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Introduction - The aerial part Eupatorium lindleyanum is commonly used as an antipyretic and detoxicant clinically in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous research showed that germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were its main active constituents, so the development of rapid and accurate methods for the identification of the sesquiterpene lactones is of great significance. Objective - To develop an HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS method capable for simple and rapid analysis of germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in the aerial part E. lindleyanum. Methodology - High-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze germacrane sesquiterpene lactones of Eupatorium lindleyanum. The fragmentation behavior of germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in a Micromass Q/TOF Mass Spectrometer was discussed, and 9 germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were identified by comparison of their characteristic data of HPLC and MS analyses with those obtained from reference compounds. Results - The investigated germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were identified as eupalinolides C (1), 3β-acetoxy-8β-(4′-hydroxy-tigloyloxy)-14-hydroxy-costunolide (2), eupalinolides A (3), eupalinolides B (4), eupalinolides E (5), 3β-acetoxy-8β-(4′-oxo-tigloyloxy)-14-hydroxy-heliangolide (6), 3β-acetoxy-8β-(4′-oxo- tigloyloxy)-14-hydroxy-costunolide (7), hiyodorilactone B (8), and 3β-acetoxy-8β-(4′-hydroxy-tigloyloxy)- costunolide (9). Compounds 6, 7 and 9 were reported for the first time. Conclusion - HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS provides a new powerful approach to identify germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in E. lindleyanum rapidly and accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven triterpene saponins were isolated from Lysimachia christinae and identified as lysichriside A (1), lysichriside B (2), primulanin (3), lysikokianoside 1 (4), anagallisin C (5), ardisiacrispin A (6), and ardisicrenoside B (7). Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpene saponins, compounds 3, 5, and 7 were isolated from this genus, and compounds 4 and 6 were isolated from this species for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formalin test is a commonly used animal model of acute and tonic pain. However, the molecular targets of formaldehyde (FA, the main ingredient of the formalin solution) on primary nociceptor cells remain controversial. In this report, the effects of FA on electrophysiologically-identified primary nociceptor cells were evaluated in vitro and the roles of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in FA-produced activation of primary nociceptors were also examined at both cellular and behavioral levels. Of 92 acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells recorded by current patch-clamp technique, 34% were discharged by FA application with the mean onset latencies of the first action potential (AP) being (367.34+/-32.96) s. All the FA-sensitive cells were identified as nociceptor cells by their distinguishable features of AP including longer duration, existence of a hump (a shoulder or inflection) on the repolarizing phase, and longer after-hyperpolarization of APs. Co-application of capsazepine (CPZ), a competitive antagonist of TRPV1 receptors, could block FA-evoked firing with partial inhibition on the membrane depolarization of all cells tested. Of another 160 cells examined by confocal calcium imaging, 32% were shown to respond to FA with an intracellular Ca(2+) rise. Of 51 FA-sensitive cells, 67% were suppressed by CPZ, suggesting partial involvement of TRPV1 in mediation of the FA-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) rise. Under voltage-clamp mode, 41% of DRG cells were evoked to give rise to inward current with the remaining 59% being unchanged. In separate experiments on the other 56 FA-sensitive cells, concentration-dependent increase in the FA-evoked current amplitude was demonstrated. In comparison with controls, the FA-evoked inward current could be significantly suppressed by CPZ that was further enhanced by HC-030031, a TRPA1 selective antagonist. Finally, local effects of CPZ were confirmed in the formalin test and it was shown that the formalin-induced paw flinches were strongly suppressed by CPZ in phase 1 but with phase 2 being significantly suppressed only during 25-55 min. It is therefore concluded that FA can directly activate a subpopulation of primary nociceptor cells and the FA-induced AP discharges are likely to contribute mainly to phase 1, but not phase 2 of the formalin-induced nociception. The activation of primary nociceptor cells by FA is likely to be mediated, at least in part, through TRPV1 and/or TRPA1 receptors.

Objective: Study on the flavonoids from the air part of Eupatorium lindleyanum., Method: Alcohol percolation, silica gel column chromatography and re-crystallization et al., Result: Jaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin, trifolin and hypersoide were isolated from E. lindleyanum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence., Conclusion: Jaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin and trifolin were isolated from E. lindleyanum for the first time.