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In order to solve the problems of nutrient absorption and accumulation and provide theoretical basis for rational amount of calcium fertilization of peanut in saline land, the effects of calcium fertilizer application on absorption and accumulation of nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in peanut under salt stress were examined. Using 'Huayu 25' as experimental material, four Ca levels [T1(0), T2(75), T3(150) and T4(225) kg µ hm-2 CaO] were set under 0.3% salt stress in a pot experiment. The results showed that nutrient contents in peanut followed the order of nitrogen > potassium > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium. At the seedling stage, leaves were the absorption center of nitrogen and calcium, while stems were the center of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, with nearly half of nutrient accumulation being distributed in the corresponding growth center. At mature stage, the absorption centers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were transferred to pod. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in seed kernel reached to 72.3%-78.9%. The absorption centers of calcium and magnesium was still in the leaves and stems, with a distribution ratio of 49.8% and 32.6%, respectively. Salt stress significantly inhibited nutrient absorption and distribution in peanut, Especially decreased the nitrogen accumulation in leaves and seed kernels. However, salt stress increased the magnesium accumulation in pod. Exogenous calcium application had significant positive effect on absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in different organs of peanut under salt stress. It had significant adjustment on phosphorus accumulation in seed kernel, which was increased by more than 50%. Appropriate calcium content could significantly promote the peanut nutrient absorption and accumulation under salt stress and improve the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in mature pods of peanut. According to the responses of nutrient absorption and distribution, the optimized application amount for calcium fertilizer under 0.3% salt stress was 150 kg µ hm-2 CaO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlations between common genetic polymorphisms in the IFN- γ gene and susceptibility to breast cancer. The following electronic databases were searched without language restrictions: MEDLINE (1966 ~ 2013), the Cochrane Library Database (issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980 ~ 2013), CINAHL (1982 ~ 2013), Web of Science (1945 ~ 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982 ~ 2013). Meta-analysis was performed with the use of the STATA statistical software. Odds ratios (OR) with their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated. Nine clinical case-control studies met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 1,182 breast cancer patients and 1,525 healthy controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Three functional polymorphisms were assessed, including rs2069705 C>T, rs2430561 T>A, and CA repeats 2/X. Our meta-analysis results indicated that IFN- γ genetic polymorphisms might be significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (allele model: OR = 1.37, 95 % CI = 1.03 ~ 1.83, P = 0.031; dominant model: OR = 1.55, 95 % CI = 1.01 ~ 2.37, P = 0.046; homozygous model: OR = 2.23, 95 % CI = 1.30 ~ 3.82, P = 0.004; respectively), especially the rs2430561 T>A polymorphism. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the IFN- γ gene were closely correlated with increased breast cancer risk among Asians (allele model: OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 1.02 ~ 1.58, P = 0.017; dominant model: OR = 3.44, 95 % CI = 2.07 ~ 5.71, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.06 ~ 2.37, P = 0.025; homozygous model: OR = 1.83, 95 % CI = 1.19 ~ 2.80, P = 0.006; respectively), but not among Caucasians (all P > 0.05). Our meta-analysis supported the hypothesis that IFN- γ genetic polymorphisms may contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer, especially the rs2430561 T>A polymorphism among Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of nutrient absorption and accumulation and provide theoretical basis for rational amount of calcium fertilization of peanut in saline land, the effects of calcium fertilizer application on absorption and accumulation of nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in peanut under salt stress were examined. Using 'Huayu 25' as experimental material, four Ca levels [T 1 (0), T 2 (75), T 3 (150) and T 4 (225) kg·hm -2 CaO] were set under 0.3% salt stress in a pot experiment. The results showed that nutrient contents in peanut followed the order of nitrogen > potassium > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium. At the seedling stage, leaves were the absorption center of nitrogen and calcium, while stems were the center of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, with nearly half of nutrient accumulation being distributed in the corresponding growth center. At mature stage, the absorption centers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were transferred to pod. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in seed kernel reached to 72.3%-78.9%. The absorption centers of calcium and magnesium was still in the leaves and stems, with a distribution ratio of 49.8% and 32.6%, respectively. Salt stress significantly inhibited nutrient absorption and distribution in peanut, especially decreased the nitrogen accumulation in leaves and seed kernels. However, salt stress increased the magnesium accumulation in pod. Exogenous calcium application had significant positive effect on absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in different organs of peanut under salt stress. It had significant adjustment on phosphorus accumulation in seed kernel, which was increased by more than 50%. Appropriate calcium content could significantly promote the peanut nutrient absorption and accumulation under salt stress and improve the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in mature pods of peanut. According to the responses of nutrient absorption and distribution, the optimized application amount for calcium fertilizer under 0.3% salt stress was 150 kg·hm -2 CaO.

Objective: To study the optimal extraction process of chaihushugan powder by orthogonal design., Methods: RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of saikosaponin a, ferulic acid, hesperidin and paeoniflorin in chaihushugan powder. The contents of the components and the extraction yield were selected as assessment indices. Four factors were study by L9 (3(4)), including the alcohol concentration, amount of alcohol, duration of extraction and times of extraction., Results: The optimal extracting condition was 80% alcohol consumed as 10 times of crude herb amount, and extracting two times for 90 min each time., Conclusion: This study supplies theoretical base for the development of chaihushugan powder formulation.