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6. Uptake and speciation of vanadium in the rhizosphere soils of rape ( Brassica juncea L.)

Author

Tian, Li-Yan, Yang, Jin-Yan, Huang, Jen-How, Tian, Li-Yan, Yang, Jin-Yan, and Huang, Jen-How

Abstract

The response of rape (Brassica juncea L.) to different vanadium (V) speciation in rhizosphere soils was investigated in pot experiments using an agricultural soil containing 147mgVkg−1 supplemented with 0-500mgVkg−1 of pentavalent V [V(V)] and a mining soil containing 774mgVkg−1. Tetravalent V [V(IV)] accounted for 76.1 and 85.9% of total V in the untreated agricultural soil and mining soil, respectively. The proportion of both V(V) and water-extractable V increased with increasing concentrations of V(V) in the agricultural soil. The growth of rape substantially reduced the concentrations of V(V) but not V(IV) in the rhizosphere soil, suggesting that V(V) was actively involved in the soil-rape interaction of V. Both soil V(V) and water-extractable V were negatively related to the total rape biomass, but were positively correlated with the concentration of root V. No such relationships were found for total V and soil V(IV). Together, these results indicate that soil V(V) and water-extractable V might better reflect the toxicity of V in soils than total V and soil V(IV). Rape accumulated V in the sequence: roots > > stem > leaf > seed. As indicated by the remarkably low root bioconcentration factor of V(V) (0.41-7.24%), rape had a lower ability to accumulate V than other plants reported in the literature (14.6-298%). Only a small fraction of V in rape roots was translocated to the aboveground organs (the translocation factor was 3.57-46.9%). No V was detectable in seeds in the soils at 147 and 197mgVkg−1, and no seed was produced in the soils at higher V concentrations. Thus, the risk of V intake by humans via the consumption of rapeseed-based foods under normal conditions is considered to be lower than that of other plants.

Published
2021

7. A Comparison of Different Training Methods in the Successful Learning of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Author

Min Zhou, Wenchao Zhang, Guo Chao Shi, Wei Chen, Ji Min Shen, Yi Xiang, Andrew D. Lerner, Lei Ni, Tian Li Yan, and Jian Ping Zhou

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, education, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bronchoscopy, Humans, Medicine, Medical physics, Endobronchial ultrasound, Set (psychology), Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration, Pulmonologists, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Group (mathematics), Mediastinum, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Training methods, 030228 respiratory system, Learning curve, Learning methods, Education, Medical, Continuing, Female, Lymph Nodes, business, Learning Curve
Abstract

Background: Standardized training of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS- TBNA) is available only in highly developed countries. Objective: To compare the skill differences in the performance of EBUS-TBNA by pulmonologists trained under different learning methods. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 145 EBUS-TBNA cases. We set up 3 comparative training groups: a standardized training group, a teaching group, and a self-study group. The main clinical outcomes were sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA. Cumulative sum analysis was used to track EBUS-TBNA proficiency of the 3 groups. Results: The sensitivities of EBUS-TBNA in the different groups were 90, 88, and 67%, respectively. The accuracies of the different groups were 91, 90, and 71%, respectively. With respect to the sensitivity and accuracy, there was no significant difference between the standardized training group and teaching group. However, the self-study group was inferior to the other 2 groups. By comparing the learning curve among the groups, we found that the minimum number of operations needed to reach a 90% accuracy for the standardized training group, the teaching group and the self-study group was 17, 32 and 40 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with the teaching and self-study groups, the standardized training group resulted in practitioners achieving high skill levels following the performance of a lower number of cases. Pulmonologists trained in the teaching group achieved a similar level of skills, but required more experience to reach this level. Practitioners in the self-study group did not achieve a satisfactory level of skills, despite performing a high number of cases.

Published
2017

8. Research on the Variable Ratio Gear Modeling and Transmission Ratio Test Method of Rack and Pinion Variable Ratio Steering Gear

Author

Zi Ru Niu, Tian Li Yan, Wei Wang, Gang Yan Li, Shun Zeng, and Si Yu Zhang

Subjects
Engineering, Test bench, business.product_category, business.industry, Spiral bevel gear, Differential (mechanical device), General Medicine, Structural engineering, Test method, Rack and pinion, Variable ratio, Non-circular gear, business, Envelope (motion)
Abstract

A new modeling method for the variable ratio gear of the rack and pinion variable ratio steering gear was proposed in this paper. It was based on the characteristic that variable ratio gear pair meshing tooth profile surface are the envelope surface of each other and established a variable ratio gear three-dimensional model by simulating the gear machining process in CATIA and using Boolean subtraction operation. According to the related test standard of the variable ratio steering gear transmission ratio, a test bench was design and build, and the correctness of this modeling method was verified by comparing the designed variable ratio curve and the steering gear sample designed and processed by this method.

