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Air-calcined BN can catalyze the aldol reaction of furfural and acetone while suppressing dehydration to afford β-hydroxy ketone. Two types of O-substituted N defect sites were identified and a B-centered Lewis acid-catalyzed mechanism was proposed.

Reactive separation of β-bromoethylbenzene from α-β-bromoethylbenzene mixtures is achieved by the radical polymerization of α-bromoethylbenzene catalyzed by Zn2+, enabling the separation of molecular isomers with almost identical physical properties.

Incorporating the genotypic and phenotypic of the correlated traits into the multi-trait model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the target trait in animal and plant breeding, as well as human genetics. However, in most cases, the phenotypic information of the correlated and target trait of the individual to be evaluated was null simultaneously, particularly for the newborn. Therefore, we propose a machine learning framework, MAK, to improve the prediction accuracy of the target trait by constructing the multi-target ensemble regression chains and selecting the assistant trait automatically, which predicted the genomic estimated breeding values of the target trait using genotypic information only. The prediction ability of MAK was significantly more robust than the genomic best linear unbiased prediction, BayesB, BayesRR and the multi trait Bayesian method in the four real animal and plant datasets, and the computational efficiency of MAK was roughly 100 times faster than BayesB and BayesRR.

The catalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels or chemicals is considered to be an effective pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect. To develop new types of efficient and durable catalysts, it is critical to identify the catalytic active sites, surface intermediates, and reaction mechanisms to reveal the relationship between the active sites and catalytic performance. However, the structure of a heterogeneous catalyst usually dynamically changes during reaction, bringing a great challenge for the identification of catalytic active sites and reaction pathways. Therefore, in-situ/operando techniques have been employed to real-time monitor the dynamic evolution of the structure of active sites under actual reaction conditions to precisely build the structure–function relationship. Here, we review the recent progress in the application of various in-situ/operando techniques in identifying active sites for catalytic conversion of CO2 over heterogeneous catalysts. We systematically summarize the applications of various optical and X-ray spectroscopy techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in identifying active sites and determining reaction mechanisms of the CO2 thermochemical conversion with hydrogen and light alkanes over heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of in-situ characterization in the future to further enlarge the capability of these powerful techniques.

With the advent of the smart economy, Chinese digital platform companies have begun the process of digital innovation. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 has added a strong impulse to the acceleration of this process, highlighting the unique characteristics of the platform economy in resource allocation. Although digital platforms have already entered people’s daily lives, the profit mechanism of digital platforms remains a black box to be cracked for the industry. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a framework model for the profit mechanism of digital platforms, which to a certain extent solves the problems essential to the digital realm faced by many traditional enterprises in the Internet age—knowing that the profit theory of traditional monopolies is not suitable for the rapidly changing internet economy, but that most of the time people still must use it. In this new profit framework, we first use the symbiotic logic of value sharing to explain the underlying logic of platform profitability; secondly, from the perspective of resource complementarity, we find that the key to digital platform companies’ profitability lies in the symbiotic synergy between platform companies and massive userbases; lastly, our study finds that the profit condition of platform enterprises is digital capability, not system possession. This article will analyze the bottom layer of the digital economy and, by identifying the various drawbacks of the traditional industrial economic monopoly theory, propose three key factors for the profitability of platform companies in the digital age: flexible strategy, digital capabilities, and symbiotic synergy capabilities. On this basis, a theoretical model of the profit of a digital platform is constructed. Research shows that the hybrid structure of digital platforms and the need for external diversification together lead to a platform’s resilience strategy. The realization process of the platform’s strategic flexibility and the process of consumers obtaining the residual value will lead to an explosion in network effects, causing the platform and users to complete value co-creation and realize value sharing. The implementation of a flexible platform strategy also promotes the further development of a differentiation strategy and a more-refined division of labor for manufacturers, lowers the barriers-to-entry in the industry, and enables the platform and the manufacturers to realize value co-creation. On the one hand, platform enterprises can obtain greater market performance; on the other hand, users’ personalized needs can be more satisfied.

