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Abstract Objective To explore the correlation between serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Patients with COPD who were admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and March 2023 were retrospectively studied. Based on whether their condition progressed to the acute exacerbation stage, they were divided into an exacerbation group (100 cases) and a stability group (100 cases). The clinical data from both groups were analysed to assess the correlations between serum bilirubin, blood uric acid, CRP, and the severity of COPD. Results: Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (t = 5.678, P

BackgroundThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) are associated with reduced cardiovascular, diabetes risk, but the effect on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uncertain.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DASH score was assessed through 24-h dietary recall interviews, and OSA diagnosis in individuals was based on predefined criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between DASH and OSA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate the dose–response relationship between DASH score and OSA risk. And comprehensive subgroup and mediation analyses were performed.ResultsAmong the 14,978 participants, 27.01% had OSA. DASH scores had a negative association with the risk of OSA (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88–0.95, p

BackgroundNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is primarily caused by a malfunctioning immune system in which T-cells damage the hypothalamus. To elucidate the causal relationships between biomarkers in T-cells and NT1, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR analysis utilizing genetically predicted T-cell traits to examine their effects on NT1. Genome-wide association study summary data were extracted from studies by Valeria (3,757 participants) for 211 T-cell traits, Ollila (6,073 cases and 84,856 controls) for NT1. The MR analysis was executed at two threshold levels. Inverse variance weighted, Wald ratio, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods were used for the MR analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, and heterogeneity tests, as well as pleiotropy tests, were conducted.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction at the significant level (p

Objective: This study compares endoscopic thyroidectomy by gasless unilateral axillary approach (ETGUA) and sternocleidomastoid leading-edge approach (SLEA) with conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) in hemithyroidectomy. The main focus is on the protection of neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid) and the postoperative function of voice and swallowing yielded through these common approaches. Methods: A total of 302 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy were enrolled and divided into three groups: ETGUA (n = 101), SLEA (n = 100), and COT (n = 101). Ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of bilateral neck muscles, including the sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid, and sternothyroid. The changes in thickness on the surgical side compared to the non-surgical side. Analyzed factors included muscle thickness changes, Swallowing Impairment Score (SIS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR), Neck Injury Index (NII), surgery duration, drainage volume, hospitalization, and number of lymph nodes. Results: The clinical characteristics among the three groups were consistent except for differences in sex, age, and BMI. Metrics such as sternocleidomastoid muscle, NII, hypocalcemia, postoperative PTH, transient hoarseness, and number of lymph nodes showed no significant differences among the three groups. However, significant differences were found in the duration of surgery, drainage volume, hospitalization period omohyoid muscle, Sternohyoid muscle, VHI, SIS, and SCAR (all p

BackgroundThe effects of heart failure (HF) on cortical brain structure remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the causal effects of heart failure on cortical structures in the brain using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR analysis utilizing genetically-predicted HF trait, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels to examine their effects on the cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) across 34 cortical brain regions. Genome-wide association study summary data were extracted from studies by Rasooly (1,266,315 participants) for HF trait, Schmidt (36,548 participants) for LVEF, the SCALLOP consortium (21,758 participants) for NT-proBNP, and the ENIGMA Consortium (51,665 participants) for cortical SA and TH. A series of MR analyses were employed to exclude heterogeneity and pleiotropy, ensuring the stability of the results. Given the exploratory nature of the study, p-values between 1.22E−04 and 0.05 were considered suggestive of association, and p-values below 1.22E−04 were defined as statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, we found no significant association between HF and cortical TH or SA (all p > 1.22E−04). We found that the HF trait and elevated NT-proBNP levels were not associated with cortical SA, but were suggested to decrease cortical TH in the pars orbitalis, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, lingual gyrus, precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus. Reduced LVEF was primarily suggested to decrease cortical SA in the isthmus cingulate gyrus, frontal pole, postcentral gyrus, cuneus, and rostral middle frontal gyrus, as well as TH in the postcentral gyrus. However, it was suggested to causally increase in the SA of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial orbitofrontal cortex and the TH of the entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionWe found 15 brain regions potentially affected by HF, which may lead to impairments in cognition, emotion, perception, memory, language, sensory processing, vision, and executive control in HF patients.

