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The complete mitochondrial genome of Pontia edusa was sequenced and analyzed in the study. The length of the complete mitogenome is 15,125 bp, including 37 genes and a control region. Twelve genes start with typical ATN, but COI gene initiate with a CGA codon. Twelve of 13 PCGs have a complete stop codon TAA or TAG except for COI has an incomplete stop codon T––. Twenty-one of the 22 tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure. The tRNASer(AGN) gene lacked the DHU loop. Bayesian analyses highly support the monophyly of Pieridae. In Pieridae, P. edusa is subordinate to the Pierinae clade.

The Athetis pallidipennis belongs to Noctuidae in Lepidoptera. The complete mitogenome of A. pallidipennis was described in this study, which is typical circular duplex molecules and 15,344 bp in l...

The Hestina assimilis belongs to Nymphalidae in Lepidoptera. We described the complete mitogenome of H. assimilis, which is typical circular duplex molecules and 15,262 bp in length, contai...

The Anarta trifolii belongs to Noctuidae in Lepidoptera. The complete mitogenome of A. trifolii was described in this study, which is typical circular duplex molecules and 15,281 bp in length, cont...

The Spitzer Extended Deep Survey (SEDS) as a deep and wide mid-infrared (MIR) survey project provides a sample of 500000+ sources spreading 1.46 square degree and a depth of 26 AB mag (3$\sigma$). Combining with the previous available data, we build a PSF-matched multi-wavelength photometry catalog from u band to 8$\mu$m. We fit the SEDS galaxies spectral energy distributions by the local galaxy templates. The results show that the SEDS galaxy can be fitted well, indicating the high redshift galaxy ($z \sim 1$) shares the same templates with the local galaxies. This study would facilitate the further study of the galaxy luminosity and high redshift mass function., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Apatura laverna is subordinate to Apatura Fabricius of Nymphalidae, and endemic to China. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. laverna was sequenced and analyzed in the study. The length of the ...

How does the low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) form stars and assemble the stellar mass is one of the most important questions to understand the LSBG population. We select a sample of 381 HI bright LSBGs with both Far Ultraviolet (FUV) and Near Infrared (NIR) observation to investigate the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass scales, and the growth mode. We measure the UV and NIR radius of our sample, which represent the star-forming and stellar mass distribution scales. We also compare the UV and H band radius-stellar mass relation with the archive data, to identify the SFR and stellar mass structure difference between the LSBG population and other galaxies. Since galaxy HI mass has a tight correlation with the HI radius, we can also compare the HI and UV radii to understand the distribution of the HI gas and star formation activities. Our results show that most of the HI selected LSBGs have extended star formation structure. The stellar mass distribution of LSBGs may have a similar structure as the disk galaxies at the same stellar mass bins, while the star-forming activity of LSBGs happens at a larger radius than the high surface density galaxies, which may help to select the LSBG sample from the wide-field deep u band image survey. The HI also distributed at a larger radius, implying a steeper (or no) Kennicutt-Schmidt relation for LSBGs., Comment: Accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)

Two parasitoids, Metapelma beijingense Yang (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Spathius ochus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are redescribed and illustrated. Both were reared from Coraebus cavifrons Descarpentries & Villiers (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) boring in Symplocos stellaris Brand (Symplocaceae). Metapelma beijingense is a solitary parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 13.5% and S. ochus is a gregarious parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 21.2%. A revised key to Oriental and Palaearctic species of Metapelma Westwood and a key to the species of the Spathius labdacus-group are provided.