Fat deposition is a complex economic trait regulated by polygenic genetic basis and environmental factors. Therefore, integrating multi-omics data to uncover its internal regulatory mechanism has attracted extensive attention. Here, we performed genomics and transcriptomics analysis to detect candidates affecting subcutaneous fat (SCF) deposition in beef cattle. The association of 770K SNPs with the backfat thickness captured nine significant SNPs within or near 11 genes. Additionally, 13 overlapping genes regarding fat deposition were determined via the analysis of differentially expressed genes and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We then calculated the correlations of these genes with BFT and constructed their interaction network. Finally, seven biomarkers including ACACA, SCD, FASN, ACOX1, ELOVL5, HACD2, and HSD17B12 were screened. Notably, ACACA, identified by the integration of genomics and transcriptomics, was more likely to exert profound effects on SCF deposition. These findings provided novel insights into the regulation mechanism underlying bovine fat accumulation.

The conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is one of the most important reactions from biomass-derived platform chemicals to value-added chemicals. In this work, bimetallic PdRu...

For the structure materials applied in the innovative nuclear energy system, the strongly environment radiation source is always a big concern which will severely degrade the materials performance especially at high temperature. To explore the mechanisms of the anti-irradiation properties in Ti3AlC2, a typical MAX phase material showing excellent irradiation damage tolerance and resistance to amorphization, we conducted a series of 1 MeV C4+ ions irradiation experiments on them at different temperatures (RT, 300°C, 500°C and 800°C). Through Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectra (Raman), slow positron annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (DBS) and high resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), the anti-irradiation properties were systematically investigated. For the first time, an entire microstructure phase transformation process of Ti3AlC2 from α to β to γ and to perfect fcc structure phase induced by irradiation at RT and it is inverse (recovery) process of phase transformation under high temperature (≥300 °C) irradiation conditions are found and confirmed. And lots of simple vacancies are induced by irradiation and the density of them gets saturated above 5 × 1015 ions/cm2 fluences. These processes of phase transformation and recovery and vacancy saturation phenomenon are the primary reasons for why Ti3AlC2 has excellent irradiation damage tolerance and resistance to amorphization. In addition, the micro strain and lattice parameters are also affected by microstructure transformation and have been discussed. In a word, Ti3AlC2 materials show good anti-irradiation properties especially at high temperature, and now it is a primary candidate as the coating of the cladding material and the spallation target beam windows material in Chinese ADS project. And studies on this kind of materials provide a promising new concept and way for designing the structural materials for innovative nuclear energy system.

The conversion of hemicellulose-derived xylose to furfuryl alcohol is a practical procedure for producing value-added chemicals from biomass. In this study, a bifunctional Cu/SBA-15-SO3H catalyst was employed for the one-pot catalytic conversion of xylose to furfuryl alcohol with a yield of up to 62.6% at the optimized conditions of 140 °C, 4 MPa, and for 6 h in a biphasic water/n-butanol solvent. A high reaction temperature resulted in further hydrogenation to 2-methyl furan, while a high hydrogen pressure led to a side hydrogenation reaction to xylitol. The biphasic solvent allowed xylose solvation as well as furfuryl product extraction. The acidic –SO3H sites and Cu sites co-existed, maintained a balance, and cooperatively catalyzed the cascade conversion. Excessive acidic sites and large pores could promote the xylose conversion, although a low furfuryl alcohol yield was obtained. This catalytic system could be potentially applied to the one-pot synthesis of furfuryl alcohol from hemicellulose-derived xylose.

