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1. The GenTree Leaf Collection: Inter‐ and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe

Author

Jérémy Marchon, Alan Gray, Sebastian Richter, Christophe Plomion, René Graf, Francesca Bagnoli, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Volker Schneck, Frédéric Bernier, Vladimir L. Semerikov, Henry Bignalet, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Felix Gugerli, Agathe Hurel, Geir Ostreng, Sandro Morganti, Santiago C. González-Martínez, David López-Quiroga, Luc Puzos, William Brunetto, Raquel Benavides, Damien Bouic, Olivier Ambrosio, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Mirko Liesebach, Cristina C. Bastias, Veronique Jorge, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Célia Michotey, Bernard Dokhelar, Mehdi Pringarbe, Enja Hollenbach, Camilla Avanzi, Silvio Schueler, José M. García del Barrio, Annie Raffin, Bruno Fady, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Milesi, Sonja T. Kujala, Nicolas Mariotte, Florian Knutzen, Nicolas Cheval, F. J. Auñón, Céline Lalanne, Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Katri Kärkkäinen, Nicolas Poinot, Fernando Del Caño, Jan-Philipp Kappner, Florence Jean, Birte Pakull, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Rémi Dourthe, Ermioni Malliarou, Ivan Scotti, Timo Kumpula, Mariaceleste Labriola, Silvia Matesanz, Bernard Issehuth, Martin Lascoux, Jean Thevenet, Christian Rellstab, Marianne Correard, Ricardo Alía, Johannes Lambertz, Anne Eskild Nilsen, Eva Cremer, Christoph Hartleitner, Darius Danusevičius, Lars Opgenoorth, Fernando Valladares, Arnaud Jouineau, Ana M. Cabanillas‐Saldaña, José Climent, Audrey Albet, Jurata Buchovska, Benjamin Dauphin, Sergio San Segundo, Ilaria Spanu, Antonio Mas, Johan Westin, Eduardo Notivol, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Andrea Piotti, Evangelos Barbas, Robert Kesälahti, Andreas Fera, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Helge Meischner, Grégoire Le Provost, Eduardo Ballesteros, Tor Myking, Bárbara Carvalho, Jean-Luc Denou, Katrin Heer, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Norbert Turion, Patrick Fonti, Delphine Grivet, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Gobierno de Aragon, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute, Horizon 2020. Grant Numbers: 676876, 4540-143AP, 6, 0032 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil), European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon, Philipps Universität Marburg, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Population, Phenotypic variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Leaf functional traits, tree species, Fagus sylvatica, leaf functional traits, Leaf economics spectrum, Leaf size, education, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, leaf economics spectrum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Intraspecific variability, Botany, phenotypic variation, Botanik, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest genetic resources, Quercus petraea, Sample collection, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, European forests, Tree species
Abstract

[Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes., [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves., [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe., [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017., [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea., [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed., All authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil).

Published
2021
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2. The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species

Author

Opgenoorth, Lars, Dauphin, Benjamin, Benavides, Raquel, Heer, Katrin, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Alía, Ricardo, Ambrosio, Olivier, Audrey, Albet, Auñón, Francisco, Avanzi, Camilla, Avramidou, Evangelia, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastias, Cristina C, Bastien, Catherine, Ballesteros, Eduardo, Beffa, Giorgia, Bernier, Frédéric, Bignalet, Henri, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bouic, Damien, Brodbeck, Sabine, Brunetto, William, Buchovska, Jurata, Buy, Melanie, Cabanillas-Saldaña, Ana M, Carvalho, Bárbara, Cheval, Nicolas, Climent, José M, Correard, Marianne, Cremer, Eva, Danusevičius, Darius, Del Caño, Fernando, Denou, Jean-Luc, Di Gerardi, Nicolas, Dokhelar, Bernard, Ducousso, Alexis, Nilsen, Anne Eskild, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, Fonti, Patrick, Ganopoulos, Ioannis, García Del Barrio, José M, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C, Graf, René, Gray, Alan, Grivet, Delphine, Gugerli, Felix, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hollenbach, Enja, Hurel, Agathe, Issehut, Bernard, Jean, Florence, Jorge, Veronique, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kappner, Jan-Philipp, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kesälahti, Robert, Knutzen, Florian, Kujala, Sonja T, Kumpula, Timo A, Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lalanne, Celine, Lambertz, Johannes, Lascoux, Martin, Lejeune, Vincent, Le-Provost, Gregoire, Levillain, Joseph, Liesebach, Mirko, López-Quiroga, David, Meier, Benjamin, Malliarou, Ermioni, Marchon, Jérémy, Mariotte, Nicolas, Mas, Antonio, Matesanz, Silvia, Meischner, Helge, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Morganti, Sandro, Nievergelt, Daniel, Notivol, Eduardo, Østreng, Geir, Pakull, Birte, Perry, Annika, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Poinot, Nicolas, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Puzos, Luc, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A, Rellstab, Christian, Remi, Dourthe, Richter, Sebastian, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J, San Segundo, Sergio, Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, Silvio, Schneck, Volker, Scotti, Ivan, Semerikov, Vladimir, Slámová, Lenka, Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik, Spanu, Ilaria, Thevenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, Villar, Marc, von Arx, Georg, Westin, Johan, Fady, Bruno, Myking, Tor, Valladares, Fernando, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A, Cavers, Stephen, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique et Biomasse Forestières ORléans (GBFOR), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Gobierno de Aragon, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute, Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) 6.0032, European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), Philipps Universität Marburg, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA)