Published
2014

9. Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on the Transportation of Stored Calcium in Malus hupehensis Rhed. Seedling

Author

Tian-li Yan, Jia Li, Huai-rui Shu, and Hong-qiang Yang

Subjects
biology, Calcium oxalate, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Metabolism, Calcium, biology.organism_classification, Calcium nitrate, Butyric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Botany, Shoot, Malus hupehensis, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the metabolism of higher plants. Recently, research on Ca(superscript 2+) in plants has been focused especially at the cellular and molecular levels. Uptake, transport, and distribution are also very important for Ca to accomplish its function at the whole-plant level. In this experiment, one-year-old apple seedlings (M. hupehensis Rehd.) were investigated to determine the distribution of stored Ca, the different forms of Ca, and Ca(superscript 2+)-ATPase activity after treatment with indole butyric acid (IBA). The results showed that the total Ca measured in mature leaves and Ca(superscript 2+)-ATPase activity in tender leaves were higher compared with those in the control (CK). Calcium nitrate and calcium chloride (ALc-Ca) and calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (HAC-Ca) decreased in both mature leaves and shoots, whereas water-soluble calcium (H2O-Ca), calcium pectate (NaCl-Ca), and calcium oxalate (HCl-Ca) increased. The percentage of active calcium, calcium pectate, and water-soluble calcium increased, whereas the percentage of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate decreased. When treated with IBA, calcium fractions and percentage of the different forms of Ca was enhanced in 40 part per million (ppm) IBA compared with 20 ppm IBA and water. The results indicated that IBA increased the percentage of both active calcium (NaCl-Ca and H2O-Ca) in tender shoots and boosted the transportation of stored Ca in plants. IBA promoted Ca(subscript 2+)-ATPase activity and Ca(superscript 2+) uptake in tender shoots of M. hupehensis. It can improve the total Ca contents and the relative percentage of Ca.

Published
2006

10. Witkey websites based education of art and design

Author

Li Xin, Yuan Jia-zheng, and Tian Li-yan

Subjects
Multimedia, Computer science, E-learning (theory), ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Art and design, Affect (psychology), computer.software_genre, Electronic learning, computer
Abstract

Witkey pattern can not only create a new employment model, but also affect the education model. Witkey websites have great influence on education and students because they can help more and more students with studying and finding jobs as new network platforms.

Published
2011

11. Blend-learning mode of artistic design education

Author

Li Xin, Yuan Jia-zheng, and Tian Li-yan

Subjects
Mode (computer interface), Design education, Constructivism (philosophy of education), Education theory, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Mathematics education, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Art and design, Psychology, Curriculum
Abstract

Based on blend-learning and constructivism educational theory, comprehensive curriculum, assessment, and training resources can be designed to be perfect fit for college students who learn art and design so that students can be trained to use their brains more effectively.

Published
2011

13. A novel perception based image categorization algorithm

Author

Zhang Rui-zhe, Tian Li-yan, Huang Jing-hua, and Yuan Jia-zheng

Subjects
Topological property, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Segmentation-based object categorization, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Pattern recognition, Naive Bayes classifier, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Automatic image annotation, Categorization, Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm, Image retrieval, Feature detection (computer vision), Mathematics
Abstract

Image categorization plays an important role in the field of image retrieval and automatic annotation. Most existing algorithms adopted the low-level visual features to represent an image and the well-known Bag-of-words model followed by the SVM classifier was employed to fulfill the classification task. In this paper, instead of using the traditional low-level visual features, we employ the perception theory and propose a novel image categorization algorithm based on the representation of images' topological properties, i.e., an image can be represented by a low-dimensional features (e.g., Euler characteristic, the number of holes) which is called the topological properties. Given the new representations of images, a naive Bayes classifier is performed to fulfill the categorization task. The experimental results on the well-known image dataset show that based on the topological representation, the image categorization performance can be well improved.