BackgroundCurrent research offers limited clarity on the correlation between waist circumference and chronic pain prevalence.ObjectiveThis investigation seeks to elucidate the potential relationship between waist circumference and chronic pain and their causal association.MethodsAn observational study was conducted, leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2001 and 2004. The multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between waist circumference and chronic pain. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of Mendelian Randomization (MR) was applied to explore a causal relationship between waist circumference and pain.ResultsThe observational study, post multivariable adjustment, indicated that an increase in waist circumference by 1 dm (decimeter) correlates with a 14% elevation in chronic pain risk (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.04–1.24, p = 0.01). Moreover, the meta-analysis of MR demonstrated that an increased waist circumference was associated with a genetic predisposition to pain risk (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.23, p = 0.0007).ConclusionObservational analysis confirmed a significant relationship between increased waist circumference and the incidence of chronic pain, and results based on MR Study identified increased waist circumference as potentially causal for pain.

IntroductionThe oxidative balance score (OBS) is a holistic measure that represents the overall equilibrium between prooxidants and antioxidants in one’s diet and lifestyle. Little research has been conducted on the correlation between OBS and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD). Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to examine the potential correlation between OBS and 10-year risk.MethodsA total of 11,936 participants from the NHANES conducted between 2001 and 2016 were chosen for the study and their dietary and lifestyle factors were used to assess the OBS score. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed in the cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation between OBS and the 10-year ASCVD risk. The cohort study utilized Cox proportional hazards models and RCS to assess the correlation between OBS and all-causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in individuals with high ASCVD risk.ResultsThe cross-sectional study found that the OBS (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98), as well as the dietary OBS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–0.96) and lifestyle OBS (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.69–0.79), were inversely associated with the 10-year ASCVD risk. A significant linear relationship was observed between OBS, dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS, and the 10-year ASCVD risk. The cohort study found that the OBS was inversely associated with all-cause (aHRs = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99) and CVD (aHRs = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98) mortality in individuals with high ASCVD risk. A significant linear correlation was observed between OBS, dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS, and all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with high ASCVD risk.ConclusionThe findings indicate that OBS, OBS related to diet, and OBS related to lifestyle were significantly inversely correlated with the 10-year ASCVD risk. Adopting a healthy eating plan and making positive lifestyle choices that result in increased OBS levels can help lower the likelihood of all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with high ASCVD risk.

ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common comorbidities that significantly impact individuals’ quality of life. However, the relationship between OSA and OA remains unclear. This study aims to explore the connection between OSA and OA and evaluate causality using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsA total of 12,454 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2012) were included. OSA participants were identified based on self-reported interviews. The association between OA and OSA was assessed through multivariable logistic regression analysis. A two-sample MR was employed to investigate the relationship between OSA and OA, specifically hip OA and knee OA, utilizing the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach.ResultsBased on the observational study, individuals with OSA exhibited a higher risk of OA (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.40–1.98). IVW demonstrated that the risk of OA (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.21, p = 0.001), hip OA (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.18, p = 0.002), and knee OA (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, p = 0.005) was significantly associated with OSA. Reverse MR analyses indicated no effect of OA on OSA. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) was found to mediate 36.9% (95% CI, 4.64–73.2%, p = 0.026) of the OSA effects on OA risk.ConclusionThe cross-sectional observational analysis unveiled noteworthy associations between OSA and OA. Meanwhile, findings from the MR study provide support for a causal role.

