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AbstractPouteria caimito is a commercially valuable tropical fruit tree and has medicinal effects in Brazilian folklore. In this thesis, thirteen compounds were isolated for the first time from the fruit of P. caimito by ethanol extraction and various chromatographic column chromatography methods. The thirteen compounds were identified by NMR, HR-ESI-MS and various physicochemical data to contain nine triterpenoids. The results of activity screening experiments showed that compounds 2, 3 and 5 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, while most of the triterpenoids exhibited anti-RSV, and anti-HSV activity to varying degrees. Based on these results, the content of compound 5 was determined due to its good pharmacological activity to be 13.3250 mg/kg in the fresh fruit. This study scientifically demonstrated the health benefits of consuming P. caimito fruits and also provided new ideas for further development and utilization of P. caimito. It not only has good potential as an anti-inflammatory or antiviral functional food but also can be considered a natural source of triterpenoids.

BackgroundThe Scn3b gene encodes for Navβ3, a pivotal regulatory subunit of the fast sodium channel in cardiomyocytes. However, its mutation status in the Chinese population suffering from Brugada Syndrome (BrS) has not been characterized, and the contributory pathophysiological mechanisms to disease pathology remain undefined.Methods and ResultsA Scn3b (c.260C>T, p.P87l) mutation was identified in a patient with BrS of Chinese descent. Functional analyses demonstrated that sodium channel activation for the wild type, mutant samples, and co-expression of both commenced at −55 mv and peaked at −25 mv. The mutant group exhibited a notable reduction, approximately 60%, in peak sodium channel activation current (INa) at −25 mv. The parameters for half-maximal activation voltages (V1/2) and slope factors (k) showed no significant differences when comparing wild type, mutant, and combined expression groups (P = 0.98 and P = 0.65, respectively). Additionally, no significant disparities were evident in terms of the steady-state sodium channel inactivation parameters V1/2 and k (with P-values of 0.85 and 0.25, respectively), nor were there significant differences in the activation time constant τ (P = 0.59) and late sodium current density (P = 0.23) across the wild-type, mutant, and co-expressed groups. Confocal imaging and Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased plasma membrane localization of SCN3B and SCN5A in the P87l group. Computational simulations of cardiac action potentials suggested that SCN3B P87l can alter the morphology of the action potentials within the endocardium and epicardium while reducing the peak of depolarization.ConclusionsThe pathogenic impact of the Scn3b P87l mutation predominantly originates from a reduction in peak INa activation current coupled with decreased cell surface expression of Nav1.5 and Navβ3. These alterations may influence cardiac action potential configurations and contribute to the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in individuals with BrS.

ABSTRACT Introduction: According to the American Heart Association guideline for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), female patients undergoing on-pump CABG (ONCAB) are at higher risk of short-term adverse outcomes than male patients. However, whether off-pump CABG (OPCAB) can improve the short-term outcome of female patients compared to ONCAB remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to study the effect of the female sex on short-term outcomes of OPCAB vs. ONCAB. A total of 31,115 patients were enrolled in 12 studies, including 20,245 females who underwent ONCAB and 10,910 females who underwent OPCAB. Results: The in-hospital mortality in female patients who underwent OPCAB was significantly lower than in those in the ONCAB group with (2.7% vs. 3.4%; odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.89) and without (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89) adjustment for cardiovascular risk factor. The incidence of postoperative stroke in female patients who underwent OPCAB was lower than in those in the ONCAB group (1.2% vs. 2.1%; OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.48-0.73) before cardiovascular risk factor adjustment but was not significant (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0,66-1.16) after adjustment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction between women who underwent OPCAB and those in the ONCAB group (1.3% vs. 2.3%; OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.54-1.43). Conclusion: In contrast to the American Heart Association CABG guideline, female patients who had OPCAB don’t have unfavorable outcomes compared with the ONCAB group.

Although deep neural networks perform well in many areas,research shows that deep neural networks are vulnerable to attacks from adversarial examples.There are many algorithms for attacking neural networks,but the attack speed of most attack algorithms is slow.Therefore,the rapid generation of adversarial examples has gradually become the focus of research in the area of adversarial examples.AdvGAN is an algorithm that uses the network to attack another network,which can generate adversarial samples extremely faster than other methods.However,when carrying out a targeted attack,AdvGAN needs to train a network for each target,so the efficiency of the attack is low.In this article,we propose a multi-target attack network(MTA) based on the generative adversarial network,which can complete multi-target attacks and quickly generate adversarial examples by training only once.Experiments show that MTA has a higher success rate for targeted attacks on the CIFAR10 and MNIST datasets than AdvGAN.We have also done adversarial sample transfer experiments and attack experiments under defense.The results show that the transferability of the adversarial examples generated by MTA is stronger than other multi-target attack algorithms,and our MTA method also has a higher attack success rate under defense.

Introduction: According to the American Heart Association guideline for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), female patients undergoing on-pump CABG (ONCAB) are at higher risk of short-term adverse outcomes than male patients. However, whether off-pump CABG (OPCAB) can improve the short-term outcome of female patients compared to ONCAB remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to study the effect of the female sex on short-term outcomes of OPCAB vs. ONCAB. A total of 31,115 patients were enrolled in 12 studies, including 20,245 females who underwent ONCAB and 10,910 females who underwent OPCAB. Results: The in-hospital mortality in female patients who underwent OPCAB was significantly lower than in those in the ONCAB group with (2.7% vs. 3.4%; odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.89) and without (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89) adjustment for cardiovascular risk factor. The incidence of postoperative stroke in female patients who underwent OPCAB was lower than in those in the ONCAB group (1.2% vs. 2.1%; OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.48-0.73) before cardiovascular risk factor adjustment but was not significant (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0,66-1.16) after adjustment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction between women who underwent OPCAB and those in the ONCAB group (1.3% vs. 2.3%; OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.54-1.43). Conclusion: In contrast to the American Heart Association CABG guideline, female patients who had OPCAB don't have unfavorable outcomes compared with the ONCAB group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial security issues have always been an important and urgent issue globally.Industrial control protocols are widely used in the communication between industrial control system(ICS) components.Their security is related to the safe and stable operation of the entire system,and there is an urgent need to ensure the security of all industrial control protocols.The network protocol fuzzing plays an important role in ensuring the security and reliability of ICS.Traditional fuzzing methods can improve the security testing of industrial control protocols,and many of which have practical applications.However,most traditional fuzzing methods rely heavily on specifications of industrial control protocols,making the test process costly,time-consuming,cumbersome and boring.If the norm does not exist,the task is difficult to carry out.This paper proposes an intelligent and automatic protocol fuzzing method based on pointer-generation networks(PGN),and gives a series of performance indicators.On the basis of this method,an intelligent and automatic fuzzing framework based on PGNFuzz for application is designed,which can be used for various industrial control protocols.Several typical industrial control protocols such as Modbus and EtherCAT are used to test the validity and efficiency of our framework.Experiment results show that our method is superior to other general purpose fuzzers(GPF) and other deep learning based fuzzing methods in terms of convenience,effectiveness and efficiency.