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Abstract Background Visual quality after corneal refractive surgery is linked to the postoperative effective optical zone (EOZ). This study aims to compare long-term changes in the EOZ following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for moderate and high myopia. Methods This study included 42 patients (72 eyes) who underwent either SMILE (36 eyes) or FS-LASIK (36 eyes). A custom software program based on the tangential curvature difference map of the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) was used to define the EOZ at 3 and 7 years postoperatively. The EOZ, its chronological changes compared to the programmed optical zone (POZ), and the corneal wavefront aberrations following SMILE and FS-LASIK were analyzed. Correlations between the EOZ changes and relevant parameters were evaluated. Results Three years postoperatively, EOZ following SMILE and FS-LASIK were 5.13 ± 0.27 mm and 4.70 ± 0.24 mm (P

Background This study investigated the genetic characteristics of five Chinese families with keratoconus (KC). Methods In the five families affected by KC, medical records, clinical observations, and blood samples were collected from all individuals. All KC family members (n = 20) underwent both whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA and Sanger sequencing to confirm the variants. Online software was utilized to analyze all variants, and the online server I-TASSER was employed for in silico predictions of the three-dimensional protein structures of the variants. The newly discovered variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms were further examined in 322 sporadic KC patients. Results The Pentacam tomographic composite index in those affected first-degree family members of the probands showed a pathological change. Five new variants were detected in the five probands and other affected members in their families: a heterozygous missense variant g.19043832C>T (p.Ser145Asn) in the homer scaffolding protein 3 (HOMER3) gene; a heterozygous missense variant g.99452113G>A (p.Gly483Arg) in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene; a heterozygous missense variant g.55118280G>T (p.Trp843Leu) in the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 6 (EML6) gene; a heterozygous frameshift variant c. 1226_1227del (p.Gln410Glufs*17) in the DOP1 leucine zipper-like protein B (DOP1B) gene; and a heterozygous splice-site variant c.7776+2T>A in the neurobeachin-like protein 2 (NBEAL2) gene. These variations were predicted to be potentially pathogenic and associated with KC. Conclusion Five novel variants in HOMER3, IGF1R, EML6, DOP1B, and NBEAL2 genes were identified in this study and may be associated with the pathogenesis of KC. This study provides new information about the gene variants and their protein changes in KC patients. The findings should be explored further and could potentially be applied to the early diagnosis of KC before clinical onset.

In this study, a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) manufactured SiC particles (SiCp) reinforced high alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Ti aluminum matrix composite was fabricated through ball-milling, HIP, homogenization, hot extrusion, solution treatment, and aging treatment. The results showed the presence of an interfacial reaction layer, MgAl2O4, around the SiCp, which enhanced the bonding between the particles and the matrix. The aging treatment resulted in the formation of different aging precipitates, which were featured by GP zone for T4, GP zone + η' (metastable MgZn2) + η (stable MgZn2) for T6 and GP zone + η' (metastable MgZn2) for T6I4. The composite samples of T4, T6, and T6I4 exhibited different mechanical properties. Specifically, the elastic modulus was measured as 102.9, 103.4, and 102.3 GPa, the yield strength was 685.3, 598.1, and 619.7 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength was 713.6, 618.9, and 633.3 MPa, and the elongation was 2.2%, 1.8%, and 2.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion behavior of the composite was evaluated through electrochemical, intergranular corrosion, and exfoliation corrosion. The corrosion current density was found to be 3.17 × 10−7, 4.97 × 10−7, and 3.67 × 10−7 A cm−2, the corrosion potential was measured as −0.70, −0.81, and −0.56 V, and the maximum intergranular corrosion depth was 139.9, 167.8, and 106.2 μm for T4, T6, and T6I4, respectively. The severity of exfoliation corrosion varied, with T4 showing severe pitting, T6 exhibiting moderate pitting, and T6I4 displaying slight pitting. The strengthening mechanism and load transfer strengthening of the composites were discussed in detail based on theoretical calculations, and the anti-corrosion mechanisms were also analyzed.

Abstract Testosterone has complex effects on psychological traits and behavior; it is associated with social dominance and competition and is a potential human sex pheromone. This study aimed to investigate the associations between testosterone levels, aggressive behavior, and manic symptoms using a network analysis among bipolar disorder (BD) patients in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). Data from January 2021 and March 2022 BD patients in PED were analyzed. Manic symptoms were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Aggression was assessed with subscale of the PANSS scale (PANSS-AG). The undirected network structures of testosterone levels, aggressive behavior, and manic symptoms were estimated, and centrality and bridge centrality indices were examined. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to evaluate whether network characteristics differed by gender. We recruited a total of 898 BD patients, with the mean YMRS score as 13.30 ± 9.58. The prevalence of level II aggression was 35.6% (95%CI = 32.5%–38.7%), level III aggression was 29.5% (95%CI = 26.3%–32.6%), and level VI aggression was 7.0% (95%CI = 5.4%–8.8%). The male participants had a mean testosterone level of 391.71 (Standard Deviation (SD):223.39) compared to 36.90 (SD:30.50) for female participants in the whole sample. Through network analysis, “Increased motor activity-energy” emerged as the central symptom, with the highest centrality expected influence, followed by “Emotional Instability” and “Disruptive/aggression behavior”. Notably, “Emotional Instability” appeared to be the bridge symptom linking manic symptoms to aggressive behavior. Within the flow network model, “Speech rate and amount” exhibited the strongest positive correlation with testosterone levels, followed closely by “Disruptive/aggression behavior”. The constructed network model demonstrated robust stability, with gender showing no significant impact on the structure. In this study, “Increased motor activity-energy” stood out as the most influential symptom, and “Speech rate and amount” acted as the main bridge symptom linking testosterone levels, aggressive behavior, and manic symptoms. Targeting the central and bridge symptoms may improve the outcomes of aggression interventions implemented among BD patients in psychiatric emergency care.

IntroductionBecause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has significant heterogeneity in encephalatrophy and clinical manifestations, AD research faces two critical challenges: eliminating the impact of natural aging and extracting valuable clinical data for patients with AD.MethodsThis study attempted to address these challenges by developing a novel machine-learning model called tensorized contrastive principal component analysis (T-cPCA). The objectives of this study were to predict AD progression and identify clinical subtypes while minimizing the influence of natural aging.ResultsWe leveraged a clinical variable space of 872 features, including almost all AD clinical examinations, which is the most comprehensive AD feature description in current research. T-cPCA yielded the highest accuracy in predicting AD progression by effectively minimizing the confounding effects of natural aging.DiscussionThe representative features and pathogenic circuits of the four primary AD clinical subtypes were discovered. Confirmed by clinical doctors in Tangdu Hospital, the plaques (18F-AV45) distribution of typical patients in the four clinical subtypes are consistent with representative brain regions found in four AD subtypes, which further offers novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.