Fat deposition traits are influenced by genetics and environment, which affect meat quality, growth rate, and energy metabolism of domestic animals. However, at present, the molecular mechanism of fat deposition is not entirely understood in beef cattle. Therefore, the current study conducted transcriptomics and lipid metabolomics analysis of subcutaneous, visceral, and abdominal adipose tissue (SAT, VAT, and AAT) of Huaxi cattle to investigate the differences among these adipose tissues and systematically explore how candidate genes interact with metabolites to affect fat deposition. These results demonstrated that compared with SAT, the gene expression patterns and metabolite contents of VAT and AAT were more consistent. Particularly, SCD expression, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and triglyceride (TG) content were higher in SAT, whereas PCK1 expression and the contents of saturated fatty acid (SFA), diacylglycerol (DG), and lysoglycerophosphocholine (LPC) were higher in VAT. Notably, in contrast to PCK1, 10 candidates including SCD, ELOVL6, ACACA, and FABP7 were identified to affect fat deposition through positively regulating MUFA and TG, and negatively regulating SFA, DG, and LPC. These findings uncovered novel gene resources and offered a theoretical basis for future investigation of fat deposition in beef cattle.

A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) doped PbO

Bimetallic Cu-Fe catalysts with low loading were prepared for hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate (EL) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO). Among them, 2.8Cu-3.5Fe/SBA-15 (Cu/Fe molar ratio of 1:1.5) performed best, capable of converting EL to the key intermediate γ-valerolactone (GVL) at 140 °C with 97 % yield. It can also be used to hydrogenate GVL to 1,4-PDO with 92.6 % selectivity or convert EL to 1,4-PDO in one pot. The high activity of the catalyst at such a low loading was attributed to the highly dispersed metal species and the Fe doping effect. Various characterization methods indicated that Fe acted as both structural and electronic modifier to promote the chemical properties of the Cu species. Besides, the incorporation of Fe provided abundant Lewis acid sites and accelerated the reaction process. CuFeO2 was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD. On the basis of a combination of characterization and reaction kinetics, synergistic catalysis by Cu0 and CuFeO2 is considered to be responsible for the excellent performance of the Cu-Fe catalysts.

The solvent effect of methanol on the luminescent property of MOF-CdL2 was theoretically investigated by using DFT and TD-DFT methods. The methanol molecule interacts with CdL2 frameworks through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The frontier MOs analysis revealed that the luminescent mechanisms of the CdL2 motif and the hydrogen-bonded complex are both LLCT. The calculations on geometry, IR, and 1H NMR demonstrated the strengthening of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the S1 state. Calculated fluorescent lifetime indicated a smaller quantum yield of hydrogen-bonded CdL2-CH3OH comparing to the CdL2. It can be attributed to the strengthening of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the S1 state which increases the non-radiative processes and decreased the fluorescent emission. Thus, it can be speculated that the methanol competes with the gust molecules for the luminescent response of CdL2 through hydrogen bonding to the framework. The solvent methanol plays a negative role in the luminescence of CdL2.

