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Abstract Ovarian organoids are essential in female reproductive medicine, enhancing our understanding of ovarian diseases and improving treatments, which benefits women’s health. Constructing ovarian organoids involves two main processes: differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into germ and ovarian somatic cells to restore ovarian function and using extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a suitable ovarian microenvironment and scaffold. Although the technology is still in its early stages, future advancements will likely involve integrating high-throughput analysis, 3D-printed scaffolds, and efficient iPSC induction, driving progress in reproductive and regenerative medicine.

Abstract Background Podocyte injury causes proteinuria and accelerates glomerular sclerosis during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase, has been reported in preventing kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease models. However, whether DOT1L exerts beneficial effects in diabetes induced podocyte injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms need further exploration. Methods The expression of DOT1L was confirmed by Western blotting in MPC-5 cells and cortex of kidney from db/db mice, as well as immunofluorescence staining in human renal biopsy samples. The effect of DOT1L on podocyte injury was obtained using MPC-5 cells and db/db mice. The potential target genes regulated by DOT1L was measured by RNA-sequencing. Then, a series of molecular biological experiments was performed to investigate the regulation of PLCL1 by DOT1L in MCP-5 cells and db/db mice. Lipid accumulation was assessed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis and Oil Red O staining. Results DOT1L expression was significantly declined in high glucose (HG)-treated MPC-5 cells, podocyte regions of kidney tissues from db/db mice and human renal biopsy samples. Subsequent investigations revealed that upregulation of DOT1L ameliorated HG-induced cell apoptosis in MPC-5 cells as well as primary podocytes. Furthermore, podocyte-specific DOT1L overexpression inhibited diabetic podocyte injury in db/db mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that DOT1L upregulated phospholipase C-like 1 (PLCL1) expression by mediating H3K79me2 at its promoter and PLCL1 silencing suppressed the protective role of DOT1L on podocyte injury. Moreover, DOT1L improved diabetes induced abnormal fatty acid metabolism in podocytes and PLCL1 knockdown reversed its protective effects. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that DOT1L protects podocyte injury via PLCL1-mediated fatty acid metabolism and provides new insights into the therapeutic target of DKD.

Abstract Background & aims Obesity has been linked to various detrimental health consequences. While there is established evidence of a negative correlation between seafood consumption and obesity in adults, the current research on the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity in a Chinese nationwide cohort. Methods We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from the year of 1997 to 2015. Seafood consumption was evaluated through 3-day 24-hour recalls. In our study, overweight/obesity status was determined based on the Chinese Criteria of Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 586–2018), while abdominal obesity status was determined according to the Chinese Criteria of Waist Circumference Screening Threshold among Children and Adolescents (WS/T 611–2018). Results During an average follow-up of 7.9 years, 404 cases developed overweight/obesity among 2206 participants in the seafood-overweight/obesity analysis, while 381 cases developed abdominal obesity among 2256 participants in the seafood-abdominal-obesity analysis. The high-consumer group was associated with 35% lower risk of overweight/obesity risk and 26% lower risk of abdominal obesity after fully adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with the non-consumer group. Considering different cooking methods, boiled seafood consumption was associated with 43% lower risk of overweight/obesity and 23% lower risk of abdominal obesity in the fully adjusted model, while stir-fried seafood did not demonstrate a statistical significance. Conclusion Higher intake of seafood in childhood/adolescents, particularly in a boiled way, was associated with lower obesity risk.

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and hypothyroidism has been identified as a potential influencing factor. Despite known associations between hypothyroidism and various cancers, the causal link between hypothyroidism and GC and potential mediators of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsUtilizing genetic variant information from the FinnGen and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) databases, we conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses to explore the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and GC risk. The analysis was adjusted for confounders such as BMI, smoking status, and alcohol intake, and included mediator MR analysis to examine the role of high cholesterol.ResultsWe identified a significant inverse association between hypothyroidism and GC risk (OR = 0.93, 95% CI= 0.89–0.98, P = 0.003), with no evidence of reverse causation or pleiotropy. Adjustments for Helicobacter pylori infection weakened this association. Mediator analysis highlighted high cholesterol levels, chronic hepatitis B infection, and diabetes/endocrine disease status as significant mediators of the protective effect of hypothyroidism on GC risk.ConclusionOur findings suggest that hypothyroidism may confer a protective effect against GC, mediated in part by high cholesterol and other factors. These results underscore the importance of thyroid function and metabolic health in GC risk, offering new insights for preventive strategies and highlighting the need for further research into these complex associations.