Surface coal mining in semi-arid regions has detrimental impacts on the structure and function of surface ecosystems, thereby impeding the attainment of regional sustainable development goals. Moreover, the impact of climate change on ecological restoration in semi-arid mining areas is an inevitable consideration. To elucidate the response of ecosystem services in mining areas to regional climate change, topography, soil, vegetation and socioeconomic development, this study selected six large-scale surface coal mines located in semi-arid regions of China as research objects. In this study, we aimed to assess the main ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and flow regulation) provided by these mines. In addition, we analysed the spatial and temporal evolution and interrelationships of these ecosystem services. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms between ecosystem services and environmental factors. The results showed the following: (1) Geospatially, there was a gradual decrease in carbon sequestration and flow regulation from northeast to southwest in the mining areas. However, the soil conservation exhibited an upward trend. Throughout the research period, the carbon sequestration change rate in the six mining areas displayed an initial downward and subsequent upward trend, the rate of soil conservation exhibited a gradual upward trend, and the flow regulation decline rate followed a downward trend. (2) Change rate of carbon sequestration and soil conservation in the six mining areas showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), with the strongest correlation observed in the Shengli Mining Area (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). (3) Ecosystem service changes in the mining areas were primarily driven by initial conditions (95.0%), followed by meteorological factors (4.2%). Three ecological restoration models were proposed for the different regions based on driver analyses. The findings of this study offer scientific evidence that can be used to inform ecological management, enhance ecological security, and promote regional sustainable development in mining areas.

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively investigated in the field of cancer, among which, lncRNA ladybird homeobox 2-antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) has been demonstrated to exert carcinogenic effects on a variety of malignancies. However, the biological functions of LBX2-AS1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been explicitly elucidated. Methods Arraystar lncRNA chip and qRT-PCR verify the expression of LncRNA LBX2-AS1 in ccRCC. CCK-8 assay and cell cloning assay were used to assess the proliferative capacity of ccRCC cells. Migration abilities were quantified by scratch assay and transwell assay. Potential molecular signaling pathways were determined by high-throughput whole transcriptomics analysis. WB analysis was performed to validate the relationship between LBX2-AS1 and key molecules of mitophagy pathway. The effect of LBX2-AS1 on mitophagy was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Rescue experiments further validated the role of downstream gene FOXO3A in the LBX2-AS1 signaling pathway. Finally, the authentic effect of LBX2-AS1 was verified in vivo. Results LncRNA LBX2-AS1 was over expressed in ccRCC tissues and could enhance the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells. Autophagic pathway was identified as a possible mechanism involved in the oncogenic effect of LBX2-AS1. Mitophagy levels were observed in LBX2-AS1 low-expressing cells through laser confocal microscopy. Knockdown of LBX2-AS1 significantly elevated mitophagy levels as observed using laser confocal microscopy and led to FOXOA3 decreasing in and BNIP3L and LC3 enrichment. Meanwhile, LBX2-AS1 knocking down dampened the proliferation of ccRCC cells in vivo.

Abstract Suicidality in mood disorder patients is common, especially in emergency department (ED), but the patterns and associated factors of suicidality are not clear. This study compared biomarkers and mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms) between mood disorder patients with and without the whole range of suicidality comprising suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), and suicide attempt (SA). This cross-sectional, comparative, convenient-sampling study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2022, in emergency department of Beijing Anding Hospital, China. Patients with mood disorders at a psychiatric emergency department were assessed, with measurements of suicidality, biomarkers, depressive, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the 24 items-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), respectively. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to identify patients in mood disorder with and without SI, SP, and SA. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to assess the differences in biomarkers, depressive, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms between patients in mood disorder with and without SI, SP, and SA. In total, 898 participated in this survey and completed the assessment. Illness duration was significantly negatively associated with SA (OR = 0.969, 95%CI = 0.939–0.999, P = 0.046). HAMD-24 total score was significantly positively associated with the SI (OR = 1.167, 95%CI = 1.134–1.201, p

Japanese flounder is usually gonochoristic, with gonads that are either testes or ovaries. Here, we report an unusual case of hermaphroditism in Japanese flounder captured from the Bohai Sea. In the intersex flounder, the membrane of the upper ovary was closely connected to the abdominal muscles and internal organs, and the eggs filled the entire abdomen. The lower ovary was small and closely connected to the testes. The testes contained few fully mature sperm. Both eggs and sperm were capable of fertilization. The levels of several reproduction-related hormones (17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, 17α, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) in the intersex flounder were intermediate, between those in females and males. The results showed that the heterozygosity of the intersex flounder was 0.632, and there were 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the cyp21a gene. Compared with that of wild flounder, the activity of 21-hydroxylase was reduced by approximately 20.0%, and expressions of cyp19a, amh, and dmrt1 differed. We present the first report of its kind, detailing the anatomy, hormonal endocrinology, molecular biology, and physiology of the intersex Japanese flounder.

Defect detection on wafers holds immense significance in producing micro- and nano-semiconductors. As manufacturing processes grow in complexity, wafer maps may display a mixture of defect types, necessitating the utilization of more intricate deep learning models for effective feature learning. However, sophisticated models come with a demand for substantial computational resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient deep learning framework designed explicitly for mix-type wafer map defect pattern recognition. Our proposed model incorporates several crucial design elements, including lightweight convolutions, bottleneck residual connections, efficient channel attention mechanisms, and optimized activation functions, enabling it to learn spatial and channel features efficiently. We conduct evaluations on a real-world dataset containing 38 mixed-type defect patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that our framework maintains a high level of accuracy while possessing a compact parameter size and remarkably fast inference speed.

Background: Brittle cornea syndrome 1 (BCS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by corneal and sclera thinning and fragility that is caused by zinc finger protein 469 (ZNF469) gene mutation. Keratoconus is another disease related to corneal thinning. Several reports have linked ZNF469 variants and keratoconus. We recruited a four-generation BCS1 family and two keratoconus families to explore pathogenic ZNF469 variants. Methods: This study included 11 members from a family with BCS1, 2 families with keratoconus, 368 sporadic keratoconus patients and 325 unrelated healthy controls. Whole exome sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood and cross species conservation analysis was used to investigate and verify ZNF469 variants. Results: A new homozygous frameshift mutation c. 6727del (p.Asp2243Thr fs*8) in ZNF469 was detected in the BSC1 family. Two ZNF469 heterozygous variants g.88494671G > A (c.793G > A, p.G265S, rs754776767) were detected in keratoconus family 1 and a heterozygous missense variant g.88498262G > A (c.4384G > A, p.D1462 N, rs577890057) was found in keratoconus family 2. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, rs577890057 and rs754776767 were predicted to be variants of uncertain significance. c. 6727del (p. Asp2243Thr fs*8) in ZNF469 was identified to be pathogenic. Conclusions: We identified a new homozygous frameshift mutation and two heterozygous missense variations in ZNF469 in the three families. Our findings extend the spectrum of ZNF469 variants associated with keratoconus.

