physical function in patients in the early stages after bariatric surgery (BS). We conducted a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of TTM-based exercise training on BS patients immediately after surgery. Participants (n = 120) were randomized into a TTM-based exercise training group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60). Main outcomes included TTM variables (measured by exercise stages of change (ESCs), exercise self-efficacy (ESE), and decisional balance), exercise adherence, and physical function (determined by the 6-min walk distance (6MWD)). Secondary outcomes were physical activity, anthropometrics, and body composition. We performed all analyses in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Retention rates for the interventions were 91.7% for the intervention group and 90.0% for the control group. Compared with the control group, the 12-week TTM-based intervention significantly helped participants advance through ESCs, demonstrate higher ESE, perceive more benefits and fewer barriers to exercise, and show higher exercise adherence and better physical function afterward (all P < 0.05). However, we observed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in anthropometric parameters or body composition after intervention. The TTM-based exercise intervention had significant positive effects on the TTM variables, which could further help increase patients’ exercise adherence and physical function immediately after BS. This study was retrospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (website: www.chictr.org.cn , registry number: ChiCTR2000039319).

Radiotherapy (RT) is an important method in the treatment of cervical cancer. Devising exceedingly effective, conveniently synthesizable, and lowly poisonous smart multifunctional radiosensitizers is of tremendous significance to improve the cure rate of RT. Gold nanorods (GNRs), which exhibited dramatic X-ray absorption and near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion effectiveness, could be utilized as radiosensitizers. In the present study, an all-in-one theranostic nanoagent for photothermal-enhanced radiotherapy of carcinoma was devised based on GNRs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes (NPAPF-GNRs@PEG). NPAPF-GNRs@PEG-mediated PTT-RT demonstrated excellent radiation sensitization effect by significantly inhibiting invasion and migration, increasing ROS and causing more DNA damage in two different pathological types of cell lines of cervical cancer. Experiments of in vitro and in vivo and metabolomics study demonstrated that PTT-RT based on NPAPF-GNRs@PEG showed enhanced RT effect by increasing apoptosis, compared to RT alone. Meanwhile, the NPAPF-GNRs@PEG nanoagent exhibited excellent tomography imaging (CTI)/photoacoustic imaging (PAI)/fluorescence imaging (FLI)/photothermal imaging (PTI) multi-modal imaging in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the present study provides an innovative multifunctional platform for optimizing the curative efficacy of precision RT and further enriches the theoretical basis of the mechanistic study of radio-sensitization by GNRs-mediated PTT-RT.

To explore main determinants of dietary adherence among Chinese patients after bariatric surgery based on the Attitude-Social influence-Efficacy (ASE) model.A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using convenience sampling method to select 288 participants in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu, China. General information and disease-related information were collected as well as applying the Dietary Adherence Scale after Bariatric Surgery (DASBS) and Attitude-Social influence-Efficacy Questionnaire after Bariatric Surgery (ASEQBS). Univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis were used to identify determinants of dietary adherence among patients after bariatric surgery.A total of 288 questionnaires were effectively collected. The mean DASBS score was 54.90 ± 10.08 among post-bariatric patients. Univariate analysis results showed that education level, time since surgery, smoking, exercise, participation in peer support groups, and participation in nutrition counseling had significant effects on postoperative diet adherence level of patients (P 0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the total score of dietary adherence was positively correlated with the total score of intention, attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy, and the correlation coefficients were 0.511, 0.550, 0.460, and 0.484, respectively (P 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that time since surgery, attitude, intention, social influence, exercise, and self-efficacy entered the regression equation (P 0.05). The standardized regression coefficients of attitude and intention are 0.237 and 0.196, respectively. The regression model could explain 44.0% of the total variation.The dietary adherence of Chinese post-bariatric patients is at an upper-middle level, which needs to be further improved. Time since surgery, exercise, intention, attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy had significant effects on patients' dietary adherence. Attitude had the greatest effect on dietary adherence, followed by intention. The results shed light on that these factors should be emphasized to take personalized intervention strategy in designing dietary intervention program, in order to improve the patient's dietary adherence and surgical outcomes.

Introduction: Purpose: We evaluated the prevalence of myopia and its relationship with associated factors in primary and middle school pupils in Keerqin District of Tongliao City. Methods Measurement data on poor eyesight and ametropia from 1757 senior grade students in primary, junior middle, and high school, as well as electronic questionnaires were analyzed by stratified random cluster sampling in November 2020. Myopia was indicated by a visual acuity of 1 feet from books was higher. It was also established that parents occasionally or never reminded their children that reading and writing postures have a low risk of nearsightedness. Close eyes use, 0.25–0.5 h eye rest reduced the risk of myopia development. Conclusion The overall prevalence of myopia was high, indicating that myopia is a serious public health concern in Keerqin District of Tongliao City. However, the rate of eyeglass wearing was relatively low. Myopia was positively correlated with education level, female gender, residential schools, genetics and the environment.

A $2\times2$ uniform circular array (UCA) consisting of four patches fed by a Butler matrix is proposed for simultaneously generating three OAM modes. Compared with other patched UCAs with feeding networks on the top layer, individual elements of the proposed structure are fed by a matrix on the backside. The feeding network designed on the lower layer is comprised of five 90° hybrid couplers, one cross couplers, and two 30° phase shifters. Both results of the simulation and the measurement illustrate that the proposed antenna can generate three OAM modes, which works at 7.5GHz and whose bandwidth of return loss below -10dB is 10.7%.

Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity are identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which, parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost duringex vivocultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and re-establish EC organ-specificity forin vitrostudies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media is added to connect the two culture regions at a desired timepoint, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation, and HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (HNF1B,AJAP1,KCNJ16) and endothelial activation genes (VCAM1,MMP7,MMP10) in coculture. Co-culturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (hPSC-ECs). In comparison to the culture in HPTEC conditioned media, co-culture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts, and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.

Although several biomarkers can be used to distinguish cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from healthy controls, differentiating the disease from benign biliary disease (BBD) or pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenge. CCA biomarkers are associated with low specificity or have not been validated in relation to the biological effects of CCA. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed 15 biliary bile acids in CCA (n = 30), BBD (n = 57) and PC (n = 17) patients and discovered glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) as specific CCA biomarkers. Firstly, we showed that the average concentration of total biliary bile acids in CCA patients was quantitatively less than in other patient groups. In addition, the average composition ratio of primary bile acids and conjugated bile acids in CCA patients was the highest in all patient groups. The average composition ratio of GCA (35.6%) in CCA patients was significantly higher than in other patient groups. Conversely, the average composition ratio of TCDCA (13.8%) in CCA patients was significantly lower in all patient groups. To verify the biological effects of GCA and TCDCA, we analyzed the gene expression of bile acid receptors associated with the development of CCA in a CCA cell line. The gene expression of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor (TGR5) and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in CCA cells treated with GCA was 8.6-fold and 3.4-fold higher compared with control (untreated with bile acids), respectively. Gene expression of TGR5 and S1PR2 in TCDCA-treated cells was not significantly different from the control. Taken together, our study identified GCA and TCDCA as phenotype-specific biomarkers for CCA.

Microscale cell-based assays have demonstrated unique capabilities in reproducing important cellular behaviors for diagnostics and basic biological research. As these assays move beyond the prototyping stage and into biological and clinical research environments, there is a need to produce microscale culture platforms more rapidly, cost-effectively, and reproducibly. ‘Rapid’ injection molding is poised to meet this need as it enables some of the benefits of traditional high volume injection molding at a fraction of the cost. However, rapid injection molding has limitations due to the material and methods used for mold fabrication. Here, we characterize advantages and limitations of rapid injection molding for microfluidic device fabrication through measurement of key features for cell culture applications including channel geometry, feature consistency, floor thickness, and surface polishing. We demonstrate phase contrast and fluorescence imaging of cells grown in rapid injection molded devices and provide design recommendations to successfully utilize rapid injection molding methods for microscale cell-based assay development in academic laboratory settings.

Gene editing technology is a technique for precision fixed-point modification of genomes, which can be used to knockout, add and alternate the specific DNA fragments, and to perform accurate gene editing at genomic levels. The essence of it is to use the non-homologous ends connecting the pathway for repairing and the homologous recombination repair, combined with specific DNA target identification and the endonuclease to complete DNA sequence changes. Gene editing technology has very wide development prospect and application value in the fields of scientific research, agriculture and medical treatment. In the field of gene therapy for diseases, gene editing techniques have achieved many diachronous successes in the treatment of cancers like leukemia, hereditary diseases such as hemophilia, thalassemia, and various muscular dystrophy and retroviral-related infectious diseases such as AIDS. The new experimental methodology and the preparation of animal models are developing and perfecting in combination with the technology of gene editing. The laboratories around the world have also applied gene editing techniques to the prevention of malaria, organ transplants, bio-pharmaceuticals, improved agricultural breeding, and the resurgence of extinct species.

Metabolic surgery is a gastrointestinal surgical procedure to treat obesity and its related co-morbidities with rapid development in recent years. Patients undergoing metabolic surgery have preoperative nutritional disorders, and the nutrition management for these patients is the key point of perioperative management. During the perioperative period, current research has preliminarily confirmed that perioperative managements including supplementation of micronutrients, preoperative evaluation of the weight loss, preoperative fasting and carbohydrate oral intake based on the full application of ERAS and characteristics of the patients undergoing metabolic surgery, are safe and effective in clinical practice. As for the postoperative diet strategy, current literature remains non-unified to identify the duration and the content of the nutrition managements. Domestic clinical reports about the postoperative nutrition managements after metabolic surgery are rare and lack of unified and good reference standard. Meanwhile, divergence still existed in current literature regarding to the content of the postoperative nutrition managements. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the standardized protocol for nutrition managements which is offering basis and reference for the clinical application of perioperative nutrition managements after metabolic surgery.

Intense spikes were experimentally and numerically studied in a feedback stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) system. By modulating the input pump wave with a low frequency (100 kHz) signal, the intense spikes are shown to appear rarely and randomly. Specifically, the experimental results indicate that the probability density function (PDF) is characterized by the L-shaped distribution. Theoretical simulations based on the three-wave parametric coupling model of the SBS system show a good consistency with the experimental results.

Kilowatt Ytterbium-doped fiber laser is found widespread application in medical technology, industry and military areas. At present, most of the multi-kilowatt single-mode fiber lasers are achieved by tandem-pumped master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) system. When the laser output power reaches kilowatt, the output will be strongly affected by nonlinear effects in the amplifier. The Stimulated Raman Scattering effects is known as the major restrictions to the increase of output signal power. Up to now, Raman effects in conventional diode-pumped amplifier have been well studied while the Raman effects in tandem-pumped has not yet been thoroughly analyzed. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of Raman effects using numerical solution of steady-state rate equations in kilowatts tandem-pumped ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers is presented. The numerical simulation describing output power characteristics and laser distribution along the fiber is carried under the co-directional end-pumping. Furthermore, an optimization of Raman effects is discussed, which provides a solid foundation for achieving a higher fiber laser output.