Abstract Background Primary aldosteronism (P.A.) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, accounting for 5% of hypertensive patients and 17–23% of patients with resistant hypertension. Compared to primary hypertension, P.A. is more prone to cause severe organ damage and even early death. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is a practical confirmatory test for subtyping aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, helping physicians to make an accurate decision between surgery or medication. According to guidelines, supine in bed before AVS is recommended for a desirable result of AVS. However, investigations about the most optimal preoperative supine time before AVS are lacking. Methods/design This is a multi-center prospective randomized controlled study. One hundred twenty patients diagnosed as P.A. and willing for AVS examination will be included. Participants will be randomly allocated to a 15-min supine time group or 2-h supine time group. The primary outcome is the degree of biochemical remission (serum potassium and orthostatic ARR). The secondary outcomes are degrees of clinical remission (blood pressure, type and dose of antihypertensive drugs), the technical success rate, and the adverse event of AVS (selective index ≥ 2 is considered successful surgery without corticotropin stimulation). Discussion P.A. is an intractable public health problem, and many techniques including AVS have been developed to identify this disease correctly. This study will help to understand whether the length of preoperative supine time would affect the diagnostic efficacy of AVS and thus help to formulate a more reasonable AVS procedure. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05658705. Registered on 10 September 2022.

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has established recommended daily intakes for sodium and potassium. However, there is currently some controversy regarding the association between sodium intake, potassium intake, the sodium-to-potassium ratio, and overall mortality. To assess the correlations between sodium intake, potassium intake, the sodium-to-potassium ratio, and overall mortality, as well as the potential differences in sodium and potassium intake thresholds among different population groups, we analyzed data from NHANES 2003–2018. Methods NHANES is an observational cohort study that estimates sodium and potassium intake through one or two 24-h dietary recalls. Hazard ratios (HR) for overall mortality were calculated using multivariable adjusted Cox models accounting for sampling design. A total of 13855 out of 26288 participants were included in the final analysis. Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the relationship between sodium intake, potassium intake, and overall mortality. If non-linearity was detected, we employed a recursive algorithm to calculate inflection points. Results Based on one or two 24-h dietary recalls, the sample consisted of 13,855 participants, representing a non-institutionalized population aged 40–80 years, totaling 11,348,771 person-months of mean follow-up 99.395 months. Daily sodium intake and daily potassium intake were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Restrictive cubic spline analysis showed non-linear relationships between daily sodium intake, potassium intake, sodium–potassium ratio, and total mortality. The inflection point for daily sodium intake was 3133 mg/d, and the inflection point for daily potassium intake was 3501 mg/d, and the inflection point for daily sodium–potassium ratio intake was 1.203 mg/mg/d. In subgroup analyses, a significant interaction was found between age and high sodium intake, which was further confirmed by the smooth curves that showed a U-shaped relationship between sodium intake and all-cause mortality in the elderly population, with a inflection point of 3634 mg/d. Conclusion Nonlinear associations of daily sodium intake, daily potassium intake and daily sodium–potassium ratio intake with all-cause mortality were observed in American individuals. The inflection point for daily sodium intake was 3133 mg/d. And the inflection point for daily sodium intake was 3634 mg/d in elderly population. The inflection point for daily potassium intake was 3501 mg/d. The inflection point for daily sodium–potassium ratio intake was 1.203 mg/mg/d, respectively, A healthy diet should be based on reasonable sodium intake and include an appropriate sodium-to-potassium ratio.

Abstract The canonical studies on Mie scattering unravel strong electric/magnetic optical responses in nanostructures, laying foundation for emerging meta-photonic applications. Conventionally, the morphology-sensitive resonances hinge on the normalized frequency, i.e. particle size over wavelength, but non-paraxial incidence symmetry is overlooked. Here, through confocal reflection microscopy with a tight focus scanning over silicon nanostructures, the scattering point spread functions unveil distinctive spatial patterns featuring that linear scattering efficiency is maximal when the focus is misaligned. The underlying physical mechanism is the excitation of higher-order multipolar modes, not accessible by plane wave irradiation, via displacement resonance, which showcases a significant reduction of nonlinear response threshold, sign flip in all-optical switching, and spatial resolution enhancement. Our result fundamentally extends the century-old light scattering theory, and suggests new dimensions to tailor Mie resonances.