Published
2009

19. Uptake and speciation of vanadium in the rhizosphere soils of rape ( Brassica juncea L.)

Author

Tian, Li-Yan, Yang, Jin-Yan, Huang, Jen-How, Tian, Li-Yan, Yang, Jin-Yan, and Huang, Jen-How

Abstract

The response of rape (Brassica juncea L.) to different vanadium (V) speciation in rhizosphere soils was investigated in pot experiments using an agricultural soil containing 147mgVkg−1 supplemented with 0-500mgVkg−1 of pentavalent V [V(V)] and a mining soil containing 774mgVkg−1. Tetravalent V [V(IV)] accounted for 76.1 and 85.9% of total V in the untreated agricultural soil and mining soil, respectively. The proportion of both V(V) and water-extractable V increased with increasing concentrations of V(V) in the agricultural soil. The growth of rape substantially reduced the concentrations of V(V) but not V(IV) in the rhizosphere soil, suggesting that V(V) was actively involved in the soil-rape interaction of V. Both soil V(V) and water-extractable V were negatively related to the total rape biomass, but were positively correlated with the concentration of root V. No such relationships were found for total V and soil V(IV). Together, these results indicate that soil V(V) and water-extractable V might better reflect the toxicity of V in soils than total V and soil V(IV). Rape accumulated V in the sequence: roots > > stem > leaf > seed. As indicated by the remarkably low root bioconcentration factor of V(V) (0.41-7.24%), rape had a lower ability to accumulate V than other plants reported in the literature (14.6-298%). Only a small fraction of V in rape roots was translocated to the aboveground organs (the translocation factor was 3.57-46.9%). No V was detectable in seeds in the soils at 147 and 197mgVkg−1, and no seed was produced in the soils at higher V concentrations. Thus, the risk of V intake by humans via the consumption of rapeseed-based foods under normal conditions is considered to be lower than that of other plants.

23. [Aspartate-ornithine granules in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multiple-dose parallel controlled clinical trial].

Author

Tian LY, Lu LG, Tang CW, Xie Y, Luo HS, Tan SY, Pang Z, Zhang YL, Gong LB, Li YM, Chen SH, and Shi JP

Subjects
Adult, Alanine Transaminase blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Triglycerides blood, gamma-Glutamyltransferase blood, Dipeptides administration & dosage, Dipeptides therapeutic use, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of aspartate-ornithine granules in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)., Methods: Seventy-two patients with NASH were included in this multiple-dose parallel controlled clinical trial and received a 12-week course of aspartate-ornithine granule treatment at either high-dose (6 g bid po; n = 38) or low-dose (3 g bid po; n = 34). Clinical efficacy was assessed by monitoring data from urinalysis, serologic tests (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and triglyceride (TG)), and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Safety was assessed by occurrence of adverse events (fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance of differences between parameters before (baseline) and after treatment., Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, the liver and spleen CT ratios in both the high-dose group (0.89 +/- 0.19) and the low-dose group (0.80 +/- 0.15) were significantly higher than at baseline (S = 329, P less than 0.0001 and S = 246, P less than 0.0001); the overall improvement was more robust in the high-dose group (52.63%) than in the low-dose group (38.23%) (Z = -2.1042, P less than 0.05). After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, the serum ALT levels in both the high-dose group and the low-dose group were significantly lower than at baseline (6 weeks: S = 324.5, P less than 0.0001 and S = 223, P less than 0.0001; 12 weeks: S = 370.5, P less than 0.0001 and S = 297.5, P less than 0.0001); the overall improvement was more robust in the high-dose group (79.0%) than in the low-dose group (53.0%) (Z = -2.0533, P less than 0.05). Similar trends were seen for the serum levels of AST and GGT after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment (all P less than 0.01) and serum levels of TG after 12 weeks of treatment. The rate of adverse reactions was low and similar between the two groups (high-dose: 4.8% and low-dose: 4.4%; all gastrointestinal)., Conclusion: Aspartate-ornithine granule therapy was an effective and safe treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with the higher dose of 6 g bid po providing more robust clinical benefit without affecting the safety profile.

Published
2013
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27. [Expression of uncoupling protein 2 and its relationship to the content of adenosine triphosphate in the nonalcoholic fatty livers of rats fed a high-fat diet].

