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This study aims to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on green GDP while analyzing the role of financial development thresholds in moderating the relationship in the ASEAN-6 countries. These are six leading countries in the ASEAN region. The study employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression to estimate the models, in combination with Bayesian regression to check the results’ robustness. The findings indicate that FDI plays an important role in fostering green GDP in the countries. Furthermore, the financial development thresholds can moderate this impact. Specifically, the estimation results used threshold effects reveal that the threshold value for the financial market index is 0.38, and for the financial institution index, it is 0.68, which both represent financial development. The GMM and Bayesian regression results consistently show that the positive impact of FDI on green GDP becomes evident only when financial development surpasses these threshold values. Notably, financial institutions have shown themselves to be more effective than financial markets in amplifying this impact. These findings provide a reliable foundation for the ASEAN-6 countries to develop appropriate economic policies to promote green GDP.

This research is to examine the role of management of foreign direct investment and control of corruption in economic growth. The research data were collected from the ASEAN-6 countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam during the period of 2002-2021. The research utilizes the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) method developed by Abrrigo and Love (2015) [Abrigo, M. R. M., & Love, I. (2016). Estimation of panel vector autoregression in Stata.] to estimate the research model. The estimation results show that foreign direct investment and corruption control play an important role in promoting economic growth in the ASEAN-6 countries. Furthermore, foreign direct investment and corruption control are closely related to each other, indicating that economic growth is not only directly affected by foreign direct investment and corruption control but also indirectly influenced by each of these factors. This is a new finding of this research compared to previous studies. These findings provide significant empirical evidence for the ASEAN-6 countries, particularly in managing foreign direct investment and controlling corruption to promote economic growth. The implication of these results is that these countries identify appropriate policies to manage FDI and corruption control in order to maximize the level of economic growth.

2004–2020. The study was conducted in the context that Vietnam’s trade openness is increasing, causing significant challenges in macro management, including exchange rate management. The authors use vector autoregression model and Granger causality test to test this relationship. The study used a vector autoregression model and Granger causality test to investigate the causal relationship between trade openness and real effective exchange rate volatility in Vietnam over the period 2004–2020. The study was conducted in the context of Vietnam’s trade openness index rising, causing significant challenges in macro management, including exchange rate management. The study takes a new approach (i) using Vietnam’s real effective exchange rate relative to 143 trading partners; and (ii) examining the impact of economic growth on trade openness and exchange rate volatility. The research results indicate that trade openness has a two-way Granger causality with effective real exchange rate volatility in Vietnam at the 1% significance level. Specifically, the effect of trade openness on real exchange rate volatility is positive at a 1-period lag and 4-period lag. Meanwhile, real exchange rate fluctuations have a negative effect on trade openness with a 1-period lag. At the same time, the study also finds that increased economic growth reduces real effective exchange rate volatility and increases Vietnam’s trade openness. On that basis, the study proposes implications for the management of trade openness and exchange rate management in the current Vietnamese context.

This study investigated the impact of stock market development (SMD) on economic growth (EG) among emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) in Asia. The data sample includes eight Asian EMDEs (China, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 2008 to 2019. These countries share several similarities, so this ensures reliability of the results. Regarding the analysis, the generalized method of moments (GMM) is used for the estimation. The results show that SMD exerts a positive impact on EG. This finding confirms the importance of SMD in improving efficient capital accumulation and allocation, and also allows investors to reduce risks and increase liquidity, which will boost EG. Further, the significant influence of domestic credit (DC), control of corruption (CC), and inflation (INF) on EG is also highlighted. These findings are valuable empirical evidence that greatly contributes to reinforcing the suitability of classical economic growth theories, especially the theory of endogenous growth. They are also essential to EMDEs in Asia. Accordingly, the EMDEs should develop effective policies to improve the stock market’s scale, which contributes substantially to the development of EG. Moreover, these economies need to pursue many appropriate policies in sync, such as stimulating SMD, improving governance effectiveness and implementing effective macroeconomic policies. Acknowledgment This study was funded by the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), Vietnam (grant number: 21/1TCNH01).

This paper gives first empirical evidence from Vietnam, an emerging country, on the impact of financing decision on firm performance in Vietnam. The study uses data of 102 non-financial firms listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) in the 2008-2018 period. Generalized method of moment (GMM) is employed to overcome drawbacks of the model to assure stable and efficient findings. In this study, return on assets (ROA) is utilized to measure firm performance. Further, financing decision is measured by three indicators: total debt to total assets (TDTA), long-term debt to total assets (LTDTA), and short-term debt to total assets (STDTA). Besides, firm size (SIZE), economic growth (GDP) and inflation rate (INF) are also used as control variables. The paper reveals that firm performance is significantly correlated with financing decision. The findings confirm that the increase in debt use decreases firm performance. Therefore, it is recommended that firms should be chary of using debt to finance business operation as it can lead to bad effects on their performance. The results also report the positive effects of inflation rate on financial development. Accordingly, some strong implications are suggested in order that the authorities and management can develop suitable policies to improve firm performance and aim to a sustainable and steady development.

The paper examines factors influencing online purchase intention of Vietnamese. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study develops a theoretical model including four explanatory variables of online purchase intention: performance expectancy (PE), social influence (SI), effort expectancy (EE) and facilitating condi-tions (FC). The empirical results obtained in a sample of 204 valid interviewees reveal the statistically significant and concurrent impact of the mentioned determinants on the intention to purchase online. Among them, performance expectancy (PE) and social influence (SI) exert the most significant influence. The findings provide guidance for online firms to improve their conditions and develop marketing strategies in order to highlight efficiency, ease of use, and convenience; become a trend of social communities and then encourage the online purchase.

This paper investigates factors affecting the profitability of real estate firms in Vietnam by using data of 55 real estate firms listed on Hochiminh and Hanoi stock exchanges over the period 2010-2018. The study applies estimation using panel data which consists of Pooled Regression model (POLS), Fixed Effects model (FEM) and Random effects model (REM). Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is also implemented to resolve some problems such as autocorrelation among the residuals, heteroscedasticity and other potential endogenous problems. In this study, firm profitability is measured by return on assets. Like earlier studies, the findings indicate that the factors determining firm profitability were leverage, age of the firm, current ratio and inflation rate. Moreover, the results also show the impact of economic growth rate on firm profitability. The paper of-fers strong implications for the authorities, real estate firms as well as investors.