BackgroundIn the last decades, growing attention has been focused on identifying effective therapeutic strategies in the orphan clinical setting of women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC), generating thousands of original articles. However, the literature involving bibliometric analysis of PROC has not been published yet.ObjectiveThis study hopes to gain a better understanding of the hot spots and trends in PROC by conducting a bibliometric analysis, as well as identify potential new research directions.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for PROC-related articles published between 1990 and 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R2 and VOS viewer 1.6.18.0 were primarily utilized to evaluate the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of various countries and regions, institutes, and journals and to identify research hotspots and promising future trends in this research field.ResultsA total of 3,462 Web of Science publications were retrieved that were published in 671 academic journals by 1135 authors from 844 organizations in 75 countries and regions. The United States was the leading contributor in this field, and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was the most productive institution. Gynecologic Oncology was the most productive journal, while the Journal of Clinical Oncology was the most cited and influential. Co-citation cluster labels revealed the characteristics of seven major clusters, including synthetic lethality, salvage treatment, human ovarian-carcinoma cell line, PARP inhibitor resistance, antitumor complexes, folate receptor, and targeting platinum-resistant disease. Keywords and references burst detection indicated that biomarkers, genetic and phenotypic changes, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy were the most recent and most significant aspects of PROC research.ConclusionThis study conducted a comprehensive review of PROC research using bibliometric and visual techniques. Understanding the immunological landscape of PROC and identifying the population that can benefit from immunotherapy, especially in combination with other therapeutic options (such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy), will continue to be the focal point of research.

Magnaporthe oryzae Oryzae (MoO) pathotype is a devastating fungal pathogen of rice; however, its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. The current research is primarily focused on single-omics data, which is insufficient to capture the complex cross-kingdom regulatory interactions between MoO and rice. To address this limitation, we proposed a novel method called Weighted Gene Autoencoder Multi-Omics Relationship Prediction (WGAEMRP), which combines weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and graph autoencoder to predict the relationship between MoO–rice multi-omics data. We applied WGAEMRP to construct a MoO–rice multi-omics heterogeneous interaction network, which identified 18 MoO small RNAs (sRNAs), 17 rice genes, 26 rice mRNAs, and 28 rice proteins among the key biomolecules. Most of the mined functional modules and enriched pathways were related to gene expression, protein composition, transportation, and metabolic processes, reflecting the infection mechanism of MoO. Compared to previous studies, WGAEMRP significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of multi-omics data integration and analysis. This approach lays out a solid data foundation for studying the biological process of MoO infecting rice, refining the regulatory network of pathogenic markers, and providing new insights for developing disease-resistant rice varieties.

As air quality has improved rapidly in recent years, the public has become more interested in whether a famous snow peak, Yaomei Feng on the Tibetan Plateau, can be seen from Chengdu, a megacity located on the western plain of the Sichuan Basin, east of the plateau. Therefore, a threshold-method-based forecasting system for snow peak sighting was developed in this study. Variables from numerical models, including cloud–water mixing ratio, cloud cover over snow peak, water mixing ratio, PM2.5 concentration, and ground solar radiation, were used in the snow peak sighting forecast system. Terrain occlusion rate of each model grid was calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were applied for threshold determination. A WRF-CMAQ hindcast was conducted for 2020, owing to insufficient observation data, hindcast results on the snow peak sighting were compared with posts collected from social media. Estimations showed that the snow peak sighting forecast system performed well in reflecting the monthly trend of snow peak sightings, and the hindcast results matched the daily observations, especially from May to August. Accuracy of the snow peak sighting forecast model was 78.9%, recall value was 57.1%, and precision was 24.4%.