Two parasitoids, Metapelma beijingense Yang (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Spathius ochus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are redescribed and illustrated. Both were reared from Coraebus cavifrons Descarpentries & Villiers (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) boring in Symplocos stellaris Brand (Symplocaceae). Metapelma beijingense is a solitary parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 13.5% and S. ochus is a gregarious parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 21.2%. A revised key to Oriental and Palaearctic species of Metapelma Westwood and a key to the species of the Spathius labdacus-group are provided.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) were acquired. The mitogenomes of H. persimilis and H. nama are 15,252 bp and 15,208 bp in length, respectively. These two mitogenomes have the typical composition, including 37 genes and a control region. The start codons of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the two mitogenomes are the typical codon pattern ATN, except CGA in the cox1 gene. Twenty-one tRNA genes show a typical clover leaf structure, however, trnS1(AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem. The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS of two species were predicted, and there are several new stem loops near the 5′ of rrnL secondary structure. Based on comparative genomic analysis, four similar conservative structures can be found in the control regions of these two mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses were performed on mitogenomes of Nymphalidae. The phylogenetic trees show that the relationships among Nymphalidae are generally identical to previous studies, as follows: Libytheinae\Danainae + ((Calinaginae + Satyrinae) + Danainae\Libytheinae + ((Heliconiinae + Limenitidinae) + (Nymphalinae + (Apaturinae + Biblidinae)))). Hestinalisnama is apart from Hestina, and closely related to Apatura, forming monophyly.

The Mycalesis intermedia belongs to Nymphalidae in Lepidoptera. We described the complete mitogenome of M. intermedia, which is typical circular duplex molecules and 15,386 bp in length, containing the standard metazoan set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and an A + T-rich region with macro-repeat sequences. All the inferred tRNA secondary structures show the common cloverleaf pattern, with the exception of trnS1(AGN) which lacks the DHU arm. The M. intermedia mitochondrial genome has the same gene order with other lepidopterans.

We present high-resolution (0.17\arcsec $\times$ 0.14\arcsec) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the CO\,(6-5) line, and 435\um\ dust continuum emission within a $\sim$9\arcsec $\times$ 9\arcsec\ area centered on the nucleus of the galaxy NGC\,5135. NGC\,5135 is a well-studied luminous infrared galaxy that also harbors a Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN). At the achieved resolution of 48 $\times$ 40\,pc, the CO\,(6-5) and dust emissions are resolved into gas "clumps" along the symmetrical dust lanes associated with the inner stellar bar. The clumps have radii between $\sim$45-180\,pc and CO\,(6-5) line widths of $\sim$60-88\,\kms. The CO\,(6-5) to dust continuum flux ratios vary among the clumps and show an increasing trend with the \FeII/Br-$\gamma$ ratios, which we interpret as evidence for supernova-driven shocked gas providing a significant contribution to the \co65\ emission. The central AGN is undetected in continuum, nor in CO\,(6-5) if its line velocity width is no less than $\sim$\,40\,\kms. We estimate that the AGN contributes at most 1\% of the integrated CO\,(6-5) flux of 512 $\pm$ 24$\,$Jy\kms\ within the ALMA field of view, which in turn accounts for $\sim$32\% of the CO\,(6-5) flux of the whole galaxy., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

We present a spectroscopic redshift catalog from the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap (SGC), which is designed to observe all sources (Galactic and extra-galactic) by using repeating observations with a limiting magnitude of $r=18.1~mag$ in two $20~deg^2$ fields. The project is mainly focusing on the completeness of LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys (LEGAS) in the SGC, the deficiencies of source selection methods and the basic performance parameters of LAMOST telescope. In both fields, more than 95% of galaxies have been observed. A post-processing has been applied to LAMOST 1D spectrum to remove the majority of remaining sky background residuals. More than 10,000 spectra have been visually inspected to measure the redshift by using combinations of different emission/absorption features with uncertainty of $\sigma_{z}/(1+z), Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 2 MRT, accepted by ApJS

We have obtained CO(J=2-1) spectra of nine face-on low surface brightness galaxies(LSBGs) using the JCMT 15-meter telescope and observed Ha images using the 2.16-meter telescope of NAOC. As no CO has been detected, only upper limits on the H2 masses are given. The upper limits of total molecular hydrogen masses are about (1.2-82.4) x 10^7 Msun. Their star formation rates are mainly lower than 0.4 Msun/yr and star formation efficiencies are lower than 1.364 x 10^10 /yr. Our results show that the absence of molecular gas content is the direct reason for the low star formation rate. The low star formation efficiency probably resulted from the low efficiency of HI gas transforming to H2 gas., 27 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in AJ