Abstract The study investigated the association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). This prospective cohort study enrolled participants with OSA from four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2008, and 2015–2018. A weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) models were employed to examine nonlinear relationships between SUA and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Among the 5,584 OSA participants included in the study, covering the four NHANES cycles and with a median follow-up of 4.333 years, a total of 537 deaths were observed, including 108 deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease. Comparing the fourth quartile (Q4) of uric acid levels, both the fifth quartile (Q5) (aHRs = 1.51, 95% CI [1.08, 2.12]) and the second quartile (Q2) (aHRs = 1.53, 95% CI [1.04, 2.25]) of uric acid levels were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, comparing the fourth quartile (Q4) of uric acid levels, the second quartile (Q2) (aHRs = 2.40, 95% CI [1.08, 5.35]) of uric acid levels were independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. The RCS model demonstrated a U-shaped pattern in the association between SUA and all-cause mortality in OSA, with an inflection point observed at 5.83 mg/dl. The findings of this study suggest a U-shaped association between serum SUA levels and all-cause mortality and nonlinearity association between serum SUA levels and all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship between SUA levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Background: For N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients, lateral neck dissection encompassing levels Ⅱ-Ⅴ is generally recommended. However, routine level Ⅱ dissection is controversial given the low incidence of metastasis, and potential complications such as increased shoulder syndrome. Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent lateral neck dissection at a single institution from January 2019 to April 2021 was performed. Clinicopathological features such as age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, TgAb and TPOAb levels, capsular invasion, multifocality and lymph node metastases were examined to evaluate the occurrence of metastatic Level Ⅱ lymph nodes. Results: Overall and occult level Ⅱ metastases were observed in 51.83% and 34.84% of cN1b PTC patients. Multivariant analysis showed that primary tumor, location of primary tumor and positive level Ⅴ can serve as independent risk factors of metastasis in level Ⅱ. For cN1b PTC patients not suspected of level Ⅱ lymph nodes preoperatively, independent risk factors for predicting occult level Ⅱ metastases may include the location of primary tumor, positive level Ⅲ and positive level Ⅴ. Conclusion: A significant number of patients with PTC and lateral neck disease experienced Level Ⅱ metastasis, with the location of primary tumor and multilevel lymph node involvement being the independent risk factors. If the tumor is less than 1 cm and located at lower 2/3 lobe, there is minimal possibility of level Ⅱ lymph node metastasis.

The inserts supporting run-flat tire (ISRFT) is mainly used in military off-road vehicles, which need to maintain high mobility after a blowout. Regulations show that the ISRFT can be driven safely for at least 100 km at a speed of 30 km/h to 40 km/h under zero-pressure conditions. However, the ISRFT generates serious heat during zero-pressure driving, which accelerates the aging of the tire rubber and degrades its performance. In order to study the thermo-mechanical coupling characteristics of the ISRFT, a three-dimensional finite element model verified by bench tests was established. Then, the stress–strain, energy loss and heat generation of the ISRFT were analyzed by the sequential thermo-mechanical coupling method to obtain the steady-state temperature field (SSTF). Finally, four kinds of honeycomb inserts bodies were designed based on the tangent method, and the SSTF of the honeycomb and the original ISRFT were compared. The results indicated that the high-temperature region of the ISRFT is concentrated in the shoulder area. For every 1 km/h increase in velocity, the temperature at the shoulder of the tire increases by approximately 1.6 °C. The SSTF of the honeycomb ISRFT is more uniformly distributed, and the maximum temperature of the shoulder decreases by about 30 °C, but the maximum temperature of the tread increases by about 40 °C. This study provides methodological guidance for investigating the temperature and mechanical characteristics of the ISRFT under zero-pressure conditions.

Globally intensified lake eutrophication, attributed to excessive anthropogenic nitrogen loading, emerges as a significant driver of submerged vegetation degradation. Consequently, the impact of nitrogen on the decline of submerged macrophytes has received increasing attention. However, a functional trait-based approach to exploring the response of submerged macrophytes to nitrogen loading and its environmental feedback mechanism was unclear. Our study utilized two different growth forms of submerged macrophytes (canopy-forming Myriophyllum spicatum, and rosette-forming Vallisneria natans) to established “submerged macrophytes-water–sediment” microcosms. We assessed the influence of nitrogen loading, across four targeted total nitrogen concentrations (original control, 2, 5, 10 mg/L), on plant traits, water parameters, sediment properties, enzyme activities, and microbial characteristics. Our findings revealed that high nitrogen (10 mg/L) adversely impacted the relative growth rate of fresh biomass and total chlorophyll content in canopy-forming M. spicatum, while the chlorophyll a/b and free amino acid content increased. On the contrary, the growth and photosynthetic traits of resource-conservative V. natans were not affected by nitrogen loading. Functional traits (growth, photosynthetic, and stoichiometric) of M. spicatum but not V. natans exhibited significant correlations with environmental variables. Nitrogen loading significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen components in overlying water and pore water. The presence of submerged macrophytes significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen both in overlying water and pore water, and decreased total organic carbon in pore water. Nitrogen loading significantly inhibited sediment extracellular enzyme activities, but the planting of submerged macrophytes mitigated their negative effects. Furthermore, rhizosphere bacterial interactions were less compact compared to bare control, while eukaryotic communities exhibited increased complexity and connectivity. Path modeling indicated that submerged macrophytes mitigated the direct effects of nitrogen loading on overlying water and amplified the indirect effects on pore water, while also attenuating the direct negative effects of pore water on extracellular enzymes. The findings indicated that the restoration of submerged vegetation can mitigate eutrophication resulting from increased nitrogen loading through species-specific changes in functional traits and direct or indirect feedback mechanisms in the water–sediment system.