Abstract Background Transepithelial corneal crosslinking (CXL) is a novel surgical approach for the treatment of keratoconus, which is a bilateral asymmetrical ophthalmological disease accompanied by progressive corneal ectasia. Silicon hydrogel (SiH) contact lenses have been extensively used in clinical ophthalmologic medicine, as a postoperative ophthalmological intervention. However, the ideal lens application duration after transepithelial CXL remains uncertain. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and comfort of immediate corneal contact lens use after transepithelial CXL for keratoconus. Methods In this prospective study, 60 patients with keratoconus who underwent transepithelial CXL treatment were enrolled from September 2021 to January 2023 with a male:female ratio of 39:21, and an average age of 25.42 ± 5.47 years. The patients were divided randomly into two groups: group A contained 30 patients wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses for 7 days postoperatively, and group B contained 30 patients wearing the same contact lenses for 3 days. Ten subjective ophthalmologic symptoms were surveyed by the patients, including pain, photophobia, foreign body sensation, tearing, burning, blurred vision, dry eyes, difficulty opening the eyes, astringency, and stinging. Ophthalmologic signs, including corneal edema and conjunctival congestion, were recorded by a single clinician on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Results Each surgical procedure was readily performed without complications, and both groups postoperative day 7 (P = 0.04), where group B scored (0.01 ± 0.41) lesser than group A (0.12 ± 0.29), whilst corneal edema in both groups recorded significantly different on postoperative days 5 and 7 (group A demonstrated the result of 0.17 ± 0.14 and 0.08 ± 0.11 for the respective days, whereas group B indicated 0.10 ± 0.13 and 0.03 ± 0.07 at the corresponding times). Conclusions Immediate use of silicone hydrogel corneal lenses after transepithelial CXL effectively alleviates postoperative ocular distress, particularly with a three-day use period as the ideal duration.

Abstract Background This research investigated the genetic characteristic of two Chinese families with keratoconus (KC). Methods For all people in the two families with KC, their history, clinical data, and peripheral blood were collected. One hundred healthy participants without KC and 112 sporadic KC patients were recruited as the controls. Whole exome sequencing of the genomic DNA and polymerase chain reaction were conducted for all the controls and family members to verify the variants. Functional analyses of the variants was performed using the software programs. Results A missense tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) variant g.135797247A > G (c.622A > G, p.Ser208Gly) was detected in family 1. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs761232139 (p.Gly235Arg) in aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 (ALDH3A1) gene was detected in family 2. The variant c.622A > G in TSC1 and the SNP rs761232139 in ALDH3A1 were predicted as being probably damaging. Conclusions Novel variant c.622A > G in TSC1 and SNP rs761232139 in ALDH3A1 have been detected in families with KC. These two findings may play a role in the pathogenesis of KC.

[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation of carbon emissions due to land use changes and the factors influencing carbon emissions in Yunnan Province were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing land use structure and achieving the low-carbon development goal in Yunnan Province. [Methods] Carbon emissions for Yunnan Province were calculated based on land use and fossil energy consumption data in Yunnan Province in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Spatial visualization and spatial autocorrelation were used to study the temporal and spatial variation and spatial agglomeration characteristics of carbon emissions from 2005 to 2020. The influencing factors were analyzed by geographical detectors. [Results] ① From 2005 to 2020, the area of construction land in Yunnan Province increased the most, with a dynamic change of 7.90%. ② Regional net carbon emissions increased rapidly, with an annual increase of 6.5%. The spatial pattern of carbon emissions was characterized as “higher in the central region and lower in the surrounding area”. The carbon footprint increased significantly during the study period, and the carbon ecological carrying capacity was relatively stable, resulting in an increasing carbon ecological deficit. ③ Population size, economic level, industrial structure, land use, etc. promoted the increase in carbon emissions for cities and counties in Yunnan Province. [Conclusion] In Yunnan Province, measures should be taken in the future to protect or reasonably increase the area of carbon sinks (such as forest land) and to strengthen dynamic monitoring, control the area of construction land and total energy consumption, explore the carbon compensation mechanism, and employ the radiation effect of carbon sink areas.

Aiming at the issues of poor hydration activity, long setting time, and low early strength in industrial by-product fluorogypsum (FG), 1,2,3-propenyltricarboxylic acid (PA) was utilized to enhance its reactivity. The mechanism was investigated using modern analytical techniques such as XRD, 1H low-field NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the incorporation of PA can significantly augment the rate of FG hydration and enhance its hydration activity. The optimal concentration of PA was determined to be 0.008%. The FG paste exhibited a reduction in setting time by approximately 500 min compared to the control sample. Furthermore, the flexural and compressive strengths increased by 29.6% (reaching 3.5 MPa) and 40.2% (reaching 40.1 MPa), respectively, after a curing period of 28 d. Through the process of physical adsorption, PA facilitates the transformation from anhydrite (CaSO4-II) to dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Subsequently, PA promotes the growth of dihydrate gypsum crystals along each crystal axis, resulting in the formation of regular hexagonal prisms. The prismatic crystals of dihydrate gypsum are arranged in a closely packed, layered structure that results in reduced pore and porosity content, and enhanced mechanical strength.

Abstract Rapid assessment and intervention of suicide risk are common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). It is unclear whether distinct pathophysiological processes exist among depressive patients with suicidality. This study examined the network structures of biomarkers on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, such as Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Corticosterone (Cort), as well as suicidality and depressive symptoms in mood disorder patients in PED. Mood disorder patients in PED were assessed with the measurements of suicidality and depressive symptoms, respectively. A network analysis was performed to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms of this network and their links to ACTH and Cort. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to evaluate whether network characteristics differed by gender. A total of 1815 mood disorder patients were recruited. The prevalence of SI was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.15–34.21%), SP was 30.4% (95% CI: 27.39–33.41%), SA was 30.62% (95% CI: 27.61–33.64%) among psychiatric outpatients. The mean score of HAMD-24 was 13.87 ± 8.02. Network analysis revealed that ‘Somatic anxiety’ had the highest expected centrality, followed by ‘Hopelessness’ and ‘Suicide attempt’. ‘Corticosterone’ and ‘Retardation’ may be the main bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and the suicidality community. The network model showed a high degree of stability. Gender did not significantly influence the network structure. The central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified could be potential targets for interventions of the HPA axis, which is designed for regular screening of a range of suicidal activity. In the light of this, timely treatment should be provided for psychiatric emergency care.

BackgroundMyopia poses a global health concern and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The incidence of myopia tends to increase during infectious outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the screen-time behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents and investigated the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based alerts in modifying screen-time practices.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 6,716 children and adolescents with AI-enhanced tablets that monitored and recorded their behavior and environmental light during screen time.ResultsThe median daily screen time of all participants was 58.82 min. Among all age groups, elementary-school students had the longest median daily screen time, which was 87.25 min and exceeded 4 h per week. Children younger than 2 years engaged with tablets for a median of 41.84 min per day. Learning accounted for 54.88% of participants’ screen time, and 51.03% (3,390/6,643) of the participants used tablets for 1 h at an average distance

A synthetic organic substance called bisphenol A (BPA) is used to make polyester, epoxy resin, polyacrylate, and polycarbonate plastic. BPA exposure on a regular basis has increased the risk of developing cancer. Recent research has shown that there is a strong link between BPA exposure and a number of malignancies. We want to investigate any connections between BPA and prostate cancer in this work. The scores of bisphenols in the prostate cancer cohort were obtained using the ssGSEA algorithm. The analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment was used to investigate probable pathways that are closely related to the genes tied to BPA. The BPA-based risk model was built using regression analysis. Additionally, the molecular docking method was employed to assess BPA's capacity to attach to important genes. Finally, we were able to successfully get the BPA cohort ratings for prostate cancer patients. Additionally, the KEGG enrichment study showed that of the malignancies linked to BPA, prostate cancer is the most highly enriched. In a group of men with prostate cancer, the BPA-related prognostic prediction model exhibits good predictive value. The BPA demonstrated strong and efficient binding to the androgen receptor, according to the molecular docking studies. According to cell proliferation and invasion experiments, exposing prostate cancer cells to BPA at a dosage of 10–7 uM could greatly enhance their ability to proliferate and invade.