The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia (GenBank accession no. JF437925) was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN,except for the COI’s using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the A. ilia mitogenome with ten other Nymphalidae species showed nearly identical gene orientation and arrangement, with only a few alterations in non-coding fragments. The nucleotide composition and codon frequency all fell into the range estimated for the order Lepidoptera. The A. ilia mitochondrial genome had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with an unique exception of tRNASer(AGN). The mitochondrial genes from A. ilia were overlapped in a total of 33 bp at 9 locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 155 bp intergenic spacers, spread over 12 regions with the size ranging from 1 to 49 bp.Furthermore, the spacer between ND6 and Cyt b harbored a microsatellite-like repeat (TA)23 not found in other completely sequenced nymphalid genomes. The 403 bp AT-rich region harbored two conserved motifs (ATAGA,ATTTA), a 21 bp polyT stretch, a 10 bp poly-A region, along with two microsatellite-like repeats ((TA)10and (TA)7), as detected in other nymphalid butterflies

We selected 82 u-band variable objects based on the u-band photometry data from SCUSS and SDSS, in the field of LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area at Southern Galactic Cap. The magnitude variation of the targets is restricted to larger than 0.2 mag and limiting magnitude down to 19.0 mag in u-band. According to the spectra from LAMOST, there are 11 quasars with red-shift between 0.4 and 1.8, 60 variable stars and 11 unidentified targets. The variable stars include one active M-dwarf with a series of Balmer emission lines, seven Horizontal Branch stars containing six RR Lyrae stars matching with SIMBAD, and one giant, one AGB star and two RR Lyrae candidates by different colour selections. All these variable stars mainly locate near the main sequence in the g-r verse u-g diagram. The quasars are well distinguished from stars by both u-g colour and variation in u-band., 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in APSS

The LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LCSSPA) at Southern Galactic Cap (SGC), is one of the LAMOST Key Project, designed to complete the spectroscopic observations of all Galactic and extra-galactic sources in two selected fields of 20 degrees2 at SGC, with the limiting magnitude of r = 18.1 mag. The main purposes of the project are focused on the completeness of the LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys (LEGAS), testing the selection methods of galaxies and stars, and obtaining the basic performance parameters of the LAMOST telescope. Meanwhile the scientific studies include galaxies, clusters of galaxies, variable sources (quasars and variable stars), infrared excess stars and luminous infrared galaxies. The project has considerable scientific value since it is the most complete spectral data in LEGAS up to now. The project completed its observation in the early of 2014, and obtained at least 5000 spectra of galaxies and 25000 spectra of stars.

Sasakia funebris , a member of the lepidopteran family, Nymphalidae (superfamily Papilionoidea) is a rare species and is found only in some areas of South China. In this study, the 15,233 bp long complete mitochondrial genome of S. funebris was determined, and harbors the gene arrangement identical to all other sequenced lepidopteran insects. The nucleotide composition of the genome is highly A + T biased, accounting for 81.2%. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with typical ATN codons, except for COI which begins with the CGA codon. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for tRNA Ser(AGN) , the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of which forms a simple loop. The S. funebris A + T-rich region of 370 bp contains several features common to the Lepidoptera insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by a 19 bp poly-T stretch, and two tandem repeats consisting of 18 bp repeat units and 14 bp repeat units. The phylogenetic analyses of Apaturinae based on mitogenome sequences showed: ( S. funebris + Sasakia charonda ) + ( Apatura metis + Apatura ilia ). This result is consistent with the morphological classification.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia (GenBank accession no. JF437925) was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN, except for the COI's using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the A. ilia mitogenome with ten other Nymphalidae species showed nearly identical gene orientation and arrangement, with only a few alterations in non-coding fragments. The nucleotide composition and codon frequency all fell into the range estimated for the order Lepidoptera. The A. ilia mitochondrial genome had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with an unique exception of tRNA(Ser) (AGN). The mitochondrial genes from A. ilia were overlapped in a total of 33 bp at 9 locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 155 bp intergenic spacers, spread over 12 regions with the size ranging from 1 to 49 bp. Furthermore, the spacer between ND6 and Cyt b harbored a microsatellite-like repeat (TA)(23) not found in other completely sequenced nymphalid genomes. The 403 bp AT-rich region harbored two conserved motifs (ATAGA, ATTTA), a 21 bp polyT stretch, a 10 bp poly-A region, along with two microsatellite-like repeats ( (TA)(10) and (TA)(7)), as detected in other nymphalid butterflies.