The electrochemical supercapacitors with high power density, long cycle life, and excellent safety represent one of the most promising energy storage devices for flexible and portable electronics, but their spontaneously rapid drop of open‐circuit voltage (self‐discharge) greatly limits their wide applications. Herein, a series of bilayer heterogeneous polyelectrolyts (BHPs) consisting of a polyanion complex and a polycation complex are designed, to regulate the self‐discharge performance of supercapacitors. The BHP‐based supercapacitors possess comparable energy storage properties with those of devices based on traditional homogeneous polymer electrolyte, but exhibit a unique and noteworthy suppressed effect on the self‐discharge performance of devices. The experimental results and theoretical simulation reveal that the zeta potential difference between the used polyanion/polycation complexes has effect on the self‐discharge rate of BHP‐based supercapacitor, and the electrostatic interaction between polyelectrolytes and the mobile counterions also greatly affects the self‐discharge performance of devices. Herein, the effect of molecular structures and their interaction of polyelectrolyte complexes in BHPs on the electrochemical performance of the resultant supercapacitors are systemmatically investigated, which provides a general strategy to design novel polymer electrolytes to build high‐performance flexible supercapacitors with long self‐discharge time.

Abstract Trazodone has been widely prescribed for off-label use as a sleep aid. Identifying how trazodone impacts the performance of polysomnographic sleep architecture in insomnia disorder will provide additional data that can be used to guide clinical application. To assess the efficacy of trazodone in altering the polysomnographic sleep architecture in insomnia disorder so that sleep can be facilitated. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and the China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched for articles published between inception and June 2022. RCTs in patients with insomnia disorder applying trazodone in one arm of interventions at least 1 week, and reporting PSG parameters in the outcomes were eligible. RoB 2 was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The results of quality of evidence assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. When I 2

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), and medical costs associated with extracapsular tonsillectomy between coblation and monopolar electrocautery in children. Materials and methods This study included 293 patients aged 6–15 years planned to undergo extracapsular tonsillectomy. Data on estimated blood loss, postoperative pain score, operation time, PTH, and the cost of disposable equipment were collected. Results Coblation extracapsular tonsillectomy was associated with significantly lower mean pain scores than monopolar technique on postoperative days 1 (p

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rare disease that requires emergency decompression or haematoma evacuation to prevent permanent neurological deficits. Hemiparesis is an extremely rare presentation of SSEH, commonly misdiagnosed as stroke. With the help of case studies and references, this paper comprehensively discusses the effective methods to distinguish SSEH from stroke and provides theoretical support and ideas for rapid and accurate identification of SSEH. Herein, we report on the case of a 51-year-old man with SSEH who presented with acute hemiparesis and posterior neck pain. Cervical computed tomography (CT) revealed cervical degeneration. A carotid CT angiogram revealed a high-density mass in the C2-C5 right posterolateral epidural region. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging showed SSEH. The patient was conservatively treated and discharged following a full recovery. Rapid identification of SSEH continues to present a great challenge for neurologists. A soft tissue CT scan can be used to quickly and accurately identify SSEH; however, in the absence of cranial signs, Brown-Sequard syndrome, Lhermitte’s sign and Horner syndrome should be used to differentiate SSEH from stroke.

