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The phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Paris yunnanensis Franch. resulted in the discovery and characterisation of six compounds, including two new saponins named parisyunnanosides M-N ( 1 - 2 ), and four known ones ( 3 - 6 ). The structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods. Compound 2 is a pregnane-type saponin with a special α , β -unsaturated carboxylic acid moiety at C-17, which is first discovered in genus Paris . The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was assessed in vitro . The results demonstrated that compounds 3 and 4 could significantly inhibit the production of NO which was induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells with IC 50 values of 0.67 ± 0.17 μM and 0.85 ± 0.12 μM, respectively.