Abstract Background In orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), preserving an aberrant hepatic artery (AHA) can increase the number of arterial anastomoses and may lead to arterial-related complications. AHA includes accessory hepatic artery and replaced hepatic artery. Herein, the purpose of our research is to evaluate the requirement for accessory anastomosis in OLT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a total of 95 patients who underwent OLT in our hospital between April 2020 and December 2022. We found seven cases of donor livers with accessory HA. The method of arterial anastomosis and details of the diagnosis and treatment of complications were collated. Results Among 95 consecutive patients with OLT, complications occurred in two of seven patients—patient 2 had an accessory right hepatic artery, while patient 5 had an accessory left hepatic artery. Patient 2 showed bile leakage leading to rupture and bleeding of the accessory HA anastomosis after OLT, and was treated with interventional coil embolization. In patient 5, hepatic artery thrombosis and accessory HA occlusion were treated with embolization and thrombolysis of the splenic artery and left gastric artery. During the intervention, we also found that the internal hepatic artery and accessory HA had communicating branches. After treatment, both patients remain healthy with no complications such as liver necrosis or liver abscess. Conclusion An AHA can be ligated when assessed as an accessory artery. This can reduce the incidence of arterial complications, contribute to the perioperative management of liver transplantation (LT) patients, and improve the prognosis of LT.

In order to study the sedimentation characteristics and action mechanism of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with different ionic degrees on the high muddied coal slime water, the particle size composition and mineral composition of the high muddied coal slime water from Lijiahao Coal preparation Plant were studied. The influence of ionic degree of CPAM on sedimentation velocity, turbidity of clarification zone, thickness of compression zone and sedimentation kinetics of high muddied coal slime water was studied by using the experimental method of flocculation sedimentation of coal slime water. Zeta potential on the surface of slime particles was measured, and the effect of CPAM with different ionic degree on the zeta potential of slime particles was analyzed. The stability of coal slime water under different ionic conditions was studied by using Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer. Based on the sedimentation characteristics and dynamic stability of coal slime water, the sedimentation mechanism of CPAM ion degree on coal slime water was analyzed. The results show that large amount of kaolinite particles and high content of fine particles are the main reasons for the difficult settlement of coal slime water. Under the same dosage, CPAM has a poor sedimentation effect on coal slime water when the ionic degree is low. When the ionic degree is high, the sedimentation velocity of coal slime water is lower, the thickness of compression zone is higher, and the turbidity is lower. The sedimentation effect of coal slime water is good when the ionic degree is high, and CPAM with ionic degree 30%-60% has the best sedimentation effect when the dosage is 36 g/m3, with fast sedimentation speed, low turbidity and thin compression zone thickness. CPAM has great influence on the sedimentation effect and stability of coal slime water. CPAM can reduce the Zeta potential value on particle surface, promote the formation of flocs in the sedimentation process of slime water, accelerate the sedimentation speed, reduce the stability of slime water and turbidity after the sedimentation of coal slime water, due to its long chain containing positive active groups that can easily adsorb with the surface of negatively charged slime particles. The principle of action with coal slime water is “electric neutralization”, “adsorption bridge” and “net capture and sweep”. It is a kind of excellent coal slime water treatment agent.

Vegetation primarily draws water from soil moisture (SM), with restoration in drylands often reducing SM storage (SMS). However, anomalies have been detected in the Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Region (BTSSR) of China via the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). This study quantified the sources of increased SMS in drylands to elucidate the effects of vegetation restoration on SMS. The results indicated the following: (1) In vegetated drylands, 46.2% experienced a significant increase in SMS while 53.8% remained stable; both were positively correlated with the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). (2) The increase in SMS was accompanied by a decrease in groundwater storage (GWS), as indicated by the significant correlation coefficients of −0.710 and −0.569 for SMS and GWS, respectively. Furthermore, GWS served as the primary source of water for vegetation. (3) The results of the redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the initial vegetation, the driver of the observed trend of increased SMS and decreased GWS, accounted for 50.3% of the variability in water storage. Therefore, to sustain dryland ecosystems, we recommend that future vegetation restoration projects give due consideration to the water balance while concurrently strengthening the dynamic monitoring of SMS and GWS.

The development of solid-state zinc–air batteries (SZABs) has stimulated significant interest. However, the practical use of SZABs still encounters difficulties due to the complicated preparation process and low-performance air cathode. In this study, we developed a free-standing CoNi/graphene composite cathode without current collectors and binders. The simplified cathode structure decreased the preparation process, and the self-assembled conductive matrix increased charge transfer, which holds promise for facile preparation and high-performance SZABs. Specifically, a free-standing CoNi/graphene film was fabricated by a simple composition method. The CoNi/graphene electrocatalyst exhibited comparable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity to that of Pt/C. Furthermore, the CoNi/graphene film could be directly used as a cathode, which showed an open-circuit voltage of 1.41 V and a power density of 210 mW cm−2 in alkaline liquid ZABs, as well as an open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V and a power density of 40 mW cm−2 in alkaline SZABs. This facile preparation and excellent performance offer substantial potential for practical SZAB applications.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are man-made chemicals used in the manufacture of many products with water and dirt repellent properties. Many diseases have been proved to be related to the exposure of PFCs, including breast fibroadenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and leydig cell adenoma. However, whether the PFCs promote the progression of prostate cancer remains unclear. In this work, through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the correlation between the prostate cancer and five PFCs using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. In addition, further analysis showed that several PFCs-related genes demonstrated strong prognostic value for prostate cancer patients. The survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that PFCs-related genes based prognostic model held great predictive value for the prognosis of prostate cancer, which could potentially serve as an independent risk factor in the future. In vitro experiments verified the promotive role of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in the growth of prostate cancer cells. This study provided novel insights into understanding the role of PFCs in prostate cancer and brought attention to the environmental association with cancer risks and progression.

