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This study investigates the cultural and language barriers faced by Lao students at Vietnamese universities of education and proposes solutions for enhancing their academic and social integration. We analyzed the experiences of 624 Lao students across eight major universities in Vietnam through online surveys and in-depth interviews employing a mixed-methods approach. This study revealed that Lao students face significant language and cultural challenges that manifest in difficulties with Vietnamese language proficiency and adaptation to the academic culture in Vietnam. Despite these challenges, support from the Vietnamese student and teacher communities plays a crucial role in their adaptation process. The research underscores the need for enhanced teaching methodologies and the development of robust support systems for international students highlighting the pivotal role of language and cultural support in improving the educational experiences of Lao students. Addressing the language and cultural barriers faced by Lao students is essential for fostering their successful integration and participation in the Vietnamese educational system. Enhanced language support and culturally sensitive pedagogical strategies are recommended to enhance the academic success and social integration of these students, thereby contributing to a more inclusive educational environment.

The training program is the focus of all pedagogical activities in particular and educational activities in general, so the development of training programs and activities related to the development of training programs have become an important issue and are of interest to many educational scientists. The literature review method is used in this study to collect and extract the data from the national database system to show an overview of training program research and training program development that have been conducted in Vietnam. The findings indicate that the training programs have been changed from content training to training to form learners' competence. Furthermore, the programs are developed using a variety of modern perspectives and theories, such as output standards, educational innovation needs, liberal educational philosophy, competency-based performance, and so on. However, many more studies should be carried out to not only point out the limitations of the system of studies on training programs but also provide scientific evidence for new directions of training program development that should be developed and applied by the education system.

Background and objectives: The demand for skin care is a major concern, not only for women but also for men. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, as well as for beauty and skin whitening.In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Morus alba L. root bark extract on the enzyme tyrosinase. Methods: Mulberry root bark was extracted with ethanol (70%) at room temperature for 24 hours (repeated three times). The total ethanol extract was then suspended in water and successively partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. Additionally, we conducted virtual screening of 60 compounds from mulberry roots to evaluate their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase enzyme. Results: Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effect, with an IC50 value of 12.68 ± 1.64 µg/mL, compared to kojic acid, the positive control (IC50 13.94 ± 0.30 µg/mL). Virtual screening identified 11 compounds with lower binding energies than twopositive control compounds (kojic acid and arbutin). These compounds were evaluated for drug-like properties and predicted pharmacokinetic-toxicological properties. Finally, two compounds, alfafuran and mulberroside C, which demonstrated the ability to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme, were introduced. Conclusion:Our results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of Morus alba root bark extract has strong inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase enzyme.

Prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) is a rare malignant tumor that often occurs in young people. Despite the fact that their clinical pathological characteristics are well known, our understanding of the imaging characteristics still seems to be limited. In our search of the literature, PSS articles are mainly present as case reports. In this case series of PSS, we aimed to thoroughly describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, histopathological findings, and distinguishing hallmarks from prostate cancer (PCA).

Blunt esophageal injury is an unusual organ injury that has unclear clinical symptoms due to the overlap of thoracoabdominal trauma in the setting of multiple traumas. The treatment options vary depending on the patient's clinical symptoms, the extent of esophageal damage, and the time from the onset of damage to diagnosis. This article presents a case of a young male patient receiving emergency treatment after a traffic accident. Esophageal perforation was diagnosed through chest computed tomography with contrast injection and oral contrast. The article focuses on imaging characteristics and suggestive signs of blunt esophageal injury in the setting of multitrauma.

The article aims to explore the role of context and common sense in the dialogical reasoning of characters in some works by Nguyen Ngoc Thuan. Specifically, it has cataloged the dialogues in the stories, categorized the contexts and common sense, and counted their frequencies. From these results, we commented on the influence of contextual factors and common sense in shaping the dialogical style in Nguyen Ngoc Thuan’s creations. Additionally, the article highlights Nguyen Ngoc Thuan’s character portrayal through the perspective of dialogical reasoning. Thus, besides understanding argumentative structures, analyzing context and common sense in dialogical reasoning is a direction and a different perspective when approaching literary works.

This study begins by examining phenotypic variations in field growth among four parental Vietnamese rice lines, consisting of two Indica (PD211/GL37) and two Japonica (J23/SRA2-1) cultivars, which differ in life-cycle durations. Their phenotypic observations revealed both similarities and differences in growth patterns and field responses, setting the stage for further genomic investigation. We then focused on the sequencing and de novo genome assembly of these lines using high-coverage Illumina sequencing and achieving pseudochromosome assemblies ranging between 379 Mbp and 384 Mbp. The assemblies were further enhanced by annotation processes, designating between 44,427 and 48,704 gene models/genome. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that the Japonica varieties (J23/SRA2-1) exhibited more genetic similarity than the Indica varieties (PD211/GL37). From this, a phylogenetic analysis on the phytochrome C (phyC) gene distinctly positions the Indica and Japonica lines within their respective clades, affirming their genetic diversity and lineage accuracy. These genomic resources will pave the way for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) critical for developing rice cultivars with shorter life cycles, thus enhancing resilience to adverse climatic impacts in Vietnam. This study provides a foundational step towards leveraging genomic data for rice breeding programs aimed at ensuring food security in the face of climate change.

Hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccines have recently developed in controlling infectious diseases in aquaculture. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine via different delivery routes (injection, immersion, and oral administration) in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) without using adjuvant. Fish were randomly divided into 4 groups including G1: Control treatment (without vaccine), G2: vaccine-based diet (oral administration), G3: vaccinated by immersion and G4: vaccinated by injection. After 6 weeks of the experiment, fish were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae and the mortality was recorded in 14 days. The results showed that lysozyme activity was differentially increased according to the delivery routes of vaccine, organs and time of sampling. However, the specific antibody levels in all vaccinated groups were only increased in week 6 post-vaccination. After the challenge test with S. agalactiae, the serum lysozyme levels in G3 and G4 were significantly higher than the control group (G1), while the total white blood cells and specific antibody levels were significantly increased in G2 and G4 compared to the control (G1). Similarly, the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccine statistically reduced the cumulative mortality in G2 (35.29%) and G4 (28.95%) compared to G1 (44.12%) after injected with the S. agalactiae. These results showed that the vaccine delivery routes by oral administration or injection may decrease the pathogen and show better protection for red tilapia than the immersion method. Further studies will be investigated to improve the efficacy of hydrogen peroxidaseinactivated vaccine via using different adjuvants.

The article outlines research findings on developing principles and procedures for constructing a reading comprehension exercise system for 4th grade students. This exercise system supplements and enhances the teaching - learning of reading skills, fostering living capital, cultivating literary appreciation ability, love for nature and people for students. From the established process, the report also provides some sample exercises for elementary teachers to customize according to their specific needs, application activities, and targeted students.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Burkholderia dolosa is a clinically important opportunistic pathogen in inpatients. Here we characterised an extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent B. dolosa isolate from a patient hospitalised for stroke. Methods: Resistance to 41 antibiotics was tested with the agar disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, or broth microdilution method. The complete genome was assembled using short-reads and long-reads and the hybrid de novo assembly method. Allelic profiles obtained by multilocus sequence typing were analysed using the PubMLST database. Antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes were predicted in silico using public databases and the ‘baargin’ workflow. B. dolosa N149 phylogenetic relationships with all available B. dolosa strains and Burkholderia cepacia complex strains were analysed using the pangenome obtained with Roary. Results: B. dolosa N149 displayed extensive resistance to 31 antibiotics and intermediate resistance to 4 antibiotics. The complete genome included three circular chromosomes (6 338 630 bp in total) and one plasmid (167 591 bp). Genotypic analysis revealed various gene clusters (acr, amr, amp, emr, ade, bla and tet) associated with resistance to 35 antibiotic classes. The major intrinsic resistance mechanisms were multidrug efflux pump alterations, inactivation and reduced permeability of targeted antibiotics. Moreover, 91 virulence genes (encoding proteins involved in adherence, formation of capsule, biofilm and colony, motility, phagocytosis inhibition, secretion systems, protease secretion, transmission and quorum sensing) were identified. B. dolosa N149 was assigned to a novel sequence type (ST2237) and formed a mono-phylogenetic clade separated from other B. dolosa strains. Conclusions: This study provided insights into the antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms of B. dolosa.

This comprehensive examination meticulously navigates the intricate landscape of ethical considerations in clinical and counseling psychology research, employing a rigorous methodology that draws upon historical precedents, including notorious ethical lapses exemplified by the Tuskegee syphilis study, the Stanford prison experiment, and the Milgram obedience study. These historical cases serve as cautionary tales, vividly illustrating the dire consequences of neglecting ethical principles. Furthermore, the examination relies on contemporary ethical guidelines promulgated by reputable organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA), the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), and the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP), which not only underscore the importance of fundamental principles like informed consent, confidentiality, and respect for autonomy but also provide a methodical framework for shaping ethical research practices. Within this exploration, particular attention is given to the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) as vigilant gatekeepers of ethical integrity. Their meticulous oversight ensures the transparent implementation of informed consent processes and the careful mitigation of potential harm to research participants. This approach prioritizes the safeguarding of human rights and dignity, especially in situations where ethical guidelines intersect with intricate legal and regulatory frameworks. As the field of clinical and counseling psychology continues to evolve, this examination places methodological rigor at the forefront of ethical research endeavors, thereby not only enhancing the field's credibility but also significantly contributing to the well-being of individuals and society at large.

Abstract Four isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis were identified for the first time in a Vietnamese hospital and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genomic characterization by whole-genome sequencing. Complete, fully circularized genome sequences were obtained for all four isolates. Average Nucleotide Identity analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetic analysis on the core genome showed that three of the four isolates were genetically distinct, ruling out the hypothesis of a single strain emergence. Antibiotic susceptibility testing highlighted multi-resistant phenotypes against most antimicrobial families, including beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, quinolones, macrolides, amphenicols, rifamycins and glycopeptides. Additionally, in silico genomic analysis was used to correlate the phenotypic susceptibility to putative resistance determinants, including resistance genes, point mutations and multidrug efflux pumps. Nine different resistance genes were located inside a single resistance pocket predicted to be a putative Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE). This novel ICE was shared by three isolates from two different lineages and displayed similarity with ICEs previously reported in various Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium species. The role of such ICEs in pathogenicity, genome plasticity and antimicrobial resistance gene spread within the Flavobacteriaceae family needs to be further elucidated.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) recombinant strains pose new challenges for diagnosis and control. This study characterizes genotype I and II recombinant ASFV strains identified in northern Vietnam in 2023 through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis. Seven ASFV-positive samples from six provinces were analyzed, with recombinant strains detected in Bac Giang, Phu Tho, and Vinh Phuc provinces. Isolates showed hemadsorption positivity despite having genotype I B646L, indicating their recombinant nature. Genome-wide analysis revealed 19 recombination breakpoints consistent with Chinese recombinant strains. Vietnamese isolates shared 