Search

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

Objective To study the drug resistance phenotype, drug resistance gene, and virulence gene of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in patients with failed eradication therapy, and to provide reference for remedial therapy. Methods Hp was isolated and cultured from gastric mucosa of patients with failed eradication therapy. Drug sensitivity test was used to detect the resistance of isolated strains to Metronidazole (MTZ), Clarithromycin (CLA), Levofloxacin (LEV), Amoxicillin (AMX), Tetracycline (TET), and Furazolidone (FZ). CLA and LEV resistance genes 23S rRNA, gyrA and virulence genes cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA were amplified by PCR, to further explore the relationship between drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance and virulence genes. Results In total 40 strains of Hp were isolated from 58 patients (69.0%). The resistance rates to MTZ, CLA, LEV, AMX, TET, and FZ were 100.0%, 82.5%, 72.5%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The most common mutations of 23S rRNA and gyrA genes were T2182C (78.6%) and N87K (32.0%), respectively, and new C2165T and A2219G mutations were found in CLA resistant strains. In addition, the positive rates of virulence genes cagA, vac A si, vacA s2, vacA ml, vacA m2, tceAl, tceA2, and oipA were 97.1%, 100.0%, 0%, 42.9%, 57.1%, 62.9%, 11.4%, and 68.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The resistance of Hp isolates to MTZ, CLA and LEV in patients with failed eradication therapy in this area is serious, and AMX, TET and FZ are recommended for remedial therapy. The relationship between CLA resistance and C2165T and A2219G mutation and LEV resistance and vacA m2 warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of cervical central lymph-node metastasis (CLNM) is high in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). There is considerable controversy surrounding the benefits of prophylactic central lymph-node dissection (pCLND) in patients with clinically negative central compartment lymph nodes (cN0). Therefore, it is crucial to accurately predict the likelihood of cervical CLNM before surgery to make informed surgical decisions. Methods: Date from 214 PTC patients (cN0) who underwent partial or total thyroidectomy and pCLND at the Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups in accordance with cervical CLNM or not. Their information, including clinical characteristics, ultrasound (US) features, pathological results of fine-needle aspirations biopsy (FNAB), and other characteristics of the groups, was analyzed and compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 214 patients were eligible in this study. Among them, 43.5% (93/214) of PTC patients had cervical CLNM, and 56.5% (121/214) did not. The two groups were compared using a univariate analyses, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in aspect ratio, boundary, morphology, component, and BRAFV600E (P > 0.05), and there were significant differences between gender, age, maximum tumor size, tumor location, capsule contact, microcalcifications, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (P < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to further clarify the correlation of these indices. However, only age (OR = 2.455, P = 0.009), maximum tumor size (OR = 2.586, P = 0.010), capsule contact (OR = 3.208, P = 0.001), and CDFI (OR = 2.225, P = 0.022) were independent predictors of cervical CLNM. Combining these four factors, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the joint diagnosis is 0.8160 (95% 0.7596–0.8725). Univariate analysis indicated that capsule contact (P = 0.001) was a possible predictive factor of BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusions: In conclusion, four independent predictors of cervical CLNM, including age < 45 years, tumor size > 1.0 cm, capsule contact, and rich blood flow, were screened out. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of these risk factors should be conducted when designing individualized treatment regimens for PTC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes: Routine smears of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of supraclavicular lymph nodes with ultrasound (US) real-time guidance have proven useful in lung cancer staging, but the clinical value of additional information from cell-block of FNA samples has been little researched. This study mainly focused on the contribution of cell block analysis to the diagnosis and staging in lung cancer.Materials and Methods: Clinical data about 211 lung cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph node enlargement admitted to ultrasonography in the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and recommended a needle biopsy under US-guided, the adequacy of the specimens for preparing cell blocks was acquireded, and the additional immunohistochemistry or genetic information provided from cell block analysis was examined.Results: In 211 lung cancer patients referred for US-guided FNA (median age 61.8 ± 10.0 years, range 30-88) 279 aspirations were performed. Conventional smears could be obtained from 185 aspirates (66.3%) and contained 176 (95.1%) diagnostic smears. Cell blocks could be obtained from 94 aspirates (33.7%) and contained diagnostic material in 88 (93.6%) aspirates. Above all, cell blocks also made epithelial growth factor receptor gene mutation analysis in 17 patients with FNA samples, and the positive rate was 70.6%. Overall, cell blocks provided clinically significant information for 51 of the 211 patients participating in the study (24.2%).Conclusion: Cell-block samples from US-guided FNA is a promising, relatively noninvasive technique to provide additional information in lung cancer diagnosis. Analysis of cell blocks allows for genetic analysis of the patients with supraclavicular lymph nodes metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that both hand grip strength (HGS) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with liver cancer. In spite of this, no relevant studies have been conducted to determine whether the combination of HGS and mGPS can predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Accordingly, this study sought to explore this possibility., Methods: This was a multicenter study of patients with liver cancer. Based on the optimal HGS cutoff value for each sex, we determined the HGS cutoff values. The patients were divided into high and low HGS groups based on their HGS scores. An mGPS of 0 was defined as low mGPS, whereas scores higher than 0 were defined as high mGPS. The patients were combined into HGS-mGPS groups for the prediction of survival. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. A Cox regression model was designed and adjusted for confounders. To evaluate the nomogram model, receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves were used., Results: A total of 504 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 386 (76.6%) were men (mean [SD] age, 56.63 [12.06] years). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with low HGS and high mGPS had a higher risk of death than those with neither low HGS nor high mGPS (hazard ratio [HR],1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.14-1.98; p  = 0.001 and HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.14-2.12, p  = 0.001 respectively). Patients with both low HGS and high mGPS had 2.35-fold increased risk of death (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.52-3.63; p  < 0.001). The area under the curve of HGS-mGPS was 0.623. The calibration curve demonstrated the validity of the HGS-mGPS nomogram model for predicting the survival of patients with liver cancer., Conclusion: A combination of low HGS and high mGPS is associated with poor prognosis in patients with liver cancer. The combination of HGS and mGPS can predict the prognosis of liver cancer more accurately than HGS or mGPS alone. The nomogram model developed in this study can effectively predict the survival outcomes of liver cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chen, Ruan, Shi, Liu, Liu, Xie, Song, Wang, Hu, Zhang, Zhang, Tian, Ge, Yang, Liu, Lin, Liu, Zheng, Wang, Cong, Shen, Wang, Deng and Shi.)