This paper focuses on the combined radar and communications problem and conducts a thorough analytical investigation on the effect of phase and frequency change on the communication and sensing functionality. First, we consider the classical stepped frequency radar waveform and modulate data using $M$ -ary phase shift keying (MPSK). Two important analytical tools in radar waveform design, namely the ambiguity function (AF) and the Fisher information matrix (FIM) are derived, based on which, we make the important conclusion that MPSK modulation has a negligible effect on radar local accuracy. Next, we extend the analysis to incorporate frequency permutations and propose a new signalling scheme in which the mapping between incoming data and waveforms is performed based on an efficient combinatorial transform called the Lehmer code. We also provide an efficient communications receiver based on a modified Hungarian algorithm. From the communications perspective, we consider the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detector and derive the union bound and nearest neighbour approximation on the block error probability. From the radar sensing perspective, we discuss the broader structure of the waveform based on the AF derivation and quantify the radar local accuracy based on the FIM. Extensive numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy of our results.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of axial length, keratometry, and refractive measurement with Myopia Master in ametropic children. Methods In this randomized prospective cross-sectional study, 125 children with ametropia (250 eyes) were recruited (55 boys and 70 girls; age range: 3–15 years). All examinations were performed under full cycloplegic conditions. Measurements of axial length (AL), keratometry, and autorefraction acquired with the Myopia Master were compared with those from the IOLMaster 500, IOLMaster 700, Nidek ARK-1, and manifest refraction. The differences between the different methods were analyzed, and their correlation was assessed by interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plot, and correlation test. Results The ALs (mm) measured with Myopia Master, IOLMaster 500, and IOLMaster 700 were 23.67 ± 1.26, 23.68 ± 1.26, and 23.70 ± 1.25, respectively. The mean values and standard deviations for AL and keratometry readings from these devices were similar (P ≥ 0.059). The ICC analysis also revealed high consistency between the measurements (ICC ≥ 0.943). Additionally, the correlation coefficients were relatively high (r > 0.9, p

AIM: To investigate the one-year refractive outcomes and optical quality following PRESBYOND laser-blended vision (LBV). METHODS: This retrospective study included 20 patients who underwent PRESBYOND treatment between Jan 2019 and Aug 2020. The patients were asked to attend a follow-up outpatient visit one year after surgery. Distance and near visual acuity as well as subjective refraction were examined. Optical quality was assessed using wavefront-supported custom ablation. A questionnaire evaluating optical quality and satisfaction was completed at the last visit. RESULTS: The average patient age was 48.1±7.4y (range, 41 to 58y). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -7.59±2.39 D. At the one-year follow-up, two eyes (both dominant eyes) lost one line of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), while the remaining eyes (38/40) maintained or gained lines of CDVA. The average binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.15±0.03 to 0.90±0.26 (decimal vision; P

BackgroundThe association between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and disulfidoptosis remains to be thoroughly investigated.MethodsWe conducted multiple bioinformatics analyses, including prognostic analysis and cluster analysis, using R software. Additionally, we utilized Quantitative Real-time PCR to measure RNA levels of specific genes. The proliferation of ccRCC was assessed through CCK8 and colony formation assays, while the invasion and migration of ccRCC cells were evaluated using the transwell assay.ResultsIn this study, utilizing data from multiple ccRCC cohorts, we identified molecules that contribute to disulfidoptosis. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the prognostic and immunological roles of these molecules. Among the disulfidoptosis-related metabolism genes (DMGs), LRPPRC, OXSM, GYS1, and SLC7A11 exhibited significant correlations with ccRCC patient prognosis. Based on our signature, patients in different groups displayed varying levels of immune infiltration and different mutation profiles. Furthermore, we classified patients into two clusters and identified multiple functional pathways that play important roles in the occurrence and development of ccRCC. Given its critical role in disulfidoptosis, we conducted further analysis on SLC7A11. Our results demonstrated that ccRCC cells with high expression of SLC7A11 exhibited a malignant phenotype.ConclusionsThese findings enhanced our understanding of the underlying function of DMGs in ccRCC.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of extrapleural block (EPB) application in patients with coronary artery disease after thoracoscopic surgery. Methods Patients with typical symptoms of angina and myocardial ischemia who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at our institution between December 2018 and December 2020 were screened for eligibility and they received paravertebral blocking (PVB), EPB, and patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were used to assess the analgesic effect and safety outcomes included heart rate, incidence of postoperative rescue analgesics, cardiac complications, and adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting. Results In total, 76 patients (age: 66.5 [61.3, 71] years; male: 63.2%) were eligible, including the PVB group (n = 22), EPB group (n = 25), and PVIA group (n = 29) with comparable baseline characteristics. There was a significantly higher proportion of patients with a VAS score of 1 in the EPB group compared with the other groups at 4 h (88.0% vs. 10.3% for PCIA and 45.5% for PVB; p

IntroductionVibriosis causes enormous economic losses of marine fish. The present study investigated the intestinal microbial response to acute infection of half-smooth tongue sole with different-dose Vibrio alginolyticus within 72 h by metagenomic sequencing.MethodsThe inoculation amount of V. alginolyticus for the control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose groups were 0, 8.5 × 101, 8.5 × 104, and 8.5 × 107 cells/g respectively, the infected fish were farmed in an automatic seawater circulation system under a relatively stable temperature, dissolved oxygen and photoperiod, and 3 ~ 6 intestinal samples per group with high-quality DNA assay were used for metagenomics analysis.ResultsThe acute infections with V. alginolyticus at high, medium, and low doses caused the change of different-type leukocytes at 24 h, whereas the joint action of monocytes and neutrophils to cope with the pathogen infection only occurred in the high-dose group at 72 h. The metagenomic results suggest that a high-dose V. alginolyticus infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, decrease the microbial α-diversity, and increase the bacteria from Vibrio and Shewanella, including various potential pathogens at 24 h. High-abundance species of potential pathogens such as V. harveyii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. scophthalmi exhibited significant positive correlations with V. alginolyticus. The function analysis revealed that the high-dose inflection group could increase the genes closely related to pathogen infection, involved in cell motility, cell wall/ membrane/envelope biogenesis, material transport and metabolism, and the pathways of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistances mainly from Vibrios within 72 h.DiscussionIt indicates that the half-smooth tongue sole is highly likely to be a secondary infection with intestinal potential pathogens, especially species from Vibrio and that the disease could become even more complicated because of the accumulation and transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in intestinal bacteria during the process of V. alginolyticus intensified infection.

In the context of global climate change, temperate forests in climate-sensitive areas are inevitably affected. To deepen the understanding of the impact on precipitation changes into the relationship between key ecosystem services (ESs), this study selected net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY) of temperate forest in northern China as objects, and the Spearman correlation test and redundancy analysis were applied to analyze the response of ESs relationship to precipitation gradient. The results show that precipitation is the meteorological factor with the greatest impact (contribution 21.2%, p

Compressive light field cameras have attracted notable attention over the past few years because they can efficiently determine redundancy from light fields. However, much of the research has only concentrated on reconstructing the entire light field from compressed sampling, which ignores the possibility of directly extracting information such as depth from it. In this paper, we introduce a light field camera configuration with a random color-coded microlens array. Considering the color-coded light fields, we propose a novel attention-based encoder–decoder network. Specifically, the encoder part compresses the coded measurement into a low-dimensional representation that removes most redundancy, and the decoder part constructs the depth map directly from the latent representation. The attention mechanism enables the network to process spatial and angular features dynamically and effectively, thus significantly improving performance. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art light field depth estimation method designed for non-coded light fields. To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines the color-coded light field with the attention-based deep learning approach, which provides a crucial insight into the design of enhanced light field photography systems.