Self-supporting run-flat tires (SSRFTs) achieve good zero-pressure driving ability by reinforcing the sidewalls, and the structural shape of sidewall insert rubber (SIR) is critical in influencing the mechanical characteristics of SSRFTs. In this paper, an SSRFT contour model is established by combining the radial tire contour theory and the design elements of SIR. The influence of two design parameters (maximum width L and maximum thickness H) of SIR on the tire stiffness characteristics and the contact characteristics is analyzed in depth, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the tire mechanics bench test. The results show that the radial stiffness of SSRFTs is positively correlated with two design parameters; an increase in L affects the stress concentration at the end of SIR, while a change in H has a more drastic effect on the stress distribution of SIR, leading to a large change in both the location of the deformation of SIR and the maximum equivalent stress; under rated pressure conditions, when L is less than 100 mm, the overlap between SIR and the tread decreases, which in turn makes the contact characteristics of SSRFTs closer to that of a normal tire, and obtains better comfort and abrasion resistance; under zero-pressure conditions, the maximum contact stress of the tread is the smallest when the H is 8 mm, but when H is less than 6 mm, the contact characteristics appear to deteriorate uniformly, and the maximum contact stress continues to rise. The results of the research provide a reference value for the selection of the design parameters for SIR and the optimization of the dynamic performance of SSRFTs.

Aiming at the problem of sparse measurement points due to test conditions in engineering, a smoothing method based on zero-padding in the wavenumber domain is proposed to increase data density. Firstly, the principle of data extension and smoothing is introduced. The core idea of this principle is to extend the discrete data series by zero-padding in the wavenumber domain. The conversion between the spatial and wavenumber domains is achieved using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). Then, two sets of two-dimensional discrete random data are extended and smoothed, respectively, and the results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm. The method can effectively increase the density of test data in engineering tests, achieve smoothing and extend the application to areas related to data processing.

Abstract Wearable fiber-shaped integrated energy conversion and storage devices have attracted increasing attention, but it remains a big challenge to achieve a common fiber electrode for both energy conversion and storage with high performance. Here, we grow aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) array on continuous graphene (G) tube, and their seamlessly connected structure provides the obtained G/CNTs composite fiber with a unique self-supported hollow structure. Taking advantage of the hollow structure, other active materials (e.g., polyaniline, PANI) could be easily functionalized on both inner and outer surfaces of the tube, and the obtained G/CNTs/PANI composite hollow fibers achieve a high mass loading (90%) of PANI. The G/CNTs/PANI composite hollow fibers can not only be used for high-performance fiber-shaped supercapacitor with large specific capacitance of 472 mF cm−2, but also can replace platinum wire to build fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a high power conversion efficiency of 4.20%. As desired, the integrated device of DSSC and supercapacitor with the G/CNTs/PANI composite hollow fiber used as the common electrode exhibits a total power conversion and storage efficiency as high as 2.1%. Furthermore, the self-supported G/CNTs hollow fiber could be further functionalized with other active materials for building other flexible and wearable electronics.

Abstract The relationships between producers (e.g., macrophytes, phytoplankton and epiphytic algae) and snails play an important role in maintaining the function and stability of shallow ecosystems. Complex relationships exist among macrophytes, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton, and snails. We studied the effects of snail communities (consisting of Radix swinhoei, Hippeutis cantori, Bellamya aeruginosa, and Parafossarulus striatulus) on the biomass of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae as well as on the growth of three species of submerged macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, and one exotic submerged plant, Elodea nuttallii) in a 90‐day outdoor mesocosm experiment conducted on the shore of subtropical Lake Liangzihu, China. A structural equation model showed that the snail communities affected the submerged macrophytes by grazing phytoplankton and epiphytic algae (reduction in phytoplankton Chl‐a and epiphytic algal abundance), enhancing the biomass of submerged macrophytes. Highly branched macrophytes with high surfaces and morphologies and many microhabitats supported the most snails and epiphytic algae (the biomass of the snail communities and epiphytic algae on H. verticillata was greater than that on V. natans), and snails preferred to feed on native plants. Competition drove the snails to change their grazing preferences to achieve coexistence.

Summary: Objective: To explore the quantitative measurements and evaluation of intra-peritoneal fat distribution by MDCT and its significance in predicting intra-operative bleeding volume during D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: From June 2016 to September 2017, GC patients scheduled for open gastrectomy with D2 lymph-node dissection were enrolled. According to the BMI, the subjects were then classified as normal BMI(BMI

Healable and stretchable energy storage devices are gaining interest for wearable electronics and smart textiles. Here the authors report a nanocomposite hydrogel with high stretchability, ionic conductivity, and healing capability for use in a supercapacitor that can stretch 900% after healing.

Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide. In this study, we screened lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suitable for fermenting Shenheling extract (SHLE) to enhance its anti-obesity efficacy and improve flavor. Using SHLE as the medium, a single strain was inoculated and the lactic acid bacteria suitable for growth in SHLE were preliminarily screened through a growth curve. The growth of the initially screened LAB was characterized in detail by the pH value, titration acidity and viable bacteria count. At the same time, appropriate LAB were selected with the lipase activity inhibition rate, α-glucosidase activity inhibition rate and a sensory evaluation as the response indicators. As a result, 6 of the 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria grew well in SHLE. The fermentation of five representative LAB could significantly improve the inhibition rate of the lipase activity of SHLE and maintain the inhibition rate of the α-glucosidase activity at a high level. In addition, fermentation removed the original flavors of SHLE such as grass, bitterness and cassia and added a sour taste, fruity aroma and cool taste. Among them, Lactobacillus fermentum grx08 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm1301 gave SHLE a soft sour taste after fermentation. L. fermentum grx08, L. rhamnosus grx10 and hsryfm1301 imparted a moderately fruity aroma to SHLE after fermentation. In summary, L. fermentum grx08 and L. rhamnosus hsryfm1301 were the candidate strains for fermenting SHLE to produce good-flavored slimming functional drinks.

The relationship between biodiversity and productivity (or biomass production) (BPR) has been a popular topic in macroecology and debated for decades. However, this relationship is poorly understood in macrophyte communities, and the mechanism of the BPR pattern of the aquatic macrophyte community is not clear. We investigated 78 aquatic macrophyte communities in a shallow mesotrophic freshwater lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. We analyzed the relationship between biodiversity (species richness, diversity, and evenness indices) and community biomass, and the effects of water environments and interspecific interactions on biodiversity–biomass patterns. Unimodal patterns between community biomass and diversity indices instead of evenness indices are shown, and these indicate the importance of both the number and abundance of species when studying biodiversity–biomass patterns under mesotrophic conditions. These patterns were moderated by species identity biologically and water depth environmentally. However, water depth determined the distribution and growth of species with different life-forms as well as species identities through environmental filtering. These results demonstrate that water depth regulates the biodiversity–biomass pattern of the aquatic macrophyte community as a result of its effect on species identity and species distribution. Our study may provide useful information for conservation and restoration of macrophyte vegetation in shallow lakes through matching water depth and species or life-form combinations properly to reach high ecosystem functions and services.

The traditional chassis has the problems of low trafficability and poor stability under complex and changeable unstructured conditions. Thus, a wheel rail composite chassis is proposed. The chassis had a tracked travel mechanism at the front wheels and a wheeled travel mechanism at the rear wheels. This study presents the design, theoretical analysis and dynamic simulation analysis of the chassis. The maximum values of the passability of the wheel–track composite chassis that can be passed were calculated according to the relevant parameters. Furthermore, the chassis was modeled and simulated using RecurDyn to verify whether the values were reasonable. According to different values of the terrain, slope, vertical obstacle height and trench width, the change regularity of the track tension and driving torque of the chassis were obtained. The chassis is designed to improve the vehicle’s ability to operate under complex and diverse unstructured conditions.

Submerged macrophytes and epiphytic algae play significant roles in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Submerged macrophytes can influence the epiphytic algal community by directly or indirectly modifying environmental conditions (nutrients, light, etc.). From December to June of the following year, we investigated the dynamics of the dominant winter species Potamogeton crispus, its epiphytic algae, and water quality parameters in the shallow Liangzi Lake in China. The richness of epiphytic algae had a trend similar to that of P. crispus coverage, which increased in the first four months and then decreased in the following three months. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that P. crispus affected the richness of epiphytic algae by reducing nutrient concentrations (reduction in total organic carbon, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand) and enhancing water transparency (reduction in turbidity and total suspend solids) to enhance the richness of epiphytic algae. The results indicated that high amounts of submerged macrophyte cover can increase the richness of the epiphytic algal community by changing water quality.