Author

Fan JG, Ding XD, Wang GL, Xu ZJ, Tian LY, and Zheng XY

Subjects
Animals, Dietary Fats, Fatty Liver etiology, Ion Channels genetics, Male, Mitochondrial Proteins genetics, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Uncoupling Protein 2, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Fatty Liver metabolism, Ion Channels biosynthesis, Liver metabolism, Mitochondrial Proteins biosynthesis
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and its relationship to the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in livers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats fed a fat-rich diet., Methods: To produce a NAFLD model, a fat-rich diet, consisting of 10% lard oil + 2% cholesterol, was given to Sprague-Dawley rats for a period of 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. The normal control rats were fed normal diets. The expressions of UCP2 in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The content of ATP of liver was measured by fluorometry., Results: Simple fatty livers were observed in the model group after 8 weeks. From 12 week to 24 week, the livers of the model group rats gradually progressed from simple steatohepatitis to steatohepatitis with pericellular fibrosis. Both immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitive RT-PCR suggested the up-regulated expression of UCP2 in these NAFLD rat livers. The hepatic expression of UCP2 mRNA in the model group was increased with time, and peaked in 24 week by 4.2 times compared to the control group ( t = 16.474, P < 0.01). The ATP content of livers was significantly reduced in the model group compared with the control group at 16 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (2.25+/-0.55) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 2.419, P < 0.05] and 24 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (1.99+/-0.66) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 3.248, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the UCP2 mRNA expression and the content of ATP in the livers of the NAFLD group (r = -0.93, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The rat model of NAFLD could be replicated sucessfully by feeding a fat-rich diet for 24 weeks, and the mRNA and its protein of UCP2 were expressed un-regulated in livers of NAFLD. The increasing UCP2 might play a role in the reduction of ATP content in livers of the NAFLD rats.

Published
2005

28. [Dynamic changes of plasma levels of prostacycline and thromboxane A2 and their correlation with the severity of hepatic injury in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].

Author

Fan JG, Zheng XY, Tian LY, Qian Y, Ding XD, and Xu ZJ

Subjects
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha blood, Animals, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Thromboxane B2 blood, Epoprostenol blood, Fatty Liver blood, Liver pathology, Thromboxane A2 blood
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of plasma levels of prostacycline (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and their relationship with the severity of hepatic injury in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Methods: We established a NAFLD model, with a fat-rich diet consisting of 10% lard oil + 2% cholesterol, which was given to Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) for a period of 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. The other rats were fed standard diets and were used as normal controls (n=24). At sacrifice, liver pathology scores were evaluated and plasma levels of PGI2, its stable metabolic product 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXA2, and TXB2 were determined by radioimmunoassay., Results: Simple fatty livers were observed in the model group at 8 weeks. From 12 weeks to 24 weeks, the livers gradually progressed from simple steatohepatitis to liver fibrosis. Plasma levels of TXB2 in the model group increased higher than in the control group after 8 weeks [(52.4+/-3.15) ng/L vs (41.1+/-1.45) ng/L] and continued to increase over time, with the highest levels at 24 weeks [(117.7+/-7.47) ng/L]. A strong positive correlation (r=0.537) was seen between plasma TXB2 levels and the severity of liver injury. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations decreased in the model group in comparison with the control group after 8 weeks [(31.1+/-1.62) ng/L vs (36.5+/-1.68) ng/L] and continued to decrease over time, with the lowest concentrations at 24 weeks [(3.4+/-2.43) ng/L t=3.77]. A negative correlation was shown between the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level and the severity of the liver injury., Conclusion: A rat model of NAFLD was established successfully by feeding a fat-rich diet for 24 weeks. In this model, the imbalance of plasma PGI2 and TXA2 levels (increased TXB2 and decreased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels) may play a role in the pathogenesis of experimental NAFLD.

Published
2004

31. [Change of serum endotoxin level in the progress of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats].

Author

Fan JG, Xu ZJ, Wang GL, Ding XD, Tian LY, and Zheng XY

Subjects
Animals, Cytokines blood, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Immunohistochemistry, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors analysis, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Endotoxins blood, Fatty Liver blood
Abstract

Objective: To explore the role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)., Methods: Rat models of NASH were established by giving a fat-riched diet. These rats were sacrificed at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th and 24th weeks during the study. The other rats fed with normal diet were taken as normal controls at the same stage during the study. The blood of abdominal aorta was obtained and the levels of serum endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 b) were measured. The expression of CD(14) and lysozyme in rats' livers were detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: Rat models of NASH with liver fibrosis were established successfully. The levels of endotoxin in aorta blood of NASH rats increased significantly at the 24th week (0.23 EU/L 0.06 EU/L vs 0.15 EU/L 0.03 EU/L, t>2.179, p <0.05) while the expression of CD(14) increased from the 4th week, and the Kupffer cells expressing lysozyme were activated, then kept increasing activation through the study. In NASH rats, the levels of serum TNF-a increased from the 8th week (26.39 pg/ml 24.21 pg/ml vs 9.82 pg/ml 9.29 pg/ml, t>2.145, p < 0.05) and serum IL-1beta increased from the 16th week (23.76 pg/ml 21.81 pg/ml vs 6.25 pg/ml 2.98 pg/ml, t>2.145, p<0.05)., Conclusion: Liver injury results from endotoxin existing in NASH rats which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH by activating Kupffer cells and inducing the production of cytokines, such as TNF-a.

Published
2003

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