Abstract Background The zone adjacent to a transcription start site (TSS), namely, the promoter, is primarily involved in the process of DNA transcription initiation and regulation. As a result, proper promoter identification is critical for further understanding the mechanism of the networks controlling genomic regulation. A number of methodologies for the identification of promoters have been proposed. Nonetheless, due to the great heterogeneity existing in promoters, the results of these procedures are still unsatisfactory. In order to establish additional discriminative characteristics and properly recognize promoters, we developed the hybrid model for promoter identification (HMPI), a hybrid deep learning model that can characterize both the native sequences of promoters and the morphological outline of promoters at the same time. We developed the HMPI to combine a method called the PSFN (promoter sequence features network), which characterizes native promoter sequences and deduces sequence features, with a technique referred to as the DSPN (deep structural profiles network), which is specially structured to model the promoters in terms of their structural profile and to deduce their structural attributes. Results The HMPI was applied to human, plant and Escherichia coli K-12 strain datasets, and the findings showed that the HMPI was successful at extracting the features of the promoter while greatly enhancing the promoter identification performance. In addition, after the improvements of synthetic sampling, transfer learning and label smoothing regularization, the improved HMPI models achieved good results in identifying subtypes of promoters on prokaryotic promoter datasets. Conclusions The results showed that the HMPI was successful at extracting the features of promoters while greatly enhancing the performance of identifying promoters on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic datasets, and the improved HMPI models are good at identifying subtypes of promoters on prokaryotic promoter datasets. The HMPI is additionally adaptable to different biological functional sequences, allowing for the addition of new features or models.

Abstract Background To study the impact of unintended initial dissection of the posterior plane (UIDPP) on operation time and surgical outcomes during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery. Methods This was a retrospective study. Based on the SMILE procedure video, the operating eyes were assigned to the normal and UIDPP groups according to the presence or absence of UIDPP signals during surgery. The UIDPP group was further separated into early and late detection based on whether the complete dissection of the lenticule posterior plane or not. Patient's demographic data, preoperative evaluation data, operation time and postoperative outcomes were collected. Results Sixty-six patients (66 eyes) who underwent SMILE were included, with 24 eyes with UIDPP (13 in the early detection group and 11 in the late group). The optical zone was smaller (median 6.5 vs. 6.6, P = 0.007), and the operation time was longer (median, 189.5 vs. 91.0 s, P

The roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus) is an endangered fish species in China. In recent years, artificial breeding technology has made significant progress, and the population of roughskin sculpin has recovered in the natural environment through enhancement programs and the release of juveniles. However, the effects of released roughskin sculpin on the genetic structure and diversity of wild populations remain unclear. Studies on genetic diversity analysis based on different types and numbers of molecular markers have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we obtained 2,610,157 high-quality SNPs and 494,698 InDels through whole-genome resequencing of two farmed populations and one wild population. Both farmed populations showed consistent levels of genomic polymorphism and a slight increase in linkage compared with wild populations. The population structure of the two farmed populations was distinct from that of the wild population, but the degree of genetic differentiation was low (overall average Fst = 0.015). Selective sweep analysis showed that 523,529 genes were selected in the two farmed populations, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the selected genes were related to amino acid metabolism, which might be caused by artificial feeding. The findings of this study provide valuable additions to the existing genomic resources to help conserve roughskin sculpin populations.

Background: Biometric parameters play an important role in studies on myopia. This study aimed to explore the application of a commercially available two-dimensional visualized swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, for in vivo biometric measurement in multiple myopia model species. Methods: In this study, chickens, guinea pigs, and C57BL/6 mice underwent eye imaging with the commercially available OCT (CASIA2), and the original images were used to calculate the central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (AL). The retinal thickness and choroidal thickness were also calculated in chicken eyes. The repeatability of the biometric measurement outcomes was analyzed. Results: Excellent repeatable AL measurements were obtained for all three species, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of ≥0.941 and a within-subject standard deviation of ≤0.055. Excellent repeatability was found in chicken eyes for ACD, LT, and VCD, with an ICC of ≥0.932; in guinea pig eyes for ACD and VCD, with an ICC of ≥0.934; and in mouse eyes for LT, with an ICC of ≥0.941. Conclusions: It is effective to use commercially available OCT to measure biometric parameters in chickens, guinea pigs, and C57BL/6 mice. This methodology could potentially increase the accuracy and efficiency of future myopia animal experiments.

Purpose: To develop predictive models for the intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedures, measured with a noncontact tonometer (NCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and an ocular response analyzer (ORA).Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 104 eyes (−6.23 ± 2.06 diopters) of 52 patients (24.38 ± 4.76 years) undergoing SMILE procedures were included. The intraocular pressure was measured (IOPNCT with NCT, IOPGAT with GAT, and IOPcc and IOPg with ORA) before surgery and at postoperative 6 months. Information on age, preoperative and attempted spherical equivalent (SE), ablation depth, preoperative values and postoperative changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), K1, K2, Km, corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) values was collected in order to predict IOPs.Results: All surgeries were uneventful. At postoperative 6 months, the efficacy and safety index were 1.04 ± 0.15 and 1.08 ± 0.18, respectively. Significant decreases were detected in postoperative IOPNCT, IOPGAT, IOPcc, and IOPg compared to preoperative values (all p < 0.001). No relationship was found between any IOP and ablation depth, attempted SE, and preoperative SE, as well as CCTdifference (all p > 0.05). Predictive models for IOPs were constructed to predict preoperative values, and R2 values were 67.5% (IOPNCT), 64.5% (IOPGAT), 78.7% (IOPcc), and 82.0% (IOPg). The prediction band of IOPNCT and IOPGAT was 7.4–15.1 mmHg and 8–16 mmHg, respectively.Conclusion: Predictive models for IOP measurements after SMILE procedures can be helpful in clinical practice.

Abstract Background To evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of implantable collamer lens with a central hole (EVO ICL) implantation for correcting high myopia (HM) and super high myopia (SHM). Methods This prospective study evaluated 83 eyes of 46 patients who were divided into groups based on their spherical equivalent refractive error (SE): HM group (− 12 D ≤ SE < − 6 D) and SHM group (SE

BackgroundCopper-induced cell death has been widely investigated in human diseases as a form of programmed cell death (PCD). The newly recognized mechanism underlying copper-induced cell death provided us creative insights into the copper-related toxicity in cells, and this form of PCD was termed cuproptosis.MethodsThrough consensus clustering analysis, ccRCC patients from TCGA database were classified into different subgroups with distinct cuproptosis-based molecular patterns. Analyses of clinical significance, long-term survival, and immune features were performed on subgroups accordingly. The cuproptosis-based risk signature and nomogram were constructed and validated relying on the ccRCC cohort as well. The cuproptosis scoring system was generated to better characterize ccRCC patients. Finally, in vitro validation was conducted using ccRCC clinical samples and cell lines.ResultPatients from different subgroups displayed diverse clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, immune-related score, and therapeutic responses. The prognostic model and cuproptosis score were well validated and proved to efficiently distinguish the high risk/score and low risk/score patients, which revealed the great predictive value. The cuproptosis score also tended out to be intimately associated with the prognosis and immune features of ccRCC patients. Additionally, the hub cuproptosis-associated gene (CAG) FDX1 presented a dysregulated expression pattern in human ccRCC samples, and it was confirmed to effectively promote the killing effects of copper ionophore elesclomol as a direct target. In vitro functional assays revealed the prominent anti-cancer role of FDX1 in ccRCC.ConclusionCuproptosis played an indispensable role in the regulation of TME features, tumor progression, and long-term prognosis of ccRCC.

