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Researchers at the University of Mosul conducted a study on the interplay between growth hormone and thyroid hormones in hypo- and hyperthyroid conditions in male rats. The study involved different groups of rats receiving various hormone treatments to observe physiological impacts and genetic effects. Results showed significant differences in thyroid stimulating hormone, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxin, Reverse Triiodothyronine, and other hormone levels across the groups. The research emphasized the interconnectedness of hormonal systems and the importance of a comprehensive endocrine approach. For more information, the full study can be accessed in the Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Alexandria University in Egypt explored the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and keratoconus, a corneal disease. The study involved 200 patients with thyroid dysfunction and found that there were more topographic changes in favor of a thin and steep cornea, rather than true keratoconus, in these patients. The researchers emphasized the importance of cautious analysis of corneal topography, especially before refractive surgery. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and patients with thyroid dysfunction who may be considering eye surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for a method of producing retinal tissues. The patent, assigned to Riken, was filed by inventors from Japan and published online in September 2024. The method aims to create retinal tissues suitable for transplantation by efficiently forming synapses between bipolar cells and photoreceptors. The method involves differentiating pluripotent stem cells into retinal tissues and culturing them in specific mediums containing thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonists. The patent also discusses the suppression of differentiation of certain retinal cells and the characteristics of matured neural retinal tissues. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Normal University in Beijing, China, explored the effects of melatonin and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on the development of rat granulosa cells. The study found that melatonin, an endocrine neurotransmitter, promotes ovarian development and has a protective effect as an antioxidant. Additionally, T3 was shown to regulate the development of ovarian granulosa cells. The study concluded that melatonin, alone or in combination with T3, positively affects the development of granulosa cells and involves the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses the potential benefits of a dual intervention using the hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and the natural chemical baicalein in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications in aged mice. CKD is a global health challenge that is worsened by the presence of hypothyroidism. The study found that the combination of T3 and baicalein treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of the protective protein Klotho, which mitigated renal fibrosis and improved CKD-induced complications. This bidirectional approach shows promise for CKD management, particularly in elderly patients with hypothyroidism. However, it is important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Sannio in Italy explores the effects of two thyroid hormones, 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), on mitochondrial damage and inflammation in the livers of hypothyroid rats. The study found that both hormones were effective in restoring oxidative balance, preventing mitochondrial DNA damage, and promoting autophagy. Additionally, 3,5-T2 was found to be more effective than T3 in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulating the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These findings provide insight into potential treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases associated with hypothyroidism. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zhejiang University School of Medicine examined the prevalence and related endocrine clinical factors of psychotic symptoms in Chinese adolescent patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study found that 22.6% of the patients with MDD experienced psychotic symptoms. The researchers also discovered that elevated levels of prolactin (PRL) and thyroxine (FT4) were associated with psychotic symptoms in patients with MDD. These findings suggest that PRL and thyroid hormones should be given more attention in the treatment of MDD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, explores the role of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The study found that DAO expression was downregulated in the lungs of IPF patients and mice with induced lung fibrosis. Treatment with D-serine or inhibition of DAO promoted cell senescence through the p53/p21 pathway. The researchers concluded that the DAO-p53/p21 axis may be a key anti-fibrotic pathway in regulating the progression of fibrosis and the therapeutic role of triiodothyronine (T3). [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tianjin Medical University in China have discovered that lignin, a natural substance found in plants, can be used as a carrier for the hormone triiodothyronine (T3) to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. By co-self-assembling lignin and T3, composite particles called L-T3 can be created and delivered locally to adipose tissue. In experiments with mice, the local delivery of L-T3 reduced adipocyte size, increased expression of uncoupling protein (UCP-1), and decreased body and adipose tissue weights. The researchers concluded that this method of local delivery shows promise in protecting against obesity and related metabolic disorders. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Florida-Jacksonville has provided important insights into the management of patients with overlapping thyroid and renal disease. The study found that patients with euthyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Untreated subclinical and primary hypothyroidism in CKD patients can lead to reversible progression of renal failure, while untreated hyperthyroidism can increase the glomerular filtration rate. The study also highlighted the need for further research on optimal dosing and timing of radioiodine therapy for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and thyroid cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Van Yuzuncu Yil University investigated the toxic effects of bisphenol S (BPS) on the thyroid glands of male Wistar albino rats. The rats were given different doses of BPS for 28 days, and the results showed that BPS caused histopathological changes in the thyroid tissue. The study also found that BPS led to increased cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as biochemical changes including decreased levels of serum free triiodothyronine and increased oxidative stress. These findings suggest that BPS has the potential to disrupt thyroid function. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in China examined the association between vitamin A levels, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and subclinical hypothyroidism. The study found that in individuals with sufficient vitamin A levels, an increase in AIP was associated with elevated total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels. However, in individuals with severe vitamin A deficiency, higher AIP levels were linked to increased free triiodothyronine (fT3) and TT3 levels, as well as decreased free thyroxine (fT4) levels. The study also found that severe vitamin A deficiency increased the risk of the association between AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism, particularly among women and older adults. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents new findings on thyroid drug efficacy from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, focusing on the effectiveness of levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy in pediatric patients after total thyroidectomy. Topics discussed include the variation in triiodothyronine (T3) levels, the comparison of T3 and T4 levels pre- and post-surgery, and the need for further studies to assess the clinical implications of altered T3 levels.

