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Within the evolving landscape of contemporary business, where sustainability and innovation intertwine, our study explores a strategic gap, presenting the rationale behind choosing green intellectual capital (GIC), absorptive capacity (AC), green innovation (GI), environmental regulations (ERs), and competitive advantage (CA) as main constructs. This model investigates the complex nature of the competitive landscape of SMEs within the vibrant manufacturing sector using the latest version of SmartPLS 4 for analyzing complex data. Drawing upon the theory of the natural resource-based view (NRBV), this study uncovers that GIC advances GI and AC, driving SMEs toward sustainable CA, particularly within the context of ER. These findings propose vital insights for SMEs looking to leverage their valuable resource, contributing to greening operations and reaching sustainable competitiveness while also contributing to theoretical developments in understanding resource-based perceptions on greening the manufacturing of SMEs. Findings reveal the significant impact of GIC on AC and GI and their subsequent impact on CA. Furthermore, ER uncovers the essential role in shaping the link between GIC and AC, thus enhancing SMEs’ capacity to achieve sustainable competitiveness. This study discloses how SMEs utilize GIC to identify ER and achieve CA and how the NRBV develops an understanding of SMEs utilizing their unique resource endowments to drive GI and achieve CA. This study examines the mediating role of AC and GI in this relationship.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of food additive theaflavins by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.MethodsAfter dissolved in water， the sample solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution in turn. A certain volume of ester phase was fixed with ethanol， and then it was quantified by spectrophotometry. The maximum absorption wavelength， sample quality， concentration of sodium bicarbonate solution and extraction time by sodium bicarbonate solution were researched.ResultsUnder the best conditions， four theaflavin monomers had good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges， and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999. The limit of quantitation was 3%， the standard recoveries were 95.2%-108.4%， and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%.ConclusionThis method has good repeatability， precision and stability， and is suitable for the determination of food additive theaflavin.

E-commerce is transforming business experiences for both sellers and buyers equally at a fast pace. This study investigates the complex relationship between green entrepreneurship, environmental strategy, digital transformation, and environmental knowledge within the Chinese e-commerce industry. The data were collected from 283 small and medium-sized enterprises indulged in online businesses within Jiangsu Province. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS (4.0). Findings show that green entrepreneurship significantly affects eco-efficient E-commerce. While digital transformation and environmental strategy positively and significantly to eco-efficient E-commerce both directly and through the mediation path from green entrepreneurship. Likewise, the findings revealed a positive and significant moderating role of environmental knowledge on the relationship between green entrepreneurship and eco-efficient E-commerce. Considering the pressure from domestic and global legislative bodies to maintain and report environmental sustainability activities by e-businesses, this study offers values theoretical and practical insights. Several theoretical and practical implications are explained in this study to add into the existing literature, assist e-businesses, policymakers, and future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital is a concept that describes good quality social relations that can lead to mutu­al benefits. The social capital theory thrives on relationships in networks to gain access to resources, especially information benefits not available to non-members of the network. The study reports the effects of social capital on firm performance. The study further examines the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship between social capital and firm performance; and the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the relationship between social capital and firm performance. Using SmartPLS software 3.2.8 to analyze primary data collected from 787 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Ghana, the results show that social capital has a positive and direct relationship with firm performance in Ghana. The findings suggest that EO moderates the relationship between social capital and firm performance. Again, dynamic capabilities mediate the relationship between social capital and firm performance. The study also provides managers with practical ways of building relationships within their networks for achieving competitive advantage in the current business environment. Keywords: Social capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Dynamic capabilities and firm performance JEL Classifications: L31, M1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8108

Cow milk is an important source of protein, but it is also a food that can cause allergies. In this research, a novel photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on CdWO4–CdS type-II heterojunction was constructed for the detection of allergen α -lactalbumin (α -Lac) in milk. CdWO4–CdS heterojunction was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. Compared with pure CdWO4, the CdWO4–CdS heterojunction significantly improved the photocurrent intensity. The polydopamine (PDA) was used as a crosslinking agent to couple basis materials and biomolecules. Ascorbic acid was used as an efficient electron donor to eliminate the photo-generated holes and inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the photocurrent intensity reduced linearly with the logarithm of α -Lac concentration ranging from 0.001 ng ⋅ mL − 1 to 10 ng ⋅ mL − 1 and the limit of detection was 0.17 pg ⋅ mL − 1 . The constructed photoelectrochemical immunosensor exhibited excellent stability, selectivity and reproducibility, which provided a novel ideal for sensitive detection of α -Lac and shed light on monitoring of other allergenic proteins in foods. In this research, the CdWO4–CdS heterojunction was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. Under CdS sensitization, CdWO4–CdS exhibited excellent visible light performance. On this basis, using polydopamine as a cross-linking agent to couple the substrate material and biomolecules, a new type of photoelectrochemical immunosensor was constructed, which provided a new method for the detection of α-lactalbumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]