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Objectives/Interrogation: To introduce the hand deformity of congenital upper limb muscular hypertrophy and the treatment strategy. Methods: From May 1992 to October 2012, 13 cases of congenital upper limb muscular hypertrophy were diagnosed by clinical characteristics, operative exploration[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)

In this work, we developed a polyaniline (PANI)-coated selenium/carbon nanocomposite encapsulated in graphene sheets (PANI@Se/C-G), with excellent performance in Li-Se batteries. The PANI@Se/C-G nanostructure presents attractive properties as cathode of Li-Se batteries, with a high specific capacity of 588.7 mAh·g–1 at a 0.2C (1C = 675 mA·g−1) rate after 200 cycles. Even at a high rate of 2C, a high capacity of 528.6 mAh·g–1 is obtained after 500 cycles. The excellent cycle stability and rate performance of the PANI@Se/C-G composite can be attributed to the synergistic combination of carbon black (as the conductive matrix for Se) and the double conductive layer comprising the uniform PANI shell and the graphene sheets, which effectively improves the utilization of selenium and significantly enhances the electronic conductivity of the whole electrode.

The cathode serves as a key component in a lithium ion secondary battery, and its property significantly affects the battery performance. Thus, numerous researches have been carried out to develop both synthesis processes and modification methods of cathodes. Among different commonly used strategies for improving battery electrochemical performance, the cathode surface coating is an extremely useful and widely used one. However, the intrinsic mechanism of cathode coating is not completely clear, and thus a more comprehensive study is urgently needed. To meet this goal, in this review, we summarize the recent advances in the coating materials and technologies as well as the corresponding mechanisms for cathodes. Firstly, the characteristics of physicochemical properties for various common coating materials and their effects on the electrochemical performances of cathodes are introduced. Secondly, the effects of coating methods on cathode properties are discussed. Thirdly, the research status and recent progresses of cathodes with different crystal structures are reviewed respectively. The studies indicate that the structural characteristics of the cathode material play a very important role when selecting the coating material and the coating technology which should be carefully considered. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions to cathode surface coating are also suggested.

A series of Co x Mn3−x sulfides (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3) were prepared by a facile one-step solvent thermal route. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Co–Mn sulfide can be tuned successfully by varying different Co/Mn ratios. As the Co/Mn ratio increases, the electrochemical performance is improved, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between Co ions and Mn ions. Co2.5Mn0.5 sulfide exhibits the highest specific capacity (289 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1), together with great rate capability (54.6% retention when current density increases from 1 to 50 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (95.1% of initial value can be retained after 2000 cycles). Moreover, an asymmetric device using Co2.5Mn0.5 sulfide as positive electrode, and RGO nanosheets as negative electrode shows high energy density of 22.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1, as well as excellent cycling performance with 85% retention after 5000 cycles.

Hollow NiSe−CoSe samples have been synthesized for the first time via a one-pot solvothermal approach. The strategy is robust enough to synthesize NiSe–CoSe nanoparticles with different NiSe to CoSe ratios but with a similar hollow structure. Co ions in the NiSe–CoSe nanoparticles play decisive role for formation of the hollow structure; otherwise, the nanoparticles become solid for the NiSe sample. When used as the positive electroactive materials for energy storage, the NiSe–CoSe samples show excellent electrochemical activity in alkaline electrolyte. Using the synergistic effect between NiSe and CoSe, the electrochemical performance of NiSe–CoSe can be tuned by varying the NiSe to CoSe ratios. The NiSe–CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of superior specific capacity, improved rate capability and excellent cycling stability. In addition, the electrochemical performance of NiSe–CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 is also evaluated via assembling hybrid supercapacitors with RGO, and the hybrid supercapacitor delivers both high power and energy densities (41.8 Wh kg −1 at 750 W kg −1 and 20.3 Wh kg −1 at 30 kW kg −1 ).

In this work, Al, Si and Ti oxides are used to modify the surface of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) electrode through the hydrolysis coating technology. SEM and TEM results revealed that three prepared oxide layers have different uniformity and morphology. Also, charge-discharge results showed different initial discharge capacity and cycle ability of three different oxide coatings. It is shown that when the temperature is increased from 25 to 50 °C, the capacity retention of Al 2 O 3 -coated NCM622 is reduced by only 4 %, what demonstrated the best ability of this oxide to restrain cycle deterioration. Additionally, when the charge cutoff voltage is increased to 4.6 V, Al 2 O 3 -coated NCM622 showed 74 % of capacity retention. As the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the dissolution of some transition metal ions may be restrained by Al 2 O 3 layer. Generally, the enhanced electrochemical performance of Al 2 O 3 -coated NCM622 could be ascribed to the suppression of mutual reaction between electrode and electrolyte and improvement of structural stability of the material by Al 2 O 3 coating.

In this study, a dual-shell hollow polyaniline/sulfur-core/polyaniline (hPANI/S/PANI) composite was prepared by successively depositing PANI, S, and PANI on the surface of a template silicon sphere. The electrochemical properties of this composite were evaluated using a lithium plate as an anode in lithium/sulfur cells. The hPANI/S/PANI composite showed a discharge capacity of 572.2 mAh g−1 after 214 cycles at 0.1 C, and the Coulombic efficiency was above 87% in the whole charge/discharge cycle. The improved cycle property of the hPANI/S/PANI composite can be ascribed to the fine sulfur particles homogeneously deposited on the PANI surface and sprawled inside the two PANI layers during the charge/discharge cycle. This behavior stabilized the nanostructure of sulfur and enhanced its conductivity.

Nickel cobalt (Ni–Co) molybdates with different stoichiometric nickel and cobalt ratios have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal method is robust enough to synthesis of Ni–Co molybdates with same crystal structure and similar nanorods morphology at different ratios of Ni and Co. The electrochemical performance of Ni–Co molybdates is measured as positive electroactive material in a three-electrode configuration, which demonstrates typical faradaic redox behaviors of Ni–Co molybdates that consistent with battery-type materials. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni and Co ions, the electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity, rate capability and cycling stability can be readily tuned by varying the Ni and Co content. In particular, the Ni0.67Co0.33MoO4 demonstrates the highest specific capacity of 441C g−1 at 1 A g−1, superior rate capability of 71% capacity retention after 50 times increase in current density. In addition, the Ni0.67Co0.33MoO4 is used to assemble hybrid supercapacitors with reduced graphene oxide, which shows high specific capacity (119C g−1 at 1 A g−1), high specific energy (25.6 Wh kg−1 at 775 W kg−1) and high specific power (7750 W kg−1 at 13.2 Wh kg−1).

In this work, two different Al precursors are used to modify the surface of LiCoO2 particles with Al2O3 layer, and the corresponding structural and electrochemical properties of as-prepared Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 are examined. The SEM, TEM and charge-discharge cycling results suggest that the method using aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) as Al precursor can obtain more uniform Al2O3 coating layer and more excellent electrochemical performance. The ICP results reveal that the cobalt dissolution ability is different for coated LiCoO2 prepared by two Al precursors when the charge cutoff voltage is different, and when charge cutoff voltage further increasing to 4.6 V, the dominant factor of cycling decay transform from cobalt dissolution to structural collapse caused by the excessive of Li+ delithiation. Besides, EIS analysis indicates that two kinds of Al2O3 coating layer lead to different polarization impedance, and the growth of polarization impedance during charging/discharging can be effectively suppressed by Al2O3 coating, and thus the electrochemical performance of the coated samples is greatly enhanced.

The key to successful treatment of perilunate injuries is to achieve early anatomic reduction and maintain the carpal alignment. Open surgery may lead to capsular scarring and joint stiffness. Furthermore, there is increased chance of damage of the already tenuous blood supply to scaphoid and the torn ligaments. Recently, arthroscopic-assisted management of perilunate injuries has been suggested. This article describes the surgical technique and outcome of this minimally invasive approach for perilunate injuries.

LiMn2O4-graphene nanocomposites with different weight ratios of LiMn2O4/graphene were successfully prepared via a simple method by ball-milling of commercially available LiMn2O4 particles and graphene nanosheets. Experimental results revealed that the spinel LiMn2O4 particles within the as-prepared LiMn2O4-graphene nanocomposites were well distributed onto the flexible graphene sheets, and the nano-composites with a higher graphene content were favorable to form more uniform composite materials. Compared to the pristine spinel LiMn2O4 particles, the as-prepared LiMn2O4-graphene nanocomposites exhibited lower initial discharge capacities owing to the reduced amount of active materials (LiMn2O4 particles) in the nanocomposites. However, their electrochemical cycling performance was significantly enhanced, high-lighting the advantages of anchoring LiMn2O4 particles on graphene sheets. The enhanced cycling performance could be ascribed to the fact that the graphene nanosheets within the LiMn2O4-graphene nanocomposites could provide a 3D conducting scaffold, which could not only alleviate the aggregation of LiMn2O4 particles and accommodate the volume changes of LiMn2O4 particles, but also enhance the ionic conductivity and charge transfer during the lithiation/delifhiation process.

For the first time, bimetallic Ni–Co selenides with different Ni and Co ratios have been synthesized and used as electrode materials for high-power energy storage. Owing to the synergistic effect between Ni and Co, bimetallic Ni–Co selenides, especially for Ni0.67Co0.33Se, show higher specific capacity and improved rate capability combined with excellent cycling stability than the monometallic Ni or Co selenide.

Porous TiO2 nanowire microspheres with greatly decreasing agglomeration were successfully prepared by spray drying of hydrothermal reaction suspension, followed by calcination at 350°C. The as-obtained nanowire microspheres with TiO2-B structure reach an initial discharge capacity 210 mAh g−1 with an irreversible capacity 25 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. For the 450°C-calcined one with anatase TiO2 crystal structure, the initial discharge capacity is 245 mAh g−1 but with a much higher irreversible capacity of 80 mAh g−1. The hierarchical porous structure in the 350°C-calcined TiO2 nanowire microspheres collapsed at 450°C, annihilating the main benefit of nanostructuring. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:170–175, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.