A report from researchers at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine discusses the relationship between total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and the severity of emergency inpatients. The study found that T3 levels were the most sensitive indicator for non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in emergency patients, followed by free T3 (FT3). The research also revealed that the decrease in T3 levels had a good predictive value for mortality risk, suggesting that thyroid function should be monitored in critically ill patients. The study was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Project of National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University explores the relationship between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and osteoarthritis (OA). The study utilized the two-sample mendelian randomization method to investigate the causal links between hyperthyroidism and OA. The researchers found a positive association between hyperthyroidism and OA, suggesting that hyperthyroidism may contribute to the progression of OA. Additionally, the study identified specific genes, such as MAFB, C1QTNF1, COL3A1, and ANGPTL2, that are upregulated by triiodothyronine (T3) and may serve as potential diagnostic markers for OA. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06500663, that aims to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in haemodialysis patients and study the association of thyroid hormone concentration with their health status. The study also aims to examine the effects of frequent haemodialysis on thyroid function. The research is important because thyroid abnormalities can significantly impact the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study will take place in Upper Egypt and is expected to contribute to the understanding and management of thyroid dysfunction in this population. The study is being conducted by Assiut University. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Guizhou Medical University in China analyzed the effect of iodine 131 combined with levothyroxine sodium tablet on postoperative thyroid papillary carcinoma. The study collected clinical data from 113 patients who underwent total resection for thyroid papillary carcinoma. The results showed that the combined treatment strategy improved thyroid hormones and antibody levels, leading to a higher removal rate of residual thyroid tissue. The study concluded that the combined treatment was effective and safe. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University explores the association between maternal age and neonatal free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels. The study, which included 203 healthy women with term singleton pregnancies, found that there were no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels between male and female births. However, the study did find an inverse association between maternal age and cord blood levels of fT3 in euthyroid pregnant women, suggesting that maternal aging may impact offspring thyroid function. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University Hospital Center Rijeka in Croatia explored the relationship between thyroid function and kidney graft function in kidney transplant recipients. The study found that thyroid disorders are more common in kidney transplant recipients and are associated with poorer outcomes. The researchers observed increased levels of thyroid hormones after transplantation, and a correlation was found between initial thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and kidney function. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between thyroid function and kidney transplantation. [Extracted from the article]

A researcher from Berlin has reported on findings in hormones, specifically related to immunoassays used for laboratory assessment of thyroid hormones. The research discusses a case of a 44-year-old male patient who presented with discrepant results across immunoassays and platforms of different manufacturers. The diagnosis of macro-thyroid-stimulating hormone and manufacturer-specific interference in thyroid hormone measurements was made, highlighting the potential for misleading results and the need for close communication between clinicians and laboratory specialists. This case appears to be unique, as no other documented case of both macro-thyroid-stimulating hormone and manufacturer-specific interference in a single patient has been found. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Ulster University in the United Kingdom investigated the impact of short-term low energy availability (LEA) on vascular function in young, regularly menstruating women. The study found that LEA led to a decrease in triiodothyronine, resting energy expenditure (REE), and body mass. Changes in resting forearm blood flow were significantly correlated with changes in REE in the LEA condition. The findings highlight the importance of managing energy availability in populations at risk of LEA. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Nanjing University explored the correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study involved 415 females with PCOS and 137 non-PCOS individuals as the control group. The results showed that females with PCOS had higher levels of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices compared to the control group. The study concluded that a reduction in the sensitivity of central thyroid hormone is closely correlated with a higher risk of PCOS. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Federal University Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil have conducted a study on the vascular response of triiodothyronine (T3) on isolated aortic rings. The study aimed to explore the effects of T3 on the aortas and whether there is an involvement of vascular redox mechanisms. The results showed that T3 promoted vasorelaxation of the aortic rings and exhibited antioxidant properties by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing SOD activity. The researchers concluded that T3 plays a role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has both dependent and independent endothelium vasodilation effects. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran have developed a novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of thyroglobulin (Tg) to assess the success of thyroid cancer treatment. The biosensor was created by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with chitin-ionic liquid (Ch-IL) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting Tg in human serum samples, even in the presence of interfering substances. The researchers concluded that this biosensor could be a valuable tool for medical diagnostics. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in Ukraine explores the molecular basis of neurorehabilitation and the role of thyroid hormones in this process. Neurological disorders can significantly impact quality of life, and neurorehabilitation aims to restore nervous system function after injuries or impairments. The study highlights the importance of thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxine and triiodothyronine, in influencing gene expression, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, all of which are crucial for rehabilitation after nervous system injuries. Understanding the molecular fundamentals of neurorehabilitation and the influence of thyroid hormones can lead to improved approaches in rehabilitating patients with various nervous system impairments. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University explores the use of dual blocker therapy (DBT) in cancer treatment. The study investigates the longitudinal plasma proteome profiling of 22 patients who received anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 DBT therapy. The results indicate that the immune response and cholesterol metabolism are upregulated after the first DBT cycle, particularly in the disease non-progressive group (DNP). The study also identifies potential biomarkers, such as prealbumin (PA), free triiodothyronine (FT3), triiodothyronine (T3), and APOC3, that can reflect the response to DBT. A machine learning model is developed to predict DBT response with high accuracy. This research provides valuable insights into the alteration of cholesterol metabolism and the identification of biomarkers in DBT. [Extracted from the article]

A research report from Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine explores the impact of chronic stress on the endocrine system, specifically focusing on the development of hypothyroidism. The study highlights the connection between chronic stress and various pathological conditions, including disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, the thyroid gland, reproductive system, depressive disorders, and electrolyte imbalances. The research emphasizes the significant decrease in quality of life, increased complications, and higher mortality rates associated with these pathologies. The study also discusses the role of glucocorticoids and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in stress-induced reactions and the development of hypothyroidism. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Bengbu Medical College in China have conducted a study on the incidence rate and related factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome. The study analyzed 185 T2DM patients and divided them into three groups based on urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). The results showed that as the ACR level increased, plasma T3 and free T3 (FT3) levels decreased, and the incidence of low T3 syndrome increased. The study concluded that early detection of thyroid hormone levels can aid in the early diagnosis and evaluation of T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health examined the association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thyroid function biomarkers in females attending a fertility clinic. The study included 287 females seeking medically assisted reproduction between 2005 and 2019. The findings revealed that PFAS exposure was associated with lower concentrations of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and higher ratios of free thyroxine (FT4) to free triiodothyronine (FT3) among this vulnerable population. The study highlights the potential thyroid-disrupting effects of long alkyl-chain PFAS in subfertile females. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Washington provides new data on the use of triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found that T3 supplementation did not significantly improve time to extubation (TTE) overall, but there was a numerical improvement in TTE for T3-treated patients aged 1-5 months. The study also found that T3 supplementation had a significant effect on ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS in Indonesia, but not in the United States. The researchers suggest that differences in effects between settings may be related to baseline thyroid function and malnutrition. Overall, T3 supplementation is considered simple, inexpensive, and safe, and may be beneficial in resource-limited settings. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital examined the relationship between low serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and mortality in patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The study included 495 patients, with 77.4% of them having a low FT3 level. The results showed that patients with low FT3 levels had higher mortality rates at 28 and 90 days after hospital admission. The researchers concluded that monitoring serum FT3 levels in these patients could help manage their disease. This information is available in the journal article "Correlation between a low serum free triiodothyronine level and mortality of severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients" published in BMC Infectious Diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Stanford University explored the relationship between early indicators of Euthyroid Sick Syndrome (ESS) and post-bariatric weight loss. ESS is a response to periods of stress and is characterized by specific thyroid hormone markers. The study found that a decrease in the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to reverse 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) during the early post-surgical period predicted reduced weight loss at 1- and 2-year follow-up visits. The researchers suggest that monitoring this ratio could help identify patients at risk for suboptimal weight loss and guide therapeutic interventions. Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala, India, focused on the potential use of an endophytic fungus called Penicillium ramusculum SVWS3 in breast cancer therapeutics. The researchers isolated the fungus from the roots of Withania somnifera and confirmed its identity through morphological and molecular sequencing. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated the fungus's ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and chemotaxonomic profiling revealed its synthesis of various bioactive compounds. Molecular docking studies suggested that several of these compounds could effectively interact with breast cancer target receptors. The researchers concluded that P. ramusculum SVWS3 could be a valuable source for developing novel chemotherapeutic drug formulations. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Methods And Systems For Detecting And Quantifying Large Number Of Molecule Biomarkers From A Body Fluid Sample" has been published online. The patent application describes methods and systems for detecting and quantifying a large number of analytes, including biomolecules and proteins, in body fluid samples. The current techniques have limitations in the number of analytes that can be detected and quantified, but the invention proposes a method that uses endogenous divider analytes to separate the detection into consecutive sub-detections. This breakthrough method allows for the sequential detection of a large number of analytes in a body fluid sample. The patent application also includes details about the system for implementing this method. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome, Italy, has found a relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study evaluated the activity of extra-cellular superoxide dismutase (ec-SOD), an enzyme that plays a protective role in endothelial cells, in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. The results showed that ec-SOD activity was significantly higher in patients treated for a longer period compared to those treated for a shorter period. Additionally, patients with low levels of the thyroid hormone fT3 had lower ec-SOD values, suggesting that low fT3 concentrations may contribute to endothelial oxidative damage in CKD patients. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Pennsylvania State University discusses research findings on anovulation, a condition characterized by menstrual disturbances. The study examines the theory that disruptions to the reproductive axis and menstrual disturbances occur below a proposed energy availability (EA) threshold of 30 kcal/kg LBM/d. Short-term laboratory studies showed that an EA below this threshold decreased serum triiodothyronine and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency in sedentary, menstruating women. Long-term studies also demonstrated the effects of low EA on menstrual function. However, the study concludes that the proposed EA threshold is not a cut-off for menstrual disturbances, but rather represents an increased risk of experiencing them. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Methods And Formulations For Gene Therapy, And For Combining Gene Therapy With Ditpa Treatment, Of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome" has been published online. Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (ARDS) is an X-linked recessive developmental disorder that causes intellectual disability and movement issues in males. The syndrome is caused by a mutant SLC16A2 gene, resulting in a malformed monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) protein. Symptoms of ARDS are caused by a lack of cellular uptake of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), which is normally transported across the cell membrane by MCT8. The patent application proposes a combined gene therapy and DITPA treatment to correct both neuropsychomotor and metabolic defects associated with ARDS. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Henan Province People's Hospital in Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China, focused on Takayasu's Arteritis, a chronic vasculitis that affects the aorta and its major branches. The researchers found that Takayasu's Arteritis can be associated with secondary hypertension caused by renovascular disease and hyperthyroidism. The study presented a case of an 18-year-old female with Takayasu's Arteritis and hyperthyroidism, who experienced symptoms such as fatigue and palpitations. The researchers emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for better prognosis. Further research is needed to explore the potential correlation between Takayasu's Arteritis and hyperthyroidism. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Medical University of Vienna found that lower levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) in patients with cirrhosis are associated with systemic inflammation, an increased risk of acute-on-chronic liver failure, and higher mortality rates. The study analyzed the pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and found that fT3 levels decreased as the severity of ACLD increased. The researchers also observed a correlation between fT3 levels and C-reactive protein, indicating a link between thyroid dysbalance and systemic inflammation. The findings suggest the development of a non-thyroidal illness syndrome in association with ACLD severity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Peking University People's Hospital in Beijing, China, explored the effects of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy on patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study involved a retrospective analysis of 29 SLE patients with AITD, with 11 patients receiving IL-2 therapy and 18 patients serving as the control group. The results showed that IL-2 therapy led to a significant decrease in thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels, as well as an increase in the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) cells to follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. These findings suggest that low-dose IL-2 may be a potential avenue for the clinical treatment of AITD. [Extracted from the article]

A cohort study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital in Ningbo, China, aimed to investigate the effects of roxadustat and erythropoietin on thyroid function in patients with renal anemia. The study involved 110 patients, with 60 in the erythropoietin group and 50 in the roxadustat group. The results showed that after treatment, the roxadustat group had significantly lower levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) compared to the erythropoietin group. Cox regression analysis indicated that roxadustat was an independent influencing factor for thyroid dysfunction. The study concluded that roxadustat may increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction in patients with renal anemia compared to erythropoietin. [Extracted from the article]