PurposeTo analyze the development process of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery in a 12-year period.MethodsWe conducted a literature search for SMILE research from 2011 to 2022 using the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The VOS viewer, and CiteSpace software were used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Publication language, annual growth trend, countries/regions and institutions, journals, keywords, references, and citation bursts were analyzed.ResultsA total of 731 publications from 2011 to 2022 were retrieved. Annual publication records grew from two to more than 100 during this period. China had the highest number of publications (n = 326). Sixty-five keywords that appeared more than four times were classified into six clusters: femtosecond laser technology, dry eye, biomechanics, visual quality, complications, and hyperopia.ConclusionThe number of literatures has been growing rapidly in the past 12 years. Our study provides a deep insight into publications on SMILE for researchers and clinicians with bibliometric analysis for the first time.

Abstract Purpose To assess the ability of the Pentacam in predicting the corneal power after hyperopic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods Twenty-five eyes of 22 patients underwent hyperopic SMILE were prospectively followed. All patients finished at least 6 months visit. Cornea power was obtained by Pentacam HR, in the format of mean keratometry (Km), equivalent keratometry (EKR) and total cornea refractive power (TCRP). Calculation of TCRP were centered on either the corneal apex or the pupil center within a ring or zone, giving a total of four different subtypes naming AR、AZ、PR、PZ. Clinical history method (CHM) was regarded as a gold standard and was compared with other cornea power parameters. Results Center difference had no impact on the TCRP values (PR vs AR and PZ vs AZ, P > 0.05). Compared with CHM, no difference was found in Km, EKR 4.0 mm, EKR 4.5 mm, PR 3.0 mm, PR 4.0 mm, AR 3.0 mm and AR 4.0 mm. PR 4.0 mm showed the least difference with CHM (− 0.14 ± 1.03D, P > 0.05). The 95% limit of agreement (LOA) of the TCRPs and CHM was not close. The top two were PR 3.0 mm and PR 4.0 mm, LOA of which were − 2.20 to 1.84 D and − 2.18 to 1.68 D respectively. Central cornea thickness was correlated with error (TCRP – CHM) of PR 4.0 mm (r = 0.58, P = 0.003). Conclusions The Pentacam topographer is an alternative method of measuring corneal power in eyes after hyperopic SMILE. The optimal options seem to be the TCRP (PR 4.0 mm). The agreement needs more verifications.

IntroductionTo evaluate the safety and anterior chamber structure of implantation of the Evolution (EVO) implantable Collamer lens (EVO-ICL) in patients with short white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameters.Materials and methodsThe study population was divided into two groups: the experimental group (34 eyes of 34 patients) with WTW corneal diameters of ≤10.6 mm and the control group (59 eyes of 59 patients) with WTW corneal diameters of >10.6 mm. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, refractive power, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber angle, depth, volume, and vault.ResultsThe safety indices of the experimental and control groups were 1.17 ± 0.30 and 1.12 ± 0.14, respectively (P > 0.05); the effectiveness indices were 1.16 ± 0.31 and 1.07 ± 0.17, respectively (P > 0.05). The simulation curves of the expected and actual corrections in the experimental and control groups were y = 0.9876x – 0.0927 and y = 0.9799x + 0.0343, respectively. There were no significant differences between the IOPs and anterior chamber structures of the two groups (P > 0.05). The average vaults of the experimental and control groups were 395.76 ± 155.32 and 389.49 ± 135.01 μm, respectively (P > 0.05).ConclusionEVO-ICL implantation in patients with short WTW corneal diameters (≤ 10.6 mm) was determined to be a safe, effective, and predictable method for correcting myopia. The changes in the anterior chamber structure were still within normal limits after the surgery, the IOP remained stable, and the ideal vault was achieved after the surgery.

Aerosol loading and cloud cover can alter the composition of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and affect the ecosystem’s carbon cycle. In this study, we established an empirical model of the diffuse radiation fraction (Kd) based on a clearness index (Kt) to obtain the Kd of four FLUXNET forest sites in China. We focused on the relationships among the Kd, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), light-use efficiency (LUE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) through mechanistic analysis. The relationships between carbon fluxes [including GPP, ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE)] and the Kd were explored. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of environmental factors on carbon fluxes. The results showed that the Kd models were accurate in estimating Kd (R2= 0.88–0.93). Overall, the GPP first increased and then decreased with increasing Kd. When Kd< Ko (Ko, the diffuse radiation fraction corresponding to the maximum value of GPP), the direct PAR decreased as Kd increased, while the diffuse PAR increased rapidly. At this stage, the diffuse fertilization effect led to an increase in GPP. When KoKdiff-max, the diffuse PAR began to decrease, and the reduction in the superimposed direct PAR caused the GPP of the canopy to drop rapidly. The LUE of the vegetation canopy was higher under diffuse light conditions than under direct light. Furthermore, with an increase in the Kd, the negative value change of the NEE was consistent with the GPP, but the ER was less affected by the Kd. Finally, the impact of temperature (TA) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on the GPP was unimodal, and the impact on the NEE was U-shaped. In addition, latent heat (LE) had a significant positive effect on GPP and NEE. Our study emphasized the relationship between the change in PAR composition and the Kd, as well as its impact on the carbon fluxes change, which is highly important to the study of carbon neutralization.

This article establishes a circuit model with which to analyze the difficulty of auto-gain control driving for low-Q micromechanical gyroscopes at room temperature and normal pressure. It also proposes a driving circuit based on frequency modulation to eliminate the same-frequency coupling between the drive signal and displacement signal using a second harmonic demodulation circuit. The results of the simulation indicate that a closed-loop driving circuit system based on the frequency modulation principle can be established within 200 ms with a stable average frequency of 4504 Hz and a frequency deviation of 1 Hz. After the system was stabilized, the root mean square of the simulation data was taken, and the frequency jitter was 0.0221 Hz.

The elastic deformation of the levitation electromagnet (LM) of the high-speed maglev vehicle brings uneven levitation gaps and displacement differences between measured gap signals and the real gap in the middle of the LM, and then reduces dynamic performances of the electromagnetic levitation unit. However, most of the published literature has paid little attention to the dynamic deformation of the LM under complex line conditions. In this paper, considering the flexibility of the LM and the levitation bogie, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is established to simulate deformation behaviors of the LMs of the maglev vehicle passing through the 650 m radius horizontal curve. Simulated results indicate that the deflection deformation direction of the same LM on the front transition curve is always opposite to that on the rear transition curve. Similarly, the deflection deformation direction of a left LM on the transition curve is opposite to that of the corresponding right LM. Furthermore, deflection deformation amplitudes of the LMs in the middle of the vehicle are always very small (less than 0.2 mm). However, the deflection deformation of the LMs at both ends of the vehicle is considerably large, and the maximum deflection deformation is about 0.86 mm when the vehicle passes at the balance speed. This forms a considerable displacement disturbance for the nominal levitation gap of 10 mm. It is necessary to optimize the supporting structure of the LM at the end of the maglev train in the future.

