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This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model of central venous access device–related thrombosis (CRT) for hospitalized children. A total of 503 consecutive cases from a hospital in Changsha City, Hunan Province were stochastically classified into the training set and internal validation set at a ratio of 7:3, and 85 consecutive cases in two hospitals in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected as an external validation set. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on CRT-related risk factors of hospitalized children were conducted, a logistic regression model was employed to establish the nomogram, and the discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis was performed to assess the proposed nomogram model. The nomogram model involved seven independent risk factors, including blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line–associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h. The discrimination results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set was 0.74, 0.71, and 0.76 respectively, and the accuracy rates of the proposed nomogram model were 79%, 72%, and 71% in the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set. The calibration results also showed that the calibration curve had great fitness for each dataset. More importantly, the decision curve suggested that the proposed nomogram model had a prominent clinical significance. Conclusion: The nomogram model can be used as a risk assessment tool to reduce the missed diagnosis rate and the incidence of CRT in hospitalized children. What is Known: • Central venous access device–related thrombosis is generally asymptomatic for hospitalized children, causing the missed diagnosis of central venous access device–related thrombosis easily. • No risk prediction nomogram model for central venous access device–related thrombosis in hospitalized children has been established. What is New: • A visual and personalized nomogram model was built by seven accessible variables (blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line–associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h). • The model can effectively predict the risk of central venous access device–related thrombosis for hospitalized children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) is a common complication in hospitalized children. The pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice are of great significance for CRT prevention in hospitalized children. The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the level and influencing factors of pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice on the prevention related to CRT in hospitalized children. This national cross-sectional study was carried out in China from January 16, 2021, to April 23, 2021. A multi-stage sampling method was adopted, and 1060 pediatric nurses from 21 hospitals participated in this study. The current situation and influencing factors of pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice were investigated by descriptive statistics, approximate t test or independent-sample t test, nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. The relationship among pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice was explored by the Pearson correlation analysis. Among all pediatric nurses involved in this study, 25% had insufficient knowledge, 18% had negative attitudes, and 24% had poor behaviors. The main influencing factors on the knowledge, attitude, and practice included the highest education level of pediatric nurses (β = 0.10, P =.001), whether received training related to CRT prevention (β = 0.09–0.14, P <.01), whether CRT-related knowledge was enough for dealing with clinical work (β = 0.18–0.21, P <.001), and the importance of hospitals/departments on children CRT prevention (β = 0.16–0.24, P <.001). There was a positive correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice (r = 0.24–0.77, P <.01). Conclusion: Pediatric nurses' CRT-prevention knowledge and practice are unsatisfactory, while their preventive attitude toward CRT prevention is optimistic. This study assists the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for pediatric nurses in preventing CRT in hospitalized children by hospital-related organizations and nursing managers, so as to improve the participation of pediatric nurses in CRT prevention and reduce the occurrence of CRT for hospitalized children. What is Known: • As a common complication in hospitalized children, CRT can induce many potentially serious complications. • A professional nursing team is an important prerequisite for reducing CRT incidence. What is New: • The levels of pediatric nurses' knowledge and practice are not satisfactory, while pediatric nurses' preventive attitude toward CRT prevention is optimistic. • Hospital-related organizations and nursing managers should highlight the importance of CRT prevention and encourage pediatric nurses to improve their expertise and strengthen the training related to CRT prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SPH simulations of non-isothermal viscoelastic injection molding process are conducted. • The case of a 2D C-shaped cavity is analyzed for a wide range of parameters. • The case of a 3D door handle is simulated, and the results are visualized. • The results are helpful in gaining a better understanding of the molding process. In the present work, we focus on developing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for simulation of non-isothermal viscoelastic free surface flows with application to the injection molding process. Specifically, the viscoelastic fluid is governed by the eXtended Pom-Pom (XPP) constitutive equation. The temperature-dependent viscosity and relaxation time are modeled using the Arrhenius relation. The governing equations are discretized by an improved SPH scheme, as presented by Xu and Yu, Appl. Math. Model. 73 (2019) pp. 715–731. We first verify the validity of the SPH method by solving the isothermal/non-isothermal Poiseuille flow of an XPP fluid and comparing the SPH solutions with the analytical solutions or finite volume method solutions. Then, we extend the method to 2D non-isothermal viscoelastic injection molding process of a C-shaped cavity. Some relevant physical information such as temperature, pressure, velocity, flow-induced stresses during the molding process are displayed. The convergence of the method is examined with several different particle sizes. The effects of the Péclet number, Reynolds number, Weissenberg number, viscous ratio, and XPP parameters, on the evolutions of the temperature and flow-induced stresses are analyzed in details. Results for 3D non-isothermal viscoelastic injection molding process of a door handle are lastly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study set out to examine the valence effect on the explicit and implicit processing of Chinese emotion-label and emotion-laden words with emotional categorisation task (ECT) and emotional Stroop task (EST). Behaviourally, the dissociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words was only observed in the ECT and was modulated by valence. Neurophysiologically, a negative bias was found in the early perceptual processing stage (N170). In the second processing stage, the dissociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words was modulated by valence (P2 and EPN). In the elaborate processing stage, the neural dissociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words was modulated by the processing level (frontal N400 and early LPC). Valence interacted with processing level (late LPC). This study verifies the three-stage model of emotional word processing and extends it by adding two factors—processing level and emotional word type—into the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical performance of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) is investigated to be improved by coating with Co 3 O 4 via a facile and efficient preparation method. The transmission microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements show that the Co 3 O 4 layer is successfully coated on the surface of NCA cathode material. Notably, the 0.3 wt% Co 3 O 4 -coated NCA cathode material provides a high capacity retention of 95.2% at 1C between the potential from 2.7 to 4.3 V after 60 cycles, which is higher than the corresponding value of 86.1% for the bare NCA sample. In addition, Co 3 O 4 -modified NCA cathode material possesses high rate capability. It showed discharge specific capacity of 163 mAh g −1 at 5C rate, whereas the bare NCA sample only exhibits 141 mAh g −1 . The Co 3 O 4 coating layer can suppress the direct contacting and reaction between NCA and the electrolyte, thus enhancing the cycling stability of NCA. Moreover, Co 3 O 4 can react with residual Li 2 CO 3 /LiOH on the surface of NCA and decrease the charge-transfer resistance, which improve the rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety is a global challenge influenced by perceived patient safety culture. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the patient safety culture perceived by hospital clinical managers and its associated factors. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of patient safety culture and associated factors among clinical managers of tertiary hospitals in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 19 to July 16, 2021, involving 539 clinical managers from four tertiary hospitals in Changsha City of Hunan Province. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) was utilized to assess perceived patient safety culture. Bivariate, multivariable linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The mean score for the total HSOPSC was 72.5 ± 7.6, with dimensional scores ranging from 62.1 (14.9) to 86.6 (11.7). Three dimensions exhibited positive response rates (PRRs) < 50%, indicating areas that need to be improved: "nonpunitive response to errors" (40.5%), "staffing" (41.9%), and "frequency of events reported" (47.4%). Specialized hospitals (β = 1.744, P = 0.037), female gender (β = 2.496, P = 0.003), higher professional title (β = 1.413, P = 0.049), a higher education level (β = 1.316, P = 0.001), and shorter time delays per shift (β=-1.13, P < 0.001) were correlated with higher perceived patient safety culture. Education level, work department, "teamwork within a unit", "management support for patient safety", "communication openness", and "staffing" dimensions were associated with patient safety grades (all P < 0.05). Years worked in hospitals, occupation, education level, work department, hospital nature, professional title, "communication openness", and "handoffs & transitions" were associated with the number of adverse events reported (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study revealed a generally low level of patient safety culture perceived by clinical managers and identified priority areas requiring urgent improvement. The associated factors of patient safety culture provide important guidance for the development of targeted interventions in the future. Promoting patient safety by optimizing the patient safety culture perceived by clinical managers should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), is a serious cause of patient morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Neurosurgical hospitalized patients have higher rates of immobility and bed rest, thus increasing their risk of developing VTE. This highlights the need for their thromboprophylaxis regimens. Patients' awareness of VTE is essential for promoting strategies such as early ambulation and encouraging self-assessment and self-reporting of VTE signs and symptoms. This study evaluated neurosurgical hospitalized patients' awareness of VTE and explored the influencing factors to provide a theoretical basis for nursing intervention. Methods: We selected one tertiary level hospital in Hunan Province and randomly sampled eligible patients from each five neurosurgical units. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the hospitalized patients of neurosurgery using the self-designed and validated VTE knowledge questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: A total of 386 neurosurgical hospitalized patients completed the survey. The score of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients was 13.22 (SD = 11.52). 36.0% and 21.2% of participants reported they had heard of DVT and PE, respectively. 38.9% of participants were unable to correctly identify any symptoms of VTE. The most frequently identified risk factor was 'immobility or bed rest for more than three days' (50.0% of participants), and 38.1% of patients agreed that PE could cause death. 29.5% of participants were unable to identify any prophylactic measures of VTE. The results of Negative Binomial Regression showed that the influencing factors of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients were education level (P < 0.004) and sources of information related to VTE, including nurses (95% CI = 2.201–4.374, P < 0.001), and family member/friend (95% CI = 2.038–4.331, P < 0.001), Internet/TV (95% CI = 1.382–2.834, P < 0.001). Other sources included patient /pamphlet/poster /professional books (95% CI = 1.492–3.350, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the lack of awareness of VTE among neurosurgical hospitalized patients. More attention must be paid to carrying out training on VTE knowledge according to different characteristics of neurosurgical hospitalized patients, so as to ensure safe and high-quality patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to investigate the current situation of needlestick injuries (NSIs) of clinical nurses and identify associated factors by using the theoretical framework of the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). Design: A nationwide cross‐sectional survey was conducted. Methods: Multi‐stage sampling was used to investigate 3336 nurses in 14 Chinese hospitals. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to reveal the rate of NSIs and their associated factors. Results: A total of 970 nurses (29.1%) reported having experienced at least one NSI in the past year. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that good hospital safety climate and clinical nurses in intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department had protective effects against NSIs compared with nurses in internal medicine department. The nurse, senior nurse, and nurse in charge have significantly increased the risk for NSIs compared with the associate chief nurse or above. Patients with poor vision but wearing glasses and poor vision but not wearing glasses were more prone to have NSIs. Working in the operating room compared with internal medicine, average weekly working time of >45 h compared with ≤40 h and poor general health led to increased risk of NSIs. Conclusion: The rate of NSIs in clinical nurses was high in China. Individual factors including professional title, department, visual acuity and general mental health and organisational factors including weekly working hours and hospital safety atmosphere were significantly correlated with the occurrence of NSIs. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nursing managers should focused on physical and psychological conditions of clinical nurses, and organisational support is required to enhance the hospital safety atmosphere. No Patient or Public Contribution: Contributions from patients or the public are irrelevant because this study aims to explore current situation and factors associated with NSIs in clinical nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich manganese-based layered electrode materials are expected to be superior performance cathode materials for next-generation lithium ion batteries due to high capacity, low cost and environmentally benignity. However, the commercialization of such cathode materials is impeded by severe capacity fading and poor rate performance. To overcome these problems, Al 2 O 3 is coated on the Li 1.256 Ni 0.198 Co 0.082 Mn 0.689 O 2.25 , meanwhile, spinel-structure interface layer is formed between the Li 1.256 Ni 0.198 Co 0.082 Mn 0.689 O 2.25 and Al 2 O 3 coating. This modified cathode material has a significant improvement on rate performance with a discharge capacity of 189 mAhg −1 at current density of 1250 mAg −1 . In addition, it reveals a discharge capacity of 240 mAhg −1 at current densities of 250 mAg −1 and a retention of 95.2% after 60 cycles. The improved rate performance and cycling stability are benefited from the formation of spinel-structure interface layer and Al 2 O 3 coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon has been regarded as a promising alternative anode material for next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 3590 mAh g −1 (Li 3.75 Si formed at room temperature). In this work, nanoscale silicon has been synthesized via a simple and effective metathesis reaction in which SiCl 4 is the silicon source and Zn is the reductant and solvent, at a mild temperature of 500 °C. The preparation process is very simple, facile and low-cost. The as-prepared silicon particles are spherical with a diameter of 150–200 nm, and the delithiation capacity of the nanoscale silicon can reach 1747.7 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.2 A g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]