ObjectiveTo analyze the trends in disease burden of diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) by year, age, gender and types of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData on prevalence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for diabetes-related CKD were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Analyses were performed by year, age, gender and types of diabetes.ResultsIn China, the numbers of deaths and DALYs of diabetes-related CKD continuously increased but the age-standardized rates (per 100,000 population) decreased over 30 years, in which the numbers of deaths and DALYs attributable to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-related CKD barely changed and the age-standardized rates decreased over the years; and the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related CKD continuously increased, but the age-standardized rates also decreased. In 2019, 76.03 (58.24-95.61) thousand deaths and 2.13 (1.65–2.67) million DALYs were attributable to diabetes-related CKD, of which, T2DM accounted for 83.32% and 77.0% respectively, and T1DM accounted for the rest. Increasing gender disparity was seen, with males being more heavily impacted. The burden of diabetes-related CKD varied among different age groups, with the numbers of deaths and DALYs attributable to T1DM-related CKD peaking between 45 and 54 years of age and T2DM-related CKD peaking between 75 and 79 years of age; and the crude rates of deaths and DALYs attributable to T1DM-related CKD peaking between 70 and 79 years of age and 40 to 54 years of age, respectively, and T2DM-related CKD peaking over 90 years of age. Among neighboring and G20 countries, the burden of diabetes-related CKD in China was relatively controlled reflected by the ranking of adjusted death and DALYs rates.ConclusionsThe burden of diabetes-related CKD in China worsens and shows gender disparities and different age distribution. Greater efforts are needed to improve the health outcomes of these patients, especially among males.

Here, the authors report large photothermal nonlinearity mediated by anapole states within subwavelength Si nanodisks, offering a mechanism for dynamic tuning of far-field radiation from multipolar modes. Nonlinear scattering is used to demonstrate the potential for far-field optical localization of Si nanostructures.

BackgroundThe impact of hypoxia on ferroptosis is important in cancer proliferation, but no predictive model combining hypoxia and ferroptosis for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to construct a predictive model based on hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression in ACC.MethodsWe assessed hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression using data from 79 patients with ACC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, a predictive model was constructed to stratify patient survival using least absolute contraction and selection operation regression. Gene expression profiles of patients with ACC in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the predictive model.ResultsBased on hypoxia-related gene expression, 79 patients with ACC in the TCGA database were divided into three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) with different clinical outcomes. Patients with the C3 subtype had the shortest survival. Ferroptosis-related genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in the three subtypes. A predictive model combining hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression was constructed. A nomogram was constructed using age, sex, tumor stage, and the predictive gene model. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that the gene signature was mainly related to the cell cycle and organelle fission.ConclusionThis hypoxia-and ferroptosis-related gene signature displayed excellent predictive performance for ACC and could serve as an emerging source of novel therapeutic targets in ACC.

BackgroundLow bone mineral density (LBMD), including osteoporosis and low bone mass, has becoming a serious public health concern. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of LBMD and its related fractures in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years.MethodsWe collected detailed information and performed a secondary analysis for LBMD and its related fractures from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized rates related to LBMD of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths in 204 countries and territories were compared by age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and location.ResultsGlobal deaths and DALYs number attributable to LBMD increased from 207 367 and 8 588 936 in 1990 to 437 884 and 16 647 466 in 2019, with a raise of 111.16% and 93.82%, respectively. DALYs and deaths number of LBMD-related fractures increased 121.07% and 148.65% from 4 436 789 and 121248 in 1990 to 9 808 464 and 301 482 in 2019. In 2019, the five countries with the highest disease burden of DALYs number in LBMD-related fractures were India (2 510 288), China (1 839 375), United States of America (819 445), Japan (323 094), and Germany (297 944), accounting for 25.59%, 18.75%, 8.35%, 3.29%, and 3.04%. There was a quadratic correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI) and burden of LBMD-related fractures: DALYs rate was 179.985-420.435SDI+417.936SDI2(R2 = 0.188, p

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) refers to the abnormal invasion of trophoblastic tissues. Because of its increasing morbidity and possibility of catastrophic outcomes, PAS requires an antenatal diagnosis and making full preparations in advance to realize safe delivery. Current clinical screening modalities for PAS are not always conclusive. Recently, it has been reported that bio-markers detected in maternal serum have the potential for predicting PAS during pregnancy. Some of these biomarkers, such as β-hcg, AFP, PAPP-A, and cffDNA, can be clinically detected. It is convenient for us to test and compare with standard threshold. However, how can we distinguishing PAS from other pregnancy complications through these biomarkers remains complicated. Some biomarkers are specific, such as microRNA and placenta-specific mRNA. They are stability and reliability. These biomarkers are currently research hotspots. This study aims to summarize the characteristics of the newly reported biomarkers and to point out their potential application and current limitations to provide a basis for future research. Finally, the combination of imageological examination and biomarkers will be an attractive future theme to study in diagnosing this challenging condition.

Although growing evidence shows that microRNA (miRNA) regulates plant growth and development, miRNA regulatory networks in plants are not well understood. Current experimental studies cannot characterize miRNA regulatory networks on a large scale. This information gap provides an excellent opportunity to employ computational methods for global analysis and generate valuable models and hypotheses. To address this opportunity, we collected miRNA–target interactions (MTIs) and used MTIs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula to predict homologous MTIs in soybeans, resulting in 80,235 soybean MTIs in total. A multi-level iterative bi-clustering method was developed to identify 483 soybean miRNA–target regulatory modules (MTRMs). Furthermore, we collected soybean miRNA expression data and corresponding gene expression data in response to abiotic stresses. By clustering these data, 37 MTRMs related to abiotic stresses were identified, including stress-specific MTRMs and shared MTRMs. These MTRMs have gene ontology (GO) enrichment in resistance response, iron transport, positive growth regulation, etc. Our study predicts soybean MTRMs and miRNA-GO networks under different stresses, and provides miRNA targeting hypotheses for experimental analyses. The method can be applied to other biological processes and other plants to elucidate miRNA co-regulation mechanisms.

Studies have found that pathogenic fungi and plants have sRNA transboundary regulation mechanisms. However, no researchers have used computer methods to carry out comprehensive studies on whether there is a more remarkable similarity in the transboundary regulation of plants by pathogenic fungi. In this direction, high-throughput non-coding sRNA data of three types of fungi and fungi-infected plants for 72 h were obtained. These include the Magnaporthe, Magnaporthe oryzae infecting Oryza sativa, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis cinerea infecting Solanum lycopersicum, Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora infestans infecting Solanum tuberosum. Research on these data to explore the commonness of fungal sRNA transboundary regulation of plants. First, using the big data statistical analysis method, the sRNA whose expression level increased significantly after infection was found as the key sRNA for pathogenicity, including 355 species of Magnaporthe oryzae, 399 species of Botrytis cinerea, and 426 species of Phytophthora infestans. Secondly, the target prediction was performed on the key sRNAs of the above three fungi, and 96, 197, and 112 core nodes were screened out, respectively. After functional enrichment analysis, multiple GO and KEGG_Pathway were obtained. It is found that there are multiple identical GO and KEGG_Pathway that can participate in plant gene expression regulation, metabolism, and other life processes, thereby affecting plant growth, development, reproduction, and response to the external environment. Finally, the characteristics of key pathogenic sRNAs and some non-pathogenic sRNAs are mined and extracted. Five Ensemble learning algorithms of Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, Random Forest, Adaboost, XGBoost, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine are used to construct a binary classification prediction model on the data set. The five indicators of accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and AUC were used to compare and analyze the models with the best parameters obtained by training, and it was found that each model performed well. Among them, XGBoost performed very well in the five models, and the AUC of the validation set was 0.86, 0.93, and 0.90. Therefore, this model has a reference value for predicting other fungi’s key sRNAs that transboundary regulation of plants.

We reviewed clinical research investigating the applications of adrenal vein sampling (AVS). AVS could be applied not only to primary aldosteronism (PA) but also to other endocrine diseases, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent Cushing syndrome (AICS) and hyperandrogenemia (HA). However, the AVS protocol requires improvements to increase its success rate. Using the computed tomography image fusion, coaxial guidewire technique, and fast intraprocedural cortisol testing (CCF) technique could improve the success rate of catheterization in AVS for PA. ACTH loading could be considered in medical centers with a low selectivity of AVS for PA but is not essential in those with mature AVS technology. The continuous infusion method should be recommended for ACTH stimulation in AVS for PA to reduce adverse events. AVS has not been routinely recommended before management decisions in AICS, but several studies verified that AVS was useful in finding out the source of excess cortisol, especially for distinguishing unilateral from bilateral disease. However, it is necessary to reassess the results of AVS in AICS with the use of reference hormones to fully normalize cortisol levels. In addition, it is essential to determine the optimal model that combines AVS results and mass size to guide the selection of surgical plans, including identifying the dominant gland and presenting the option of staged adrenalectomy, to minimize the impact of bilateral resection. For HA, AVS combined with ovarian intravenous sampling to locate excess androgens could be considered when imaging results are equivocal.

Objective: Cervical cancer classification based on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status is necessary, as the popularity of HPV vaccination is increasing. Hence, this study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GAS) in west China. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis and follow-up of patients with GAS who were hospitalized in West China Second University Hospital, a tertiary care center in west China, between September 2019 and April 2021. Results: A total of 16 cases were pathologically diagnosed as GAS at the hospital, most of which had no specific clinical manifestations. Among the 16 cases, 3 cases were confirmed preoperatively. The occurrence of full-layer cervix stroma infiltration, lymphatic vessel infiltration, and lymph node metastasis were 87.5%, 100%, and 50%, respectively. Among all cases, 8 cases were classified as stage III according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 Clinical Staging Standard for cervical cancer. A total of 15 patients underwent a transabdominal or laparoscopic extensive hysterectomy, and the remaining 1 patient was pathologically diagnosed with GAS after a total hysterectomy and afterward underwent bilateral oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection as supplementary surgeries. The follow-up data presented the survival of the 16 patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy after surgery. However, GAS recurred in 3 non-medically-controlled patients among the 16 patients in 3 to 6 months after the treatment. Conclusions: GAS is a rare but highly malignant cancer that usually results in a poor prognosis. A few reports of GAS diagnosis and treatment, especially from developing countries, are available. Hitherto clinical routine screening methods might be insufficient to fulfill the requirements of GAS diagnosis owing to the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and the probability of misdiagnosis. To reduce the rate of misdiagnosis, repeated deep multisite biopsies, cervical curettage, cervical conization, and hysteroscopy might be helpful in suspicious GAS cases.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) has caused the increasing concern for environmental issues in recent years, and the wide engagement from all stakeholders of society has been involved in promoting integrated MSW management. Therefore, this study aims to identify the problems of dis-synergy among multi-stakeholders engaged in the integrated MSW management evolution, then contribute strategies to coordinated development of integrated MSW management system by bettering the engagement and interaction of different stakeholders combined with the region characteristics. From the perspective of the stakeholder theory and synergy theory, we constructed an integrated MSW management system with four stakeholder subsystems: governments, enterprises, residents, and NGO subsystems. We used integrated MSW management in Harbin as a case study and used the synergy degree model to estimate the system synergy degree from 2010 to 2019. Then, the synergetic development trend of integrated MSW management was studied, providing a feasible approach to boost the coordinated development of integrated MSW management in Harbin. The results were in concordance with the factual situation and pointed to integrated MSW management in Harbin and, although there is movement towards a more harmonious and orderly state over time, the government subsystem needs to be further reinforced.

As a major gaseous pollutant, ozone (O3) adversely affects human health and ecosystems. In recent years, ozone pollution in China has gradually become a prominent issue, especially in the North China Plain (NCP). To study the long-term spatio-temporal variation patterns of O3 in the NCP, this study selected 230 monitoring stations in the NCP from 2016 to 2020 as research objects, used the Kriging interpolation method and global Moran’s index to discuss the spatial-temporal distribution of O3, combining meteorological and social statistical data to analyze the causes underlying regional differences. The temporal analysis demonstrated that the O3-8h average concentrations increased annually from 2016 to 2018 and decreased from 2019 to 2020. The O3 concentrations were higher in spring and summer (117.89–154.20 μg/m3) and lower in autumn and winter (53.81–92.95 μg/m3). The spatial analysis revealed that O3 concentrations were low in the north and south of the NCP but high in the central area. The spatial distribution of O3 exhibited considerable cross-seasonal variability. Both meteorological conditions of high temperature and low pressure increased O3 concentrations. The spatial distribution of O3 varied depending on the period. However, the central and western regions of the Shandong Province were constantly characterized by high O3 concentrations. This pattern has been likely formed by heavy industry in the Shandong Province, as large-scale industrial production and frequent traffic flows produce a large amount of precursors, thereby exacerbating regional O3 pollution. These characteristics were attributed to emission reduction policies, meteorological conditions, the emission intensity of anthropogenic sources, and regional transport in the NCP. Overall, for cities with heavy industrial facilities in the central NCP, a timely adjustment of the energy and industrial structure, effectively controlling the emission of precursors, promoting new clean energy, and strengthening regional joint prevention and control are effective ways to alleviate O3 pollution.

With the continuous progress of air pollution prevention and control in China, the study of the emission characteristics of vehicles has become increasingly important. An in situ experiment was performed in the Tianfu tunnel in Chengdu to determine the vehicle emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A total of 50 species of VOCs were quantified in the tunnel, with total concentrations in the range of 32.25–162.18 ppbv in the entrance and 52.90–233.92 ppbv in the exit, respectively. Alkanes were the most abundant group, followed by alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated VOCs, alkynes and chlorocarbons. The general emission factors of the measured VOCs ranged from 141.71 mg veh−1 km−1 to 236.12 mg veh−1 km−1, and the average ± std was 177.31 ± 24.59 mg veh−1 km−1. The emission factors of diesel-fuelled vehicles, gasoline-fuelled vehicles and natural gas-fuelled vehicles were estimated based on linear regression analysis, with values of 272.39 ± 191.17 mg veh−1 km−1, 185.08 ± 12.85 mg veh−1 km−1 and 158.72 ± 3.21 mg veh−1 km−1, respectively. The results of roadside experiments indicate that the roadside ambience atmosphere contains many species characterized with vehicle emission features. Especially, there were fuel evaporation emission related substances, which were higher in content than tunnel samples.

Manipulating the light emission direction and boosting its directivity have essential importance in integrated nanophotonic devices. Here, we theoretically propose a single dielectric silicon nanoblock as an efficient, multifunctional and ultracompact all-dielectric nanoantenna to direct light into a preferential direction. Unidirectional scattering of a plane wave as well as switchable directive emission fed by a localized emitter are demonstrated within the nanoantenna. The high directionalities are revealed to originate from a variety of mechanisms that can coexist within a single nanoblock, which contribute to the far-field radiation patterns of the outcoming light, thanks to the wealth of multipolar electric and magnetic resonances. The efficient beam redirections are also observed, which are sensitive to the local configurations of the emitter antenna coupled system. The designed antenna, with extreme geometry simplicity, ultracompact and low-loss features, could be favorable for highly sensitive sensing as well as applications in optical nanocircuits.

Stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy and its derivatives based on saturation induced competition effects have become an indispensable tool for studying cellular events and their dynamics in living conditions. The successful implementation of these techniques heavily relies on the competition between excitation induced spontaneous emission and stimulated emission from fluorescent dyes. The use of two laser beams at different wavelengths perplexes the optical system and the high intensity saturation beam inevitably introduces detrimental photobleaching effects. Harnessing the emerging saturation scattering of plasmonic nanoparticles, here, we demonstrate a novel fluorescence-free single-wavelength super-resolution imaging technique using gold nanoparticles. A lateral resolution of 101.2 nm (

Light manipulation at the nanoscale is the vanguard of plasmonics. Controlling light radiation into a desired direction in parallel with high optical signal enhancement is still a challenge for designing ultracompact nanoantennas far below subwavelength dimensions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the unidirectional emissions from a local nanoemitter coupled to a hybrid nanoantenna consisting of a plasmonic dipole antenna and an individual silicon nanorod. The emitter near-field was coupled to the dipolar antenna plasmon resonance to achieve a strong radiative decay rate modification, and the emitting plasmon pumped the multipoles within the silicon nanorod for efficient emission redirection. The hybrid antenna sustained a high forward directivity (i.e., a front-to-back ratio of 30 dB) with broadband operating wavelengths in the visible range (i.e., a spectral bandwidth of 240 nm). This facilitated a large library of plasmonic nanostructures to be incorporated, from single element dipole antennas to gap antennas. The proposed hybrid optical nanorouter with ultracompact structural dimensions of 0.08 λ2 was capable of spectrally sorting the emission from the local point source into distinct far-field directions, as well as possessing large emission gains introduced by the nanogap. The distinct features of antenna designs hold potential in the areas of novel nanoscale light sources, biosensing, and optical routing.