PurposeTo evaluate the outcomes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and microdistortions in the Bowman’s layer after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for correcting extremely high myopia.MethodsThis prospective study included patients with myopia with spherical equivalent ≥ -9.0 Diopters (D). SMILE was performed in forty eyes of 40 patients. Pentacam was used to evaluate HOAs before and at 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 2 years after surgery. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate microdistortions at 2 years postoperatively. Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients receiving femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) were enrolled as the control group. HOAs were measured before, at 1 day and at least 1 year postoperatively.ResultsAfter SMILE, the long-term safety and effectiveness index was 1.25 and 0.85, respectively. Microdistortions were observed in 73.5% of the eyes at 2 years, with an average number of 1.20 ± 1.22 microdistortions and an average width of 287.37 ± 259.00 μm. We detected more microdistortions in the horizontal meridian than in the vertical meridian (p = 0.035). The average number and width of microdistortions were both higher in the central region (≤4 mm) than in the peripheral region (4–8 mm) (both p < 0.001). With the exception of horizontal trefoil in the SMILE group and vertical trefoil in the FS-LASIK group, significant changes over time were observed in all other HOAs (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we detected significant increases in the total corneal HOA, spherical aberration (SA), and coma at all time-points after both surgeries (all p < 0.01). Compared with FS-LASIK, SMILE induced less SA (p < 0.001) and more horizontal coma (p = 0.036). In the SMILE group, the HOA, SA, and trefoil were more in the small optical zone (≤6.0 mm) than in the large optical zone (>6.0 mm) (all p < 0.05). The increase in SA and most trefoil correlated with the mean number of central microdistortions number (all p < 0.05).ConclusionFor myopia over −9.0D, the microdistortions in the Bowman’s layer were still detectable in most eyes long-term after SMILE. Both SMILE and FS-LASIK induced more HOAs, mainly HOA, SA, and coma. The small optical zone and microdistortions may affect postoperative aberrations.

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare long-term postoperative quality of life and satisfaction differences between SMILE and FS-LASIK for myopia correction. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients under the age of 39 years, who chose to undergo SMILE or FS-LASIK surgery to both eyes 3 years previously. Patients completed a common vision test and Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire, together with the surgical satisfaction, adverse symptoms subjective survey. Patients with preoperative corrected distance visual acuity and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or greater were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent, age, and designed optical zones of the left and right eyes between the two groups. Results Forty-nine patients were included in each group after PSM from 188 patients. No significant difference in the total QIRC score was found between the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups (45.89 ± 5.91 vs 45.09 ± 5.65, p = 0.492). There were no differences in surgical satisfaction between the groups (p = 0.178). Compared to the SMILE group, the FS-LASIK group had more glare (2.12 ± 2.25 vs 3.22 ± 2.54, p = 0.026) and severe dryness (1.80 ± 1.98 vs 2.79 ± 2.19, p = 0.021). Conclusion Postoperative quality of life is similar after SMILE or FS-LASIK. Dry eye symptoms and glare were milder in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group.

Abstract Background To evaluate lenticule surface characteristics of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia correction in rabbits. Methods The left and right eyes of 8 rabbits were divided into two groups. The right eyes were assigned to a myopia group, and the left eyes to a hyperopia group. The rabbits received SMILE procedures with + 3.00 D and − 3.00 D correction for the hyperopia and myopia groups, respectively. Extracted lenticules were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Lenticules from odd-numbered rabbits were accessed with the anterior surface, and lenticules from even-numbered rabbits were observed with the posterior surface. A previously established scoring system was used to evaluate lenticule surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scores between the two groups. Results All procedures were performed successfully, and the lenticules were extracted smoothly. One myopia lenticule that was facing downward was handled failed in preparation for imaging, thus 15 lenticules were ultimately graded. Twelve lenticules exhibited smooth surfaces, and regularly arranged tissue bridges were observed in almost all regions. Three lenticules exhibited a partially rough surface and irregularities affecting more than 10% of the lenticules (2 in the hyperopia group and 1 in the myopia group). Rough lenticules occurred in twice as many lenticules in the hyperopia group compared to the myopia group. Conclusions Scan quality of lenticules after SMILE for hyperopia correction is comparable to that of myopia lenticules. The shape of hyperopic lenticule may increase the difficulty of surgical manipulation and result in surface roughness.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram for subclinical keratoconus diagnosis using corneal tomographic and biomechanical integration assessments.Design: This is a retrospective case–control study.Methods:Setting: The study was carried out in a hospital setting. Patients: The study included patients with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) and normal controls. Patients with VAE had defined clinical ectasia in one eye and normal topography (VAE-NT) in the fellow eye, and VAE-NT eyes were selected for analysis. VAE-NT was defined as stratified stage 0 using the ABCD keratoconus grading system. The normal control group was selected from corneal refractive surgery candidates at our clinic, and the right eye was enrolled. Observation Procedures: Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography (Pentacam) and corneal biomechanical assessment (Corvis ST) were performed. Main Outcome Measures: We performed multiple logistic regression analysis and constructed a simple nomogram via the stepwise method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and discrimination and calibration of prognostic nomogram were performed by 500 bootstrap resamplings to assess the determination and clinical value, respectively.Results: A total of 59 VAE-NT and 142 normal eyes were enrolled. For differentiating normal and VAE-NT eyes, the values of specificity, sensitivity, and area under the ROC (AUROC) were 0.725, 0.610, and 0.713 for tomographic parameters, 0.886, 0.632, and 0.811 for biomechanical parameters, and 0.871, 0.754, and 0.849 for combined parameters, respectively. Combined parameters showed better predictability than separated tomographic or biomechanical parameters.Conclusion: Our nomogram developed with combined tomographic and biomechanical parameters demonstrated a plausible, capable, and widely implementable tool to predict risk of keratoconus. The identification of at-risk patients can provide advanced strategies to epitomize ectasia susceptibility.

Purpose:To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.Methods:A total of 74 patients aged 18–44 years were recruited in this study (male: female, 32:42), including 33 patients with high myopia [≤ -6.0 diopters (D)] and 41 patients with moderate-to-low myopia (>-6.0 D). Stereopsis was measured using glasses-free, polarized, and Titmus stereotests. All patients completed a visual fatigue questionnaire after the polarized stereotest and glasses-free test. Kendall's W and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to evaluate repeatability and consistency of the glasses-free stereotest.Results:The stereotest results using the glasses-free monitor showed strong repeatability in the three consecutive tests (W = 0.968, P < 0.01) and good consistency with the polarized stereotest and Titmus test results (vs. polarization: Kappa = 0.910, P < 0.001; vs. Titmus: Kappa = 0.493, P < 0.001). Stereopsis levels of the high myopia group were significantly poorer than those of the moderate-to-low myopia group in three stereotest monitors (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual fatigue level between the polarized and the glasses-free display test (P = 0.72). Compared with the polarized test, 56.76% of patients preferred the glasses-free display and found it more comfortable, 20.27% reported both tests to be acceptable.Conclusions:In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance.