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Background: Bismuth has antimicrobial activity and can improve the efficacy of triple Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy. Allicin added to conventional therapy for H. pylori infection also improves H. pylori eradication rates. Thus, this study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of allicin-containing quadruple therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy and to investigate the factors that affect the eradication rates., Methods: Two hundred twenty H. pylori-infected patients were included and randomly (1:1) assigned to 14-day quadruple therapy: ilaprazole (5 mg bid), doxycycline (100 mg bid), and furazolidone (100 mg bid) with an allicin soft capsule (40 mg of DATS tid) (IDFA) or colloidal bismuth tartrate (220 mg of elemental bismuth bid) (IDFB). Eradication was confirmed by urea breath tests. Symptom improvement, adverse events, and adherence were assessed by a questionnaire., Results: In the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, the eradication rates for IDFA and IDFB groups were 87.5% (70/80) vs. 86.3% (69/80, P = 0.815) and 91.9% (68/74) vs. 91.8% (67/73, P = 0.980) as first-line therapies; 83.3% (25/30) vs. 83.3% (25/30, P = 1) and 89.3% (25/28) vs. 88.9% (24/27, P = 1) as second-line therapies. Symptom improvement rates were 96.1% and 97.0% for IDFA and IDFB (P = 1). The adverse event rates were 10.9% in IDFA and 14.5% in IDFB groups (P = 0.418). Nausea occurred frequently in IDFB than IDFA (1.8% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.030). Smoking and sharing utensils significantly affected the efficacy., Conclusion: Allicin-containing quadruple therapy might be regarded as a promising alternative to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in H. pylori eradication., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate the predictive effect of the combined markers of haemoglobin and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the long-term survival of patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)., Patients and Methods: A total of 238 patients were included in this retrospective analysis. PNI was calculated as the serum albumin level (g/L) + 5 × absolute lymphocyte count, and the cut-off values of PNI and haemoglobin were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Then, we combined haemoglobin and PNI, named the H-PNI score, as a predictor of tumour prognosis. The patients were divided into three groups: H-PNI score of 2 (having both hyper-haemoglobin and high PNI), H-PNI score of 1 (having one of these haematological abnormalities), and H-PNI score of 0 (having neither hyper-haemoglobin nor high PNI). The overall survival (OS) rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival differences between groups were evaluated using the Log rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. P values <0.05 indicated statistical significance., Results: The cut-off values of haemoglobin and PNI were 132.5 (g/L) and 46.55, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high haemoglobin and PNI levels had a significantly better prognosis than those with low haemoglobin and PNI levels (P = 0.015 and P = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, the survival rate was significantly lower in patients with an H-PNI score of 0 than in those with an H-PNI score of 1-2 (P=0.000). Univariate analysis indicated that differentiation, T and N classification, and H-PNI score were significantly associated with OS. Finally, differentiation (P=0.002), T and N classification (P=0.000), and H-PNI score (P=0.01) were independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy., Conclusion: The H-PNI score was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2020 Wang et al.)

According to drug design flattening principle and using podophyllotoxin or 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin and aldehydes as starting material,a series of podophyllotoxin derivatives containing an imine structure with low toxicity were highly effective synthesized. Nine target compounds were successfully synthesized,and their structures were confirmed by ~1H-NMR,HR-ESI-MS and melting point data analysis. Using etoposide as positive control drug,nine target compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against He La cells in vitro by MTT method. The antitumor activity screening results showed that compound 6 b,6 d,6 e,6 f,6 g,6 i exhibited higher inhibitory rate against He La cells than those of control drug VP-16. It provides some practical reference value for the further development on the structure modification of podophyllotoxin and study on anti-tumor activity.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine deficiency or excess on growth and the expression of lipid metabolism genes in slow-growing birds. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. The birds fed the basal diet with a total lysine 0.60% (LL), 1.00% (ML), or 1.40% (HL). The amount of lysine (ML) as the control group, LL and HL as the experimental group, the trial period last 3 wk. The results showed that compared with ML, LL significantly decreased average daily gain and average daily feed intake and remarkably increased feed conversion ratio of birds at 21 day old (P < 0.01), while the above indices in HL had no significant effects (P > 0.05). Besides, LL reduced the pectoral muscle rate (P < 0.01) and decreased the percentage of abdominal fat significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with ML, the expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), malic enzyme (ME), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) mRNA of liver in LL was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mRNA was significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas LL had no significant effects on the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA (P > 0.05). Moreover, compared with ML, HL significantly reduced the expression of FABP1, ACC, ME, SREBP-1c, and PPARα mRNA in the liver (P < 0.05), and had no significant effects on the expression of CETP mRNA (P > 0.05). The results of current research suggest that dietary lysine deficiency could reduce the growth and fat deposition of slow-growing broilers mainly by downregulating the expression of lipid synthesis genes., (© 2019 Poultry Science Association Inc.)

According to drug design flattening principle,a series of novel indole podophyllotoxin derivatives which were introduced different indole substituents in C-4 position on the basis of podophyllotoxin nucleus were synthesized with the starting material podophyllotoxin and 1 H-indole-5-carboxylic acid. Its anti-tumor activity in vitro was tested in order to screen for high-efficiency and low-toxic compounds. Six target compounds were synthesized,and were confirmed by~1 H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,HR-ESI-MS and melting point determination analysis. All these target compounds were not reported by previous literature. Using etoposide as positive control drug,all the target compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against He La cells,K562 cells and K562/A02 cell in vitro by MTT method. The antitumor activity screening results showed that compounds 4 b,4 e,4 f exhibited higher inhibitory rate against He La cells and K562 cells than those of control drug VP-16. This route has the advantages on simple operation and reasonable design,provides some practical reference value for the further development on the structure modification of podophyllotoxin and study on anti-tumor activity.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to detect the expression of fork-head box D3 (FOXD3) and investigate its diagnostic value in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The relative expression of FOXD3 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Chi-square test was used to explore the relevance of FOXD3 expression with clinical features of NSCLC patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was built to estimate the diagnostic value of FOXD3 in distinguishing NSCLC patients from healthy controls. RESULTS Serum FOXD3 expression was weakly expressed in NSCLC patients compared to the controls at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.001) and low FOXD3 expression was positively correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. The ROC curve indicated that FOXD3 acts as a diagnostic bio-marker for NSCLC patients, with an AUC of 0.826 corresponding to a sensitivity of 77.1% and a specificity of 74.6%, and an optimal cutoff point of 2.38. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of serum FOXD3 was observed in NSCLC patients, and it was found to be a potential molecular marker for the diagnosis of NSCLC.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on antioxidant capacity and immune function in oxidative-stressed breeder roosters. One hundred twenty 45-week-old Lveyang black-boned breeder roosters were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments, including negative control group (NC), positive control group (PC), and 3 trial groups, which were fed the diets containing 300 mg/kg VC, 200 mg/kg VE, or 300 mg/kg VC and 200 mg/kg VE (VC+VE). At 47 wk of age, the positive control and trial groups were subcutaneously injected 3 times every other d with dexamethasone (DEX) 4 mg/kg of body weight, the negative control group was injected with saline. The experiment lasted for 35 d. The results showed that at 50 wk of age, average daily feed intake of birds challenged with DEX significantly increased (P < 0.05). During post-stress recovery period (52 wk of age), dietary supplemental VE or VC+VE notably increased body weight under oxidative stress (P < 0.01). Oxidative stress induced by DEX could significantly decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD), IgM, antibody titer of ND and mRNA expression of SOD or glutathion peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), increase serous malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). Supplementation of VC or VE significantly decreased serous MDA, and increased SOD under oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Supplementation of VC or VE, or their combination significantly increased the relative expression of GSH-Px mRNA when compared to the oxidative-stressed control treatment (P < 0.05), whereas did not alleviate the relative expression of SOD mRNA (P > 0.05). Therefore, the results suggest that addition of 300 mg/kg VC, 200 mg/kg VE or their combination could improve antioxidant ability and immune performance in oxidative-stressed breeder roosters through up-regulating the expression of GSH-Px gene.

Background/aims: Spinal microglia and astrocytes are the main responders to the inflammatory cascade and process pain through various neural interactions. CXCL10 is a late-phase protein that accelerates arteriogenesis during reperfusion through CXCR3. However, the early-phase expression (within 72 h postoperatively) of CXCL10 and CXCR3 during the development of ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced inflammatory pain remains unclear. We investigated whether this chemokine pair participates in glial interactions during early-phase IR injury., Methods: A rat model was induced by an 8-min occlusion of the aortic arch. Temporal assessments of mechanical and thermal allodynia and the protein levels of CXCL10 and CXCR3 were determined through measurements of paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) and Western blotting assays. The co-localization of various cells with glial cells was detected by double immunofluorescence. The effects of CXCL10/CXCR3 on glial interactions were explored by intrathecal treatment with specific inhibitors (AMD487, minocycline and fluorocitrate) and recombinant CXCL10, and subsequent release of cytokines was assessed by ELISAs., Results: The IR injury initiated bimodal allodynia within 72 h of reperfusion, as illustrated by two W-shape trends in the PWTs and PWLs with two minima at 12 and 48 h post-IR. Allodynia was highly correlated with overexpression of CXCL10 and CXCR3, which were expressed in microglia at the early stage and in both microglia and astrocytes at the late stage, as shown by increased CXCL10 and CXCR3 immunoreactivities and double-labeled cells. AMD487 and minocycline injections exerted comparable inhibitory effects on CXCR3 and Iba-1 and on GFAP immunoreactivity at 12 and 48 h post-IR, and these inhibitory effects were only observed at 48 h following fluorocitrate injection. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 showed variations in concert with the changes in Iba-1 and GFAP immunoreactivities. Recombinant CXCL10 injection reversed the abovementioned effects., Conclusion: The results showed that CXCL10/CXCR3 are involved in bimodal inflammatory pain during early-phase IR injury. The sequential activation of and crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes mediated through CXCR3 upregulation suggested that treatments targeting specific cell types are important in post-IR allodynia., (© 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background/aims: ATP-binding cassette transporter E1 (ABCE1), a unique ABC superfamily member that bears two Fe-S clusters, is essential for metastatic progression in lung cancer. Fe-S clusters within ABCE1 are crucial for ribosome dissociation and translation reinitiation; however, whether these clusters promote tumor proliferation and migration is unclear., Methods: The interaction between ABCE1 and β-actin was confirmed using GST pull-down. The lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell line A549 was transduced with lentiviral packaging vectors overexpressing either wild-type ABCE1 or ABCE1 with Fe-S cluster deletions (ΔABCE1). The role of Fe-S clusters in the viability and migration of cancer cells was evaluated using clonogenic, MTT, Transwell and wound healing assays. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was determined using immunofluorescent techniques., Results: Fe-S clusters were the key domains in ABCE1 involved in binding to β-actin. The proliferative and migratory capacity increased in cells overexpressing ABCE1. However, the absence of Fe-S clusters reversed these effects. A549 cells overexpressing ABCE1 exhibited irregular morphology and increased levels of cytoskeletal polymerization as indicated by the immunofluorescence images. In contrast, cells expressing the Fe-S cluster deletion mutant presented opposing effects., Conclusion: These results demonstrate the indispensable role of Fe-S clusters when ABCE1 participates in the proliferation and migration of LUADs by interacting with β-actin. The Fe-S clusters of ABCE1 may be potential targets for the prevention of lung cancer metastasis., (© 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghu Qinggan Granule ( , SQG) plus Yigan Yiqi Jieyu Granule (, YYJG) combined with lamivudine (LAM) on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients., Methods: The study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded and parallel controlled trial. A total of 320 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups equally: 160 patients (treatment group) were given SQG and YYJG combined with LAM; and 160 patients (control group) were given LAM plus Chinese herb placebo, respectively. Liver functions, hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg) titer levels, and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) load were monitored., Results: (1) In the 48th week, the treatment group showed superior HBeAg seroconversion rate than that in the control group (38.0% vs. 24.0%, P<0.05). (2) In the 48th week, the treatment group demonstrated lower HBeAg titer than that in the control group (P<0.05). (3) In the 12th, 24th, 48th week, there was no statistical significance in HBV-DNA response rate between the two groups. (4) In the 12th week, the level of glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.05); in the 36th week, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were significantly lower in the treatment group than those in the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The protocol of SQG and YYJG combined with LAM to treat CHB showed superior efficacy than LAM monotherapy.

ATP binding cassette E1 (ABCE1), a member of the family of ATP binding cassette transporters, has initially emerged as an RNase L inhibitor. As a highly conserved protein, it is involved in capsid assembly and translation processes of the human immunodeficiency virus as well as in tumor development and progression. Studies have shown that ABCE1 protein was overexpressed in lung carcinoma tissues and metastatic lymph nodes compared to normal lung tissues. However, little is known about the roles of ABCE1 in lung cancer. The present study investigated the biological effects of vector-mediated ABCE1 overexpression in lung cancer cells in vitro and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Overexpression of ABCE1 in the LTEP‑a-2 lung adenocarcinoma cell line was achieved by transfection with a plasmid containing full‑length ABCE1 cDNA. The ectopic expression of ABCE1 was shown to promote the viability and invasive capacity of lung cancer cells, and to in reduce p27 expression. However, overexpression of ABCE1 did not significantly affect the cell cycle distribution. In conclusion, the present study suggested that ABCE1 promotes the growth, invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells and may represent a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.

ATP-binding cassette E1 (ABCE1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporters and regulates a broad range of biological functions including viral infection, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptosis. We have previously shown that ABCE1 is a prognostic indicator for lung cancer, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate whether the ABCE1 gene contributes to the malignancy of lung tumors, we introduced ABCE1 into LTEP-a-2 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Ectopic ABCE1 expression promoted clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth of LTEP-a-2 cells, while in a mouse xenograft tumor model, it had an augmentative effect on tumor growth and metastasis and reduced the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45α). Moreover, apoptosis was not significantly influenced by ABCE1 in vitro. In summary, we have provided evidence that ABCE1 plays an essential role in the progression and metastasis of lung cancers and may represent a valuable therapeutic target for the management of lung tumor.

Right-sided aortic arch (RAA) is a rare congenital developmental variant present in about 0.1 percent of the population. This anatomical anomaly is commonly associated with congenital heart disease and complications from compression of mediastinal structures. However, it is unknown if patients are at a higher risk of blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI). We report a case of a 20-year-old man admitted to the hospital after being hit by an automobile. Computed tomographic scan revealed an RAA with an aberrant left subclavian artery originating from a Kommerell's diverticulum. A pseudo-aneurysm was also seen along the aortic arch. A diagnosis of blunt traumatic aortic injury was made. The patient was successfully treated with a 26mm Vascutek hybrid stentgraft using the frozen elephant trunk technique. A literature review of the pathophysiology of BTAI was performed to investigate if patients with right-sided aortic arch are at a higher risk of suffering from BTAI. Results from the review suggest that although theoretically there may be a higher risk of BTAI in RAA patients, the rarity of this condition has prevented large studies to be conducted. Previously reported cases of BTAI in RAA have highlighted the possibility that the aortic isthmus may be anatomically weak and therefore prone to injury. We have explored this possibility by reviewing current literature of the embryological origins of the aortic arch and descending aorta.

Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is a common cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. Increased expression of permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), which is also known as MDR-1, is the main cause of multidrug resistance. Podophyllotoxin derivatives hold great promise in the battle to overcome multidrug resistance, as they can induce cytotoxicity through multiple mechanisms. Here, we synthesized sixteen novel podophyllotoxin derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxicities in human cancer cell lines, HeLa, K562 and K562/A02. Some of these compounds were more potent than etoposide, a clinically relevant inhibitor of DNA repair enzymes. In particular, compound 5p exhibited the most potent activity toward drug-resistant K562/A02 cells, as it robustly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, preliminary investigation suggested that 5p inhibited the expression of MDR-1 in K562/A02 cells more effectively than etoposide., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Shenfu injection is developed by improving dosage form of ancient prescription "Shenfu Tang" and is mainly derived from extracts of both traditional Chinese medicine red ginseng and prepared lateral root of monkshood with polysorbate 80 as auxiliary material. Shenfu injection may be administered through intramuscular injection, intravenous drip or intravenous injection. It produces good effects in restoring Yang and rescuing patients from collapse, tonifying Qi and preventing exhaustion. It is mainly used to treat not only syncope and prostration resulting from sudden Yang collapse (infectious, hemorrhagic and water depletion shock etc), but also pavor, palpitation, dyspnea with cough, stomachache, diarrhea and arthralgia etc caused by deficiency of Yang (deficiency of vital energy). Research group has audited the monitored hospitals and has carried out postmarketing study of Shenfu solution from many aspects including literature review, spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and hospital information system (HIS) data analysis etc. A summary is shown below.

Studies have suggested a possible correlation between the newly identified E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 146 (RNF146) and tumor development. However, until now, studies on RNF146 have been restricted to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and ubiquitin ligation, whereas the role of RNF146 in tumor biology has rarely been reported. In the present study, the role of RNF146 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. The results showed that the expression of RNF146 was increased in clinical lung cancer samples and cell lines. RNF146 expression correlated with tumor size, differentiation level, lymphatic metastasis, pTNM staging, and prognosis of patients in stage I. RNF146 expression was negatively correlated with Axin expression but positively correlated with the nuclear expression of β-catenin in NSCLC tissues. RNF146 downregulated the expression of Axin in lung cancer cell lines and induced the expression and nuclear distribution of β-catenin. Overexpression of RNF146 in NSCLC cell lines increased the levels of cyclinD1, cyclinE, and CDK4, promoted cell cycle G0/G1-S transitions, and regulated cell proliferation. Overexpression of RNF146 led to upregulated levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 7 and enhanced lung cancer cell invasiveness, events that were mediated by the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, the data in the present study indicate that RNF146 regulated the development and progression of NSCLC by enhancing cell growth, invasion, and survival, suggesting that RNF146 may be a potential treatment target in NSCLC.

The Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchanging factor p114RhoGEF is involved in RhoA activation and cell motility. Previous studies suggest that altered expression of p114RhoGEF could contribute to cancer progression. We investigated an association of p114RhoGEF expression with progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect p114RhoGEF expression in 105 NSCLC (34 adenocarcinoma and 71 squamous-cell carcinoma) and 32 normal lung tissues. We found that p114RhoGEF expression was upregulated in squamous-cell lung carcinoma and that p114RhoGEF expression was significantly higher in squamous-cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma or normal tissues (P<0.05, both). Expression of p114RhoGEF protein was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer (P<0.05), but not with patients' age, gender, tumor size, differentiation, or stage. Expression of p114RhoGEF protein was also associated with poor overall and event-free survival of squamous-cell lung carcinoma patients (P<0.05). Taken together, p114RhoGEF expression may be useful in predicting progression and survival of squamous-cell lung carcinoma patients. A future study will investigate whether p114RhoGEF can serve as a novel therapeutic target in squamous-cell lung cancer.

Protein kinase cAMP-dependent catalytic β (PRKACB) is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and a key effector of the cAMP/PKA-induced signal transduction involved in numerous cellular process, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene transcription, metabolism and differentiation. In the present study, the expression pattern of PRKACB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effect of PRKACB upregulation on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were investigated. PRKACB mRNA and protein expression was analyzed in the NSCLC tissue and corresponding normal tissues of 30 cases, using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. A plasmid containing full-length PRKACB was transfected into LTEP-A2 cells to further investigate the effects of PRKACB overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of the transfected cells, which were examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. The results revealed that the NSCLC tissues exhibited much lower levels of PRKACB mRNA and protein compared with their corresponding normal tissues. The upregulation of PRKACB decreased the numbers of proliferative, colony and invasive cells, while the apoptotic rates of transfected cells were increased. These data indicate that PRKACB is downregulated in NSCLC tissues and that upregulation of PRKACB may be an effective way to prevent the progression of NSCLC.

ATP binding cassette E1 (ABCE1) protein, also named RLI or HP68, is one member of ATP binding cassette superfamily. By forming a heterodimer with RNase L, ABCE1 protein inhibits the IFN-depended 2-5A/RNase L system and regulates a broad range of biological functions including viral infection, tumor cell proliferation, and antiapoptosis. As a highly conserved protein, recent studies have mainly focused that ABCE1 protein is involving in the fields of HIV virus capsids assembly and important roles in translation. Our manuscript will review the studies which revealed the biological regulation of ABCE1., (Copyright © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

Objective: To ensure the stable quality of Shenfu injection, control potential risk and reduce risk damage., Method: To screen and evaluate the risk in the production, GAP, research and development, circulation, clinical application, intellectual property, emergency treatment,control and prevente the potential risks., Result: The risk-control system of Shenfu injection has been constructed initially., Conclusion: It has a great significance for the establishment of traditional Chinese medicive injections' risk-control system. The keys of the risk-control in future are to make strategy, perfect the organization structure and collaborating among various departments.

In the title compound, C(30)H(32)N(2)O(7)·CH(4)O, the tetra-hydro-furan ring and the six-membered ring fused to it both display envelope conformations, with the ring C atom opposite the carbonyl group and the adjacent bridgehead C atom as the flaps, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link all moieties into ribbons along [010]. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions consolidate the crystal packing further.

In title compound, C(27)H(27)NO(8), the dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one ring and the six-membered ring fused to it both display envelope conformations. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the benzo[d][1,3]dioxole group and the other benzene ring is 60.59 (2)°. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. The furan ring is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.722 (7) and 0.278 (7).

In title compound, C(16)H(17)FN(2)O(2), the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation.. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.503 (5) Å] and inter-molecular C-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯F hydrogen-bond inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(16)H(20)N(2)O(3), the crystal packing is stabilized by weak π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.577 (9) and 3.693 (9) Å] and inter-molecular C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions. The C atoms of the N-isopropyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.61(3) and 0.39(3).

Based on the investigation of biomass and the measurement of CO2 and CH4 fluxes, the CO2 exchanges between mangrove- and shoal wetland ecosystems and atmosphere in Guangzhou were studied, and the CO2 absorption capability of the wetlands vegetation net productivity as well as the carbon sink function of the wetlands under different waterlogged conditions (perennial, intermittent, and no water-logging) was analyzed. As for mangrove wetland ecosystem, its vegetation net productivity absorbed 33.74 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CO2, and soil emitted 12.26 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CO2 (including the greenhouse effect amount of CH4 converted into that of CO2,) illustrating that mangrove wetland had a 21.48 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) net absorption of CO2, being a strong carbon sink. For shoal wetland ecosystem, its vegetation net productivity absorbed 8.54 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CO2, and soil emitted 5.88 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CO2 and 0.19 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CH4. If converting into carbon, the wetland absorbed 2.33 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1), and soil emitted 1.74 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1) (including the carbon in CH4), illustrating that shoal wetland fixed 0.59 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1), being a weak carbon sink. If the greenhouse effect amount of CH4 was converted into that of CO2, the soil emitted 9.78 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of CO2, which was 1.24 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) more than the absorption. As a result, shoal wetland was a weak carbon source. Between the two test greenhouse gases, CH4 was the main one emitted under perennial water-logging, while CO2 was that under no water-logging. Moreover, the wetland under perennial water-logging had the strongest carbon sink function, while that under no water-logging was in adverse.

Aim: To determine the dynamic changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs inhibitors (TIMPs) during hepatic fibrosis induced by alcohol., Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, 4 d, 2 wk, 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups, and the model rats were fed with a mixture of alcohol by gastric infusion at the designed time, respectively, then decollated and their livers were harvested for the examination of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by immunohistochemistry, zymograghy and Western blotting, respectively., Results: Normal rats had moderate expression of MMP-2, which was decreased in the model rats except in the 11 wk group, where MMP-2 expression slightly increased. MMP-3 had the similar changing pattern to MMP-2 despite weaker expression. MMP-9 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, rose in the 4 wk group, decreased again in the 9 wk group and returned to normal levels in the 11 wk group. MMP-13 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, and returned to normal levels in the 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups. TIMP-1 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, but sharply increased in the 4 wk group and sustained at a high level even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk. In normal rats TIMP-2 expression was strong. However, it decreased as soon as modeling began, and then gradually rose, but remained to a level lower than that in normal rats even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk., Conclusion: MMP-2 may not always expresses at a high level during hepatic fibrosis. MMP-13 and MMP-3 are acutely affected by TIMP-1. In this model TIMP-1 is the most powerful factor imposed on capillarization and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. TIMP-2 is the most effective regulator on the metabolism of type IV collagen located in the basement of sinus.

Aim: To investigate the dynamic changes of capillarization and peri-sinusoid fibrosis in an alcoholic liver disease model induced by a new method., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely normal, 4 d, 2 w, 4 w, 9 w and 11 w groups. The animals were fed with a mixture of alcohol for designated days and then decollated, and their livers were harvested to examine the pathological changes of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, sinusoid, peri-sinusoid. The generation of three kinds of extra cellular matrix was also observed., Results: The injury of hepatocytes became severer as modeling going on. Under electronic microscope, fatty vesicles and swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes, activated hepatic stellate cells with fibrils could been seen near or around it. Fenestrae of sinusoidal endothelial cells were decreased or disappeared, sinusoidal basement was formed. Under light microscopy typical peri-sinusoid fibrosis, gridding-like fibrosis, broaden portal areas, hepatocyte's fatty and balloon denaturation, iron sediment, dot necrosis, congregated lymphatic cells and leukocytes were observed. Type I collagen showed an increasing trend as modeling going on, slightly recovered when modeling stopped for 2 weeks. Meanwhile, type IV collagen decreased rapidly when modeling began and recovered after modeling stopped for 2 weeks. Laminin increased as soon as modeling began and did not recover when modeling stopped for 2 weeks., Conclusion: The pathological changes of the model were similar to that of human ALD, but mild in degree. It had typical peri-sinusoid fibrosis, however, capillarization seemed to be instable. It may be related with the reduction of type IV collagen in the basement of sinusoid during modeling.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the clinical features and prognosis in young patients with lung cancer who underwent resection., Methods: Statistical analysis was employed on sex, age, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, in 92 young cases younger than 40 years old among 930 cases with primary lung cancer who underwent surgery from January 1978 to December 1996., Results: There were 92 young patients with lung cancer, accounting for 9.89% of the total cases. They were 71 male and 21 female patients, with the ratio of 3.38:1. The histological types were 34 squamous cell carcinomas (37%), 30 adenocarcinomas (33%), 26 small cell carcinomas (28%), and two large cell carcinomas (2%). On TNM staging, there were 30 cases in stage I (32.6%), 30 in stage II (32.6%) and 32 in stage III (34.8%). Lobectomy was conducted in 54 patients (59%), pneumonectomy in 36 (39%) and wedge-shaped resection in two cases (2%). The rate of pneumonectomy in young patients was significantly higher than that of 18% in older patients (>40) with lung cancer (P<0.01). 57 patients (62%) received absolutely curative resection; 28 cases (30%), relatively curative resection; seven cases (8%), non-curative resection. The postoperative 5-year-survival was 46% (42/92), in comparison with 34% (288/838) in patients older than 40 receiving operation during the same period, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The 5-year-survivals in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were 68% (23/34), 30% (9/30), 38% (10/26) and 0 (0/2), respectively. The survival in squamous cell cancer was markedly higher than in adenocarcinoma (P<0.01) and in small cell carcinoma (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between adenocarcinoma and small cell cancer. The 5-year-survivals in stage I, II and III were 63% (19/30), 53% (16/30) and 22% (7/32), respectively. There was no significant difference between stage I and II, while remarkable difference was found between stage I and III (P<0.01), and between stage II and III (P<0.05). The 5-year-survival in patients undergoing absolutely curative resection was 67% (38/57), and 14% (4/28) in patients with relatively curative resection, with significant difference (P<0.01). No patient survived longer than the 5th postoperative year in seven cases receiving non-curative resection., Conclusions: Young patients with lung cancer were more often seen in male than in female. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for the most part, no statistical difference, however, compared with adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. The pneumonectomy rate in young patients was remarkably higher than that in patients older than 40. The postoperative 5-year-survival in young patients was considerably higher than in patients older than 40 who underwent surgery during the same period. Favorable prognosis was seen in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and undergoing absolutely curative resection, while worse outcome in stage III cancer.