Subjects
crown size, fruit number, Skogsvetenskap, bark thickness, AcademicSubjects/SCI02254, DBH, Forest Science, soil depth, forking index, Botany, Pinus sylvestris, Botanik, Forests, Data Note, stem straightness, Ecology and Environment, Trees, regeneration, branch angle, Fagus, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Picea, height
Abstract

Background: Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information. Findings: The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine), Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), Pinus nigra Arnold (European black pine), Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Populus nigra L. (European black poplar), Taxus baccata L. (English yew), and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak). Phenotypic (height, diameter at breast height, crown size, bark thickness, biomass, straightness, forking, branch angle, fructification), regeneration, environmental in situ measurements (soil depth, vegetation cover, competition indices), and environmental modeling data extracted by using bilinear interpolation accounting for surrounding conditions of each tree (precipitation, temperature, insolation, drought indices) were obtained from trees in 194 sites covering the species’ geographic ranges and reflecting local environmental gradients. Conclusion: The GenTree Platform is a new resource for investigating ecological and evolutionary processes in forest trees. The coherent phenotyping and environmental characterization across 12 species in their European ranges allow for a wide range of analyses from forest ecologists, conservationists, and macro-ecologists. Also, the data here presented can be linked to the GenTree Dendroecological collection, the GenTree Leaf Trait collection, and the GenTree Genomic collection presented elsewhere, which together build the largest evolutionary forest ecology data collection available.

Published
2021
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3. Whole‐genome sequencing and genome regions of special interest: Lessons from major histocompatibility complex, sex determination, and plant self‐incompatibility

Author

Niels A. Müller, Xavier Vekemans, Vincent Castric, Helena Westerdahl, Quentin C. B. Cronk, Helen Hipperson, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Lund University [Lund], University of British Columbia (UBC), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), and ANR-18-CE02-0020,TE-MoMa,Mode, tempo et conséquences fonctionnelles de la mobilisation des éléments transposables en relation aux systèmes de reproduction(2018)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Locus (genetics), Computational biology, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, sex-determining region, Molecular ecology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Gene, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, Haplotype, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genomics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], major histocompatibility complex, whole-genome sequencing, long-read sequencing, biology.protein, self-incompatibility locus
Abstract

International audience; Whole-genome sequencing of non-model organisms is now widely accessible and has allowed a range of questions in the field of molecular ecology to be investigated with greater power. However, some genomic regions that are of high biological interest remain problematic for assembly and data-handling. Three such regions are the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), sex-determining regions (SDRs) and the plant self-incompatibility locus (S-locus). Using these as examples, we illustrate the challenges of both assembling and resequencing these highly polymorphic regions and how bioinformatic and technological developments are enabling new approaches to their study. Mapping short-read sequences against multiple alternative references improves genotyping comprehensiveness at the S-locus thereby contributing to more accurate assessments of allelic frequencies. Long-read sequencing, producing reads of several tens to hundreds of kilobase pairs in length, facilitates the assembly of such regions as single sequences can span the multiple duplicated gene copies of the MHC region, and sequence through repetitive stretches and translocations in SDRs and S-locus haplotypes. These advances are adding value to short-read genome resequencing approaches by allowing, for example, more accurate haplotype phasing across longer regions. Finally, we assessed further technical improvements, such as nanopore adaptive sequencing and bioinformatic tools using pangenomes, which have the potential to further expand our knowledge of a number of genomic regions that remain challenging to study with classical resequencing approaches.