BackgroundThe development of skeletal muscle in pigs during the embryonic stage is precisely regulated by transcriptional mechanisms, which depend on chromatin accessibility. However, how chromatin accessibility plays a regulatory role during embryonic skeletal muscle development in pigs has not been reported. To gain insight into the landscape of chromatin accessibility and the associated genome-wide transcriptome during embryonic muscle development, we performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses of skeletal muscle from pig embryos at 45, 70 and 100 days post coitus (dpc).ResultsIn total, 21,638, 35,447 and 60,181 unique regions (or peaks) were found across the embryos at 45 dpc (LW45), 70 dpc (LW70) and 100 dpc (LW100), respectively. More than 91% of the peaks were annotated within − 1 kb to 100 bp of transcription start sites (TSSs). First, widespread increases in specific accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) from embryos at 45 to 100 dpc suggested that the regulatory mechanisms became increasingly complicated during embryonic development. Second, the findings from integrated ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses showed that not only the numbers but also the intensities of ACRs could control the expression of associated genes. Moreover, the motif screening of stage-specific ACRs revealed some transcription factors that regulate muscle development-related genes, such as MyoG, Mef2c, and Mef2d. Several potential transcriptional repressors, including E2F6, OTX2 and CTCF, were identified among the genes that exhibited different regulation trends between the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data.ConclusionsThis work indicates that chromatin accessibility plays an important regulatory role in the embryonic muscle development of pigs and regulates the temporal and spatial expression patterns of key genes in muscle development by influencing the binding of transcription factors. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics of genes involved in pig embryonic skeletal muscle development.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Insertion size distribution of all libraries. A, B and C show the insertion sizes of the LW45, LW70 and LW100 libraries, respectively. Fig. S2. Heatmap of the peak signals across the gene body in each library. A, B and C show the results for the LW45, LW70 and LW100 libraries, respectively. Fig. S3. Heatmap of all genes at all stages. Fig. S4. Percentages of ACR-associated gene expression levels in different groups. The genes contained multiple ACRs in the proximal promoter regions were grouped according to the total peak length and were then divided into three equal groups (the top, middle and bottom groups). The expression levels of the genes were divided into five groups based on the FPKM values: 0–2, 2–5, 5–10, 10–30, and 30-more. Fig. S5. The landscape of stage-specific ACRs related genes and DPIs related genes. (a) Heatmap of all expressed genes contained stage-specific ACRs at the LW45, LW70 and LW100 stages. The red color indicates high expression level; whereas the green color indicates low expression level. (b) The distribution of the pearson correlation coefficient between the peak intensity and expression level of each DPI-related gene. Fig. S6. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified in the proximal promoter regions of cluster 3 genes with specific ACRs at the LW45 stage. Fig. S7. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified in the proximal promoter regions of cluster 3 genes with specific ACRs at the LW70 stage. Fig. S8. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified in the proximal promoter regions of cluster 2 genes with specific ACRs at the LW100 stage. Fig. S9. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified in the proximal promoter regions of cluster 5 genes with specific ACRs at the LW100 stage. Fig. S10. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified from the common ACRs showing DPIs in the LW70 vs LW45 comparison. Fig. S11. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified from the common ACRs showing DPIs in the LW100 vs LW70 comparison. Fig. S12. Enrichment of known TF motifs identified from the common ACRs showing DPIs in the LW100 vs LW45 comparison.

Background Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) are homozygous segments of the genome where the two haplotypes inherited from the parents are identical. The current availability of genotypes for a very large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is leading to more accurate characterization of ROHs in the whole genome. Here, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of ROHs in 3,692 Large White pigs and compared estimates of inbreeding coefficients calculated based on ROHs (FROH), homozygosity (FHOM), genomic relationship matrix (FGRM) and pedigree (FPED). Furthermore, we identified genomic regions with high ROH frequencies and annotated their candidate genes. Results In total, 176,182 ROHs were identified from 3,569 animals, and all individuals displayed at least one ROH longer than 1 Mb. The ROHs identified were unevenly distributed on the autosomes. The highest and lowest coverages of Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) by ROH were on SSC14 and SSC13, respectively. The highest pairwise correlation among the different inbreeding coefficient estimates was 0.95 between FROH_total and FHOM, while the lowest was − 0.083 between FGRM and FPED. The correlations between FPED and FROH using four classes of ROH lengths ranged from 0.18 to 0.37 and increased with increasing ROH length, except for ROH > 10 Mb. Twelve ROH islands were located on four chromosomes (SSC1, 4, 6 and 14). These ROH islands harboured genes associated with reproduction, muscular development, fat deposition and adaptation, such as SIRT1, MYPN, SETDB1 and PSMD4. Conclusion FROH can be used to accurately assess individual inbreeding levels compared to other inbreeding coefficient estimators. In the absence of pedigree records, FROH can provide an alternative to inbreeding estimates. Our findings can be used not only to effectively increase the response to selection by appropriately managing the rate of inbreeding and minimizing the negative effects of inbreeding depression but also to help detect genomic regions with an effect on traits under selection.

Additional file 2: Table S2 GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched (P

Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene content inside run-of-homozygosity islands.

A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) doped PbO2 anode with a highly hydrophobicity was fabricated by electrodeposition method. In this process, vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2NTs) are formed by the anodic oxidation of Ti plates as an intermediate layer for PbO2 electrodeposition. The characterization of the electrodes indicated that PTFE was successfully introduced to the electrode surface, the TiO2NTs were completely covered with β-PbO2 particles and gave it a large surface area, which also limited the growth of its crystal particles. Compared with the conventional Ti/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2 electrode, the Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2-PTFE electrode has enhanced surface hydrophobicity, higher oxygen evolution potential, lower electrochemical impedance, with more active sites, and generate more hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which were enhanced by the addition of PTFE nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic performance of the three electrodes were investigated using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the model pollutant. The efficiency of the DBP removal of the three electrodes was in the order: Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2-PTFE > Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2 > Ti/PbO2. The degradation process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model well, with rate constants of 0.1326, 0.1266, and 0.1041 h−1 for the three electrodes, respectively. The lowest energy consumption (6.1 kWh g−1) was obtained after 8 h of DBP treatment using Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2-PTFE compared to Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2 (6.7 kWh g−1) and Ti/PbO2 (7.4 kWh g−1) electrodes. Moreover, the effects of current density, initial pH and electrolyte concentration were investigated. Finally, the products of the DBP degradation process were verified based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and possible degradation pathways were described.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified DENND1A as a potential candidate gene linked to the fertility-related phenotypes in dairy cows. However, to date, no studies have examined the association of the DENND1A insertion/deletions (indels) to bovine fertility on a large scale. Herein, two indel sites, including P4-del-26-bp and P8-ins-15-bp were identified in 1064 Holstein cows. The values of the minor allelic frequency (MAF) ranged between 0.471 (deletion) and 0.230 (deletion), respectively, and combined four different haplotypes by analyzing the haplotype combination. It is noteworthy that P4-del-26-bp is associated with the ovarian width (P = 0.0004) and corpus luteum diameter (P = 0.004). Meanwhile, P8-ins-15-bp was found to have a significant association with the ovarian width (P = 0.020), ovarian weight (P = 0.004), the number of mature follicles (P = 0.020), and diameter of the mature follicles (P = 0.016). Furthermore, the combinatorial analysis showed that the two indel combined-genotypes were significantly related to several reproductive traits (ovarian width, ovarian weight, etc.). Collectively, our findings indicated that these two novel indels and their combinations are correlated with the reproductive traits, and hence, they can serve in the marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cattle breeding. Nevertheless, further functional experiments are needed for understanding the mechanisms of these indels in cattle reproduction in a better way.

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous homozygous genotype segments in the genome that are present in an individual since the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of ROH in the genomes of Landrace, Songliao black and Yorkshire pigs. We calculated two types of genome inbreeding coefficients and their correlation, including the inbreeding coefficient based on ROH (FROH) and the inbreeding coefficient based on the difference between the observed and expected number of homozygous genotypes (FHOM). Furthermore, we identified candidate genes in the genomic region most associated with ROH. We identified 21,312 ROH in total. The average number of ROH per individual was 32.99 &plusmn, 0.38 and the average length of ROH was 6.40 &plusmn, 0.070 Mb in the three breeds. The FROH results showed that Yorkshire pigs exhibited the highest level of inbreeding (0.092 &plusmn, 0.0015) and that Landrace pigs exhibited the lowest level of inbreeding (0.073 &plusmn, 0.0047). The average correlation between FROH and FHOM was high (0.94) within three breeds. The length of ROH provides insight into the inbreeding history of these three pig breeds. In this study, Songliao black pigs presented a higher frequency and average length of long ROH (&gt, 40 Mb) compared with those of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, which indicated greater inbreeding in recent times. Genes related to reproductive traits (GATM, SPATA46, HSD17B7, VANGL2, DAXX, CPEB1), meat quality traits (NR1I3, APOA2, USF1) and energy conversion (NDUFS2) were identified within genomic regions with a high frequency of ROH. These genes could be used as target genes for further marker-assisted selection and genome selection.

MAX phase materials have shown a series of interesting, even sometimes unusual, properties and exhibited combined attributes of both metals and ceramics, which are due to their “layered ternary transition metal carbides” structures. In the process of studying the multistage phase transformation of 312-MAX phase materials, we found that there were some confusions and mistakes when describing the crystal structures of the β-phase in the existing literature. In order to clarify their structural and physical properties, the β-phase Ti3SiC2 materials have been prepared by using 500 keV He2+-ion irradiation-induced phase transformation and examined by first-principles calculations and Rietveld analysis of grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns. Two accurate descriptions of the β-Ti3SiC2 structure are given here. In order to avoid confusion again, it is recommended to use one of the two descriptions uniformly. In addition, some physical properties parameters of β-Ti3SiC2 have been calculated and compared, which also confirmed the correctness of the structure description. Finally, the vacancy formation energies of β-Ti3SiC2 have been predicted and discussed in detail from the points of phase stability and transformation for the first time.

It is a unique feature that fat can be deposited in sheep tails and rumps. To elucidate the genetic mechanism underlying this trait, we collected 120 individuals from three Chinese indigenous sheep breeds with extreme tail types, namely large fat-tailed sheep (n = 40), Altay sheep (n = 40), and Tibetan sheep (n = 40), and genotyped them using the Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip. Then genomic scan for selection signatures was performed using the hapFLK. In total, we identified 25 genomic regions exhibiting evidence of having been under selection. Bioinformatic analysis of the genomic regions showed that selection signatures related to multiple candidate genes had a demonstrated role in phenotypic variation. Nine genes have documented association with sheep tail types, including WDR92, TBX12, WARS2, BMP2, VEGFA, PDGFD, HOXA10, ALX4, and ETAA1. Moreover, a number of genes were of particular interest, including RXFP2 associated with the presence/absence and morphology of horns, MITF involved in coat color, LIN52 and SYNDIG1L related to the number of teats, MSRB3 gene associated with ear sizes, LTBP2 considered as a positional candidate genes for number of ribs, JAZF1 regulating lipid metabolism, PGRMC2, SPAG17, TSHR, GTF2A1, and LARP1B implicated with reproductive traits. Our findings provide insights into fat tail formation and a reference for carrying out molecular breeding and conservation in sheep.

Radiation-induced defect annealing in He+ ion-implanted 4H-SiC via H+ ion irradiation is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. There are 4H-SiC wafers irradiated with 230 keV He+ ions with fluences ranging from 5.0x10(15) cm(-2) to 2.0 x 10(16) cm(-2) at room temperature. The post-implantation samples are irradiated by 260 keV H+ ions at a fluence of 5.0 x 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The intensities of Raman lines decrease after He implantation, while they increase after H irradiation. The experimental results present that the magnitude of Raman line increment is related to the concentration of pre-existing defects formed by He implantation. A strong new peak located near 966 cm(-1), which is assigned to 3C-SiC LO (Gamma) phonon, is found in the He-implanted sample with a fluence of 5.0 x 10(15) cm(-2) followed by H irradiation. However, for the He-implanted sample with a fluence of 2.0 x 10(16) cm(-2) followed by H irradiation, no 3C-SiC phonon vibrations are found. The detailed reason for H irradiation-induced phase transformation in the He-implanted 4H-SiC is discussed.

The compressive strength of the original bone tissue was tested, based on the raw human thigh bone, bovine bone, pig bone and goat bone. The four different bone-like apatites were prepared by calcining the raw bones at 800 degrees C for 8 hours to remove organic components. The comparison of composition and structure of bone-like apatite from different bone sources was carried out with a composition and structure test. The results indicated that the compressive strength of goat bone was similar to that of human thigh bone, reached (135.00 +/- 7.84) MPa; Infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results showed that the bone-like apatite from goat bone was much closer to the structure and phase composition of bone-like apatite of human bones. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) test results showed that the content of trace elements of bone-like apatite from goat bone was closer to that of apatite of human bone. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) results showed that the Ca/P value of bone-like apatite from goat bone was also close to that of human bone, ranged to 1.73 +/- 0.033. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) patterns indicated that the macrographs of the apatite from human bone and that of goat bone were much similar to each other. Considering all the results above, it could be concluded that the goat bone-like apatite is much similar to that of human bone. It can be used as a potential natural bioceramic material in terms of material properties.