Published
2021
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4. Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe

Author

Sophia Etzold, Andreas Rigling, Annette Menzel, Arthur Gessler, Andreas Bolte, Roman Zweifel, David I. Forrester, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Jordane Gavinet, Arun K. Bose, Patrick Fonti, Flurin Babst, Mathieu Lévesque, Ester González de Andrés, Antonio Gazol, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Burkhard Neuwirth, Tobias Scharnweber, François Lebourgeois, Christof Bigler, Daniel Scherrer, Manuel Nicolas, J. Julio Camarero, Daniel Ziche, Jens Schröder, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Khulna University, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), INIA-CIFOR, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud [Zaragoza] (IACS), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Office national des forêts (ONF), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), and The study was supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (PROJECT ID: 749051-REFOREST) to AKB. A. Gessler acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation SNF (310030_189109). F.B. acknowledges support by the HOMING programme of the Foundation for Polish Science and European Union (#POIR.04.04.00-00-5F85/18-00). DNK acknowledges funding from Biodiversa with the national funder SNF (20BD21_184131). Part of the sampling was funded within the project DENDROKLIMA by the German Waldklimafond (FKZ 28W-C-4-077-01). We thank colleagues who contributed the ITRDB tree ring database and the CHELSA climate database for generating tree ring width and climate data, respectively. We thank Dr. Thomas Wohlgemuth of the Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL for his valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank to LANUV Nordrhein-Westfalen, Thüringenforst, LUA Saarland, Landesforsten Rheinland-Pfalz, Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde and Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt for supporting the sampling.

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drought tolerance, Legacy effects, Climate change, Forests, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Quercus robur, Quercus, Water balance, Warming, Drought, Acclimation, Tree rings, Forest ecology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Pollution, Droughts, ddc, Europe, Deciduous, Environmental science, Quercus petraea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe., Science of The Total Environment, 784, ISSN:0048-9697, ISSN:1879-1026

Published
2021
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5. Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions

Author

Juan Carlos Linares, Andreas Rigling, Mathieu Lévesque, Matthias Saurer, Annette Menzel, Ana-Maria Hereş, Michel Vennetier, Alessandra Bottero, Luis Matías, Daniel Ziche, Allan Buras, Raúl Sánchez-Salguero, Andrea Hevia, Matthias Haeni, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Maxime Cailleret, Arthur Gessler, J. Julio Camarero, Andreas Bolte, Arun K. Bose, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Transilvania University of Brasov, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, German Waldklimafond, Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture, and Forestry, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, acclimation, latitudinal gradient, Pinus sylvestris, predisposition, tree rings, Predisposition, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Germany, Primary Research Article, extreme event, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, 31 Ciencias Agrarias, Droughts, ddc, Europe, climate change, Productivity (ecology), Interactive effects, coniferous tree, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Eventos extremos, climate effect, drought resistance, Growing season, 010603 evolutionary biology, Acclimatization, Environmental Chemistry, Resilience (network), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Resistance (ecology), Global warming, Scots pine, Tree rings, 15. Life on land, Primary Research Articles, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Spain, physiological response, complexity, Acclimation, global climate
Abstract

Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees’ phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long‐term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree‐level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree‐, site‐, and drought‐related factors and their interactions driving the tree‐level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree‐ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid‐elevation and low productivity sites from 1980–1999 to 2000–2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree‐level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the predrought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long‐term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We, therefore, conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation., We examined tree growth resilience of Scots pine along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to north‐eastern Germany using 615 adult trees from 30 different sites. We found that the resilience of Scots pine to extreme drought decreased in mid‐elevation and low productivity sites from 1980–1999 to 2000–2011 due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. We showed that the impact of drought on tree‐level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances during the pre‐drought period.

Published
2020
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6. Author Correction: The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Guillaume Bodineau, Johan Westin, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Katrin Heer, Cristina C. Bastias, Georg von Arx, Francesca Bagnoli, Fernando Valladares, Bruno Fady, Frédéric Bernier, Christophe Plomion, Kurt Ramskogler, Mehdi Pringarbe, Grégoire Le-Provost, Felix Gugerli, José M. García del Barrio, Vladimir L. Semerikov, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Sandro Morganti, Florian Knutzen, Florence Courdier, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Tor Myking, Bárbara Carvalho, Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Katri Kärkkäinen, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Milesi, Christian Rellstab, Mariaceleste Labriola, Lenka Slámová, Mirko Liesebach, Claudio Grefen, Sonja T. Kujala, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Dominique Veisse, Birte Pakull, Norbert Turion, Christoph Hartleitner, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Silvio Schueler, Marlène Lefebvre, Ermioni Malliarou, Annie Raffin, Silvia Matesanz, Marianne Correard, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Camilla Avanzi, Eduardo Notivol, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Agathe Hurel, Ricardo Alía, Arnaud Jouineau, Alan Gray, Ilaria Spanu, Raquel Benavides, Jean Thevenet, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Darius Danusevičius, Lars Opgenoorth, Célia Michotey, Benjamin Dauphin, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Patrick Fonti, Jean-Paul Charpentier, Vincent Lejeune, José Climent, Martin Lascoux, Nicolas Mariotte, Andrea Piotti, Evangelos Barbas, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Philipps Universität Marburg, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Génétique et Biomasse Forestières ORléans (GBFOR), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA), University of Oulu, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), and Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, Climate Change, Forests, Library and Information Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Education, Quercus, Dendrochronology, Fagus, Picea, lcsh:Science, Author Correction, Betula, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Pinus, Wood, Computer Science Applications, Europe, Geography, Populus, lcsh:Q, Forest ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Tree species, 010606 plant biology & botany, Information Systems
Abstract

The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations. This dataset covers most of the geographical and climatic range occupied by the selected species. The potential use of it will be highly valuable for assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental conditions as well as for model development and parameterization, to predict adaptability under climate change scenarios., Measurement(s)growth ring • wood densityTechnology Type(s)measuring table • calculationFactor Type(s)tree speciesSample Characteristic - OrganismBetula pendula • Fagus sylvatica • Picea abies • Populus nigra • Pinus pinaster • Pinus sylvestris • Quercus petraeaSample Characteristic - LocationEurope Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11294993

Published
2020
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7. Microbial dynamics and soil physicochemical properties explain large-scale variations in soil organic carbon

Author

Ying-Ping Wang, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, Guoyi Zhou, Daniel S. Goll, Anne-Katrin Prescher, Xuli Tang, William R. Wieder, Yuanyuan Huang, Bertrand Guenet, Philippe Ciais, Claire Chenu, R. Z. Abramoff, Pierre Barré, Haicheng Zhang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Augsburg [Augsburg], CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique FNRS 34823748, European Research Council ERC‐2013‐SyG‐610028, National Environmental Science Program Earth System and Climate ChangeU.S. Department of Energy DE‐SC0016364, Department of Agriculture, NIFA 2015‐67003‐23485, NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program NNX17AK19G, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, soil carbon stabilization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Climate change, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, soil biogeochemical model, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, soil physicochemical property, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, soil organic carbon, climate change, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, soil carbon classification, microbial physiology
Abstract

International audience; First‐order organic matter decomposition models are used within most Earth System Models (ESMs) to project future global carbon cycling; these models have been criticized for not accurately representing mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and SOC response to climate change. New soil biogeochemical models have been developed, but their evaluation is limited to observations from laboratory incubations or few field experiments. Given the global scope of ESMs, a comprehensive evaluation of such models is essential using in situ observations of a wide range of SOC stocks over large spatial scales before their introduction to ESMs. In this study, we collected a set of in situ observations of SOC, litterfall and soil properties from 206 sites covering different forest and soil types in Europe and China. These data were used to calibrate the model MIMICS (The MIcrobial‐MIneral Carbon Stabilization model), which we compared to the widely used first‐order model CENTURY. We show that, compared to CENTURY, MIMICS more accurately estimates forest SOC concentrations and the sensitivities of SOC to variation in soil temperature, clay content and litter input. The ratios of microbial biomass to total SOC predicted by MIMICS agree well with independent observations from globally distributed forest sites. By testing different hypotheses regarding (using alternative process representations) the physicochemical constraints on SOC deprotection and microbial turnover in MIMICS, the errors of simulated SOC concentrations across sites were further decreased. We show that MIMICS can resolve the dominant mechanisms of SOC decomposition and stabilization and that it can be a reliable tool for predictions of terrestrial SOC dynamics under future climate change. It also allows us to evaluate at large scale the rapidly evolving understanding of SOC formation and stabilization based on laboratory and limited filed observation.

Published
2020
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8. Recent global decline of CO$_2$ fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis

Author

Wenping Yuan, Dan Zhu, Wei He, Ivan A. Janssens, Mousong Wu, Benjamin Poulter, Jing M. Chen, Yongguang Zhang, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Ramdane Alkama, Hanqin Tian, Alessandro Cescatti, Elliott Campbell, Atul K. Jain, Joseph A. Berry, Markus Kautz, Etsushi Kato, Ning Zeng, Nicolas Vuichard, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Rong Wang, Daniel S. Goll, William K. Smith, Pierre Friedlingstein, Vanessa Haverd, Sebastian Lienert, Songhan Wang, A. Wiltshire, Weimin Ju, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Danica Lombardozzi, Inken Krüger, Nanjing University (NJU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of California (UC), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Arizona, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering [Shanghai], Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Forest Economics and Policy, School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University (AU), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], University of California, Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], and University of Augsburg [Augsburg]

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global warming, Carbon sink, Forcing (mathematics), Vegetation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Productivity (ecology), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A decline in the carbon fertilization effect One source of uncertainty in climate science is how the carbon fertilization effect (CFE) will contribute to mitigation of anthropogenic climate change. Wang et al. explored the temporal dynamics of CFE on vegetation photosynthesis at the global scale. There has been a decline over recent decades in the contribution of CFE to vegetation photosynthesis, perhaps owing to the limiting effects of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This declining trend has not been adequately accounted for in carbon cycle models. CFE thus has limitations for long-term mitigation of climate change, and future warming might currently be underestimated. Science , this issue p. 1295

Published
2020
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9. Tree related microhabitats in temperate and Mediterranean European forests: A hierarchical typology for inventory standardization

Author

Alexa K. Michel, Baptiste Regnery, Thibault Lachat, Kris Vandekerkhove, Yoan Paillet, Frank Krumm, Daniel Kraus, Rita Bütler, Laurent Larrieu, Susanne Winter, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées (CRPF Midi-Pyrénées), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), World Wide Fund for Nature, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Haute école des sciences agronomiques, forestières et alimentaires (HAFL), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Observatoire Régional de l’Environnement Poitou-Charentes (ORE Poitou-Charentes), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Research Institute for Nature and Forest

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Typology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Wildlife, Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, Biology, integrative forest management, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Temperate climate, forest inventory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Forest inventory, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, monitoring, Habitat, wildlife habitat, biodiversity conservation, tree structure, business
Abstract

Tree related Microhabitats (hereafter TreMs) have been widely recognized as important substrates and structures for biodiversity in both commercial and protected forests and are receiving increasing attention in management, conservation and research. How to record TreMs in forest inventories is a question of recent interest since TreMs represent potential indirect indicators for the specialized species that use them as substrates or habitat at least for a part of their life-cycle. However, there is a wide range of differing interpretations as to what exactly constitutes a TreM and what specific features should be surveyed in the field. In an attempt to harmonize future TreM inventories, we propose a definition and a typology of TreM types borne by living and dead standing trees in temperate and Mediterranean forests in Europe. Our aim is to provide users with definitions which make unequivocal TreM determination possible. Our typology is structured around seven basic forms according to morphological characteristics and biodiversity relevance: i) cavities lato sensu, ii) tree injuries and exposed wood, iii) crown deadwood, iv) excrescences, v) fruiting bodies of saproxylic fungi and fungi-like organisms, vi) epiphytic and epixylic structures, and vii) exudates. The typology is then further detailed into 15 groups and 47 types with a hierarchical structure allowing the typology to be used for different purposes. The typology, along with guidelines for standardized recording we propose, is an unprecedented reference tool to make data on TreMs comparable across different regions, forest types and tree species, and should greatly improve the reliability of TreM monitoring. It provides the basis for compiling these data and may help to improve the reliability of reporting and evaluation of the conservation value of forests. Finally, our work emphasizes the need for further research on TreMs to better understand their dynamics and their link with biodiversity in order to more fully integrate TreM monitoring into forest management.

Published
2018
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10. The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on forests

Author

Christopher P. O. Reyer, Ramiro Silveyra Gonzalez, Klara Dolos, Florian Hartig, Ylva Hauf, Matthias Noack, Petra Lasch-Born, Thomas Rötzer, Hans Pretzsch, Henning Mesenburg, Stefan Fleck, Markus Wagner, Andreas Bolte, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Pasi Kolari, Annikki Mäkelä, Timo Vesala, Ivan Mammarella, Jukka Pumpanen, Alessio Collalti, Carlo Trotta, Giorgio Matteucci, Ettore D'Andrea, Lenka Foltýnová, Jan Krejza, Andreas Ibrom, Kim Pilegaard, Denis Loustau, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Paul Berbigier, Delphine Picart, Sébastien Lafont, Michael Dietze, David Cameron, Massimo Vieno, Hanqin Tian, Alicia Palacios-Orueta, Victor Cicuendez, Laura Recuero, Klaus Wiese, Matthias Büchner, Stefan Lange, Jan Volkholz, Hyungjun Kim, Graham P. Weedon, Justin Sheffield, Iliusi Vega del Valle, Felicitas Suckow, Joanna A. Horemans, Simon Martel, Friedrich Bohn, Jörg Steinkamp, Alexander Chikalanov, Mats Mahnken, Martin Gutsch, Katja Frieler, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Regensburg, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Partenaires INRAE, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Research Institute, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, University of Helsinki, University of Eastern Finland, Institute for agriculture and forestry systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Tuscia University, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Auburn University (AU), Technical University of Madrid, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Princeton University, University of Antwerp (UA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, and University of Library Study and Information Technology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides a wide range of empirical data to calibrate and evaluate vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. A particular advantage of this database is its wide coverage of multiple data sources at different hierarchical and temporal scales, together with environmental driving data as well as the latest climate scenarios. Specifically, the PROFOUND DB provides general site descriptions, soil, climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition, tree and forest stand-level, as well as remote sensing data for nine contrasting forest stands distributed across Europe. Moreover, for a subset of five sites, time series of carbon fluxes, atmospheric heat conduction, and soil water are also available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contain several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). We also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND DB is available freely as a SQLite relational database or ASCII flat file version (at https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). The data policies of the individual, contributing datasets are provided in the metadata of each data file. The PROFOUND DB can also be accessed via the ProfoundData R-package (https://github.com/COST-FP1304-PROFOUND/ProfoundData), which provides basic functions to explore, plot, and extract the data for model set-up, calibration and evaluation.

Published
2019
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11. Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe's terrestrial ecosystems: a review

Author

Tiphaine Tallec, Arnaud Carrara, Ralf Kiese, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mika Aurela, Olaf Kolle, Bernard Heinesch, Sébastien Gogo, Annalea Lohila, Maarten Op de Beeck, Nina Buchmann, Nicola Arriga, Hans Peter Schmid, Jukka Pumpanen, Ladislav Šigut, Meelis Mölder, Lilian Joly, Lukas Hörtnagl, Giorgio Matteucci, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Hanna Silvennoinen, Robert Clement, Eric Ceschia, George Burba, Matthias Peichl, Bruce Osborne, Ana López-Ballesteros, B. Longdoz, Thomas Grünwald, Domenico Vitale, Rainer Steinbrecher, Andrea Pitacco, Lukas Siebicke, Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius, Peter Waldner, Pasi Kolari, Marion Schrumpf, Alexander Graf, Tuomas Laurila, Oliver Sonnentag, Gianluca Filippa, Daniel Berveiller, Jouni Heiskanen, Michael P. Jones, Marc Aubinet, Sébastien C. Biraud, Mathias Herbst, Philip Meier, Mirco Migliavacca, Marian Pavelka, Per Weslien, Roland Fuß, Bert Gielen, Kamel Soudani, Mari Pihlatie, Radek Pokorný, Manuel Acosta, Simone Mereu, Mats Nilsson, Achim Grelle, Caroline Vincke, Guillaume Simioni, Patrick M. Crill, Leif Klemedtsson, Christine Moureaux, Natascha Kljun, Stefan Metzger, Christian Brümmer, Lutz Merbold, Katja Klumpp, Matthias Mauder, Christine Herschlein, Claudy Jolivet, Simone Sabbatini, Patrice Soulé, Mireille Barbaste, Céline Ratié, Edoardo Cremonese, Patrik Vestin, Nicolas Saby, Patrick Gross, Penélope Serrano Ortiz, Hakima Boukir, Giacomo Nicolini, Stefan Fleck, Sune Linder, Pavel Sedlák, Sami Haapanala, Gaëlle Vincent, David R. Nelson, Werner L. Kutsch, Edward Ayres, Lisa Wingate, Nuria Altimir, Anne De Ligne, Andreas Ibrom, Marilyn Roland, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Timothy Brown, Corinna Rebmann, Eiko Nemitz, Sara Maraňón Jiménez, Koen Hufkens, Andrew S. Kowalski, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Sigrid Dengel, Eva Darenova, Markus Hehn, Anne Thimonier, Mark S. Zahniser, Matthew Saunders, John Grace, Georg Wohlfahrt, A. Cescatti, Ute Skiba, Dominique Arrouays, Petra D'Odorico, Olli Peltola, Daniela Franz, Tanguy Manise, Gerardo Fratini, Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics, Partenaires INRAE, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Antwerp (UA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), Trinity College Dublin, Unité de service et de recherches en analyses végétales et environnementales (USRAVE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Australian National University (ANU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), LI-COR Biosciences, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, European Commission, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Stockholm University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Oobservational network, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ICOS, GHG exchange, carbon cycle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ICOS, GHG exchange, carbon cycle, standardised monitoring, observational network, climate change, Climate change, Eddy covariance, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Carbon cycle, standardised monitoring, 11. Sustainability, Forest ecology, Sampling design, ddc:550, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Ecosystem, Biology, standardized protocols, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Agronomy & Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Earth sciences, climate change, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, observational network, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:640, Terrestrial ecosystem, business
Abstract

Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.

Published
2018
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12. Reproducing reproduction: How to simulate mast seeding in forest models

Author

Tanja G. M. Sanders, Ciprian Palaghianu, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Eliane Schermer, Davide Ascoli, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Giorgio Vacchiano, Paola Mairota, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Alessio Collalti, Thomas Caignard, Fabio Berzaghi, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, DIBAF, Tuscia University, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Euro–Mediterranean Center for Climate Change, Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services, Partenaires INRAE, Institute for agriculture and forestry systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Department of Agri-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Snow and Landscape Research, St. Catherine's College, and University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pollination, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, resource budget model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], tree reproduction, resource allocation, Masting Seed production Process-based models Resource budget model Resource allocation Tree reproduction, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, masting, Plant population, process-based models, seed production, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Environmental science, Forest structure, Seeding, Cascading effects, Mast (botany), Masting, Process-based models, Resource allocation, Resource budget model, Seed production, Tree reproduction, Carbon stock, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Masting is the highly variable and synchronous production of seeds by plants. Masting can have cascading effects on plant population dynamics and forest properties such as tree growth, carbon stocks, regeneration, nutrient cycling, or future species composition. However, masting has often been missing from forest models. Those few that simulate masting have done so using relatively simple empirical rules, and lack an implementation of process-based mechanisms that control such events. Here we review more than 200 published papers on mechanistic formulations of masting, and summarize how the main processes involved in masting and their related patterns can be incorporated in forest models at different degrees of complexity. Our review showed that, of all proximate causes of masting, resource acquisition, storage and allocation were the processes studied most often. Hormonal and genetic regulation of bud formation, floral induction, and anthesis were less frequently addressed. We outline the building blocks of a general process-based model of masting that can be used to improve the oversimplified functions in different types of forest models, and to implement them where missing. A complete implementation of masting in forest models should include functions for resource allocation and depletion, and for pollination, as regulated by both forest structure and weather in the years prior to seed production. When models operate at spatio-temporal scales mismatched with the main masting processes, or if calibration data are not available, simulation can be based on parameterizing masting patterns (variability, synchrony, or frequency). Also, observed masting patterns have the potential to be used as “reality checks” for more process-based forest models wishing to accurately reproduce masting as an emergent phenomenon.

Published
2018
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13. Variation in xylem vulnerability to embolism in European beech from geographically marginal populations

Author

Hervé Cochard, Marta Benito-Garzón, José M. Torres-Ruiz, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Anders Ræbild, Sylvain Delzon, M. de Luis, Marzena Suchocka, Claudia Cocozza, Andreas Bolte, Srdjan Stojnic, Roberto Tognetti, Branislav Cvjetković, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Landscape University Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Instituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante (IPSP), Faculty of Forestry, Czech University of Agriculture, IUCA, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Dipartemento of Biocienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL)

Subjects
European beech, climatic niche, marginal population, phenotypic variation, xylem embolism resistance, 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Range (biology), Climate Change, Species distribution, Climate change, Plant Science, xylem, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fagus, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Beech, biology, Resistance (ecology), Plant Dispersal, Ecology, xylème, fungi, Water, Xylem, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, hêtre, Europe, Phenotype, Forest dieback, Embolism, embolisme, 13. Climate action, variation phénotypique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves in Europe, leading to effects on forest growth and major forest dieback events due to hydraulic failure caused by xylem embolism. Inter-specific variability in embolism resistance has been studied in detail, but little is known about intra-specific variability, particularly in marginal populations. We evaluated 15 European beech populations, mostly from geographically marginal sites of the species distribution range, focusing particularly on populations from the dry southern margin. We found small, but significant differences in resistance to embolism between populations, with xylem pressures causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity ranging from −2.84 to −3.55 MPa. Significant phenotypic clines of increasing embolism resistance with increasing temperature and aridity were observed: the southernmost beech populations growing in a warmer drier climate and with lower habitat suitability have higher resistance to embolism than those from Northern Europe growing more favourable conditions. Previous studies have shown that there is little or no difference in embolism resistance between core populations, but our findings show that marginal populations have developed ways of protecting their xylem based on either evolution or plasticity.

Published
2017
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14. Species-specific and generic biomass equations for seedlings and saplings of European tree species

Author

Christian Wirth, Catherine Collet, Bastian Hirschfelder, Damien Provendier, Jörg Ewald, Jate Sathornkich, Heike Kawaletz, Gerald Kändler, Peter Annighöfer, Peter Schall, Philippe Balandier, Josephine Haase, Na Lin, Christian Kuehne, N. Bartsch, Sandra Cristina Müller, Jörg Wollmerstädt, Aitor Ameztegui, Anja Kahl, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, André Marquier, Tsegay Gebereyesus, Andreas Bolte, Nico Frischbier, Christian Ammer, Carolin Seele, Jens Schröder, Tobias Hamm, Philippe Malagoli, Johannes Weidig, André Lacointe, Susanne Promberger, Heinz Röhle, M. Mund, Heino Wolf, Magnus Löf, Lluís Coll, Franka Huth, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Forest Sciences Center of Catalonia, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Applied Science of Weihenstephan, Forestry research and Competence Centre, University of Zurich, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], DBU Naturerbe GmbH, University of Maine, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Freiburg, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Plante and Cité, Kasetsart University, Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Federal Agency for Nature Conservation of the Federal Ministry for the Environment Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (FKZ 3511 84 0200), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Universität Leipzig, and Kasetsart University (KU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Forest regeneration, european tree species, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Global climate, Tree allometry, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Tree biomass, Afforestation, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, biomass equation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Reforestation, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Plant ecology, Allometric equations, 13. Climate action, Tree species, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Biomass equations are a helpful tool to estimate the tree and stand biomass production and standing stock. Such estimations are of great interest for science but also of great importance for global reports on the carbon cycle and the global climate system. Even though there are various collections and generic meta-analyses available with biomass equations for mature trees, reports on biomass equations for juvenile trees (seedlings and saplings) are mainly missing. Against the background of an increasing amount of reforestation and afforestation projects and forests in young successional stages, such equations are required. In this study we have collected data from various studies on the aboveground woody biomass of 19 common tree species growing in Europe. The aim of this paper was to calculate species-specific biomass equations for the aboveground woody biomass of single trees in dependence of root-collar-diameter (RCD), height (H) and the combination of the two (RCD2 H). Next to calculating species-specific biomass equations for the species available in the dataset, we also calculated generic biomass equations for all broadleaved species and all conifer species. The biomass equations should be a contribution to the pool of published biomass equations, whereas the novelty is here that the equations were exclusively derived for young trees. We thank the national research project “Ecosystem Services of Natural Forests at Forestry and Climate Policy (FKZ 3511 84 0200),” from the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) of the Federal Ministry for the Environment Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) for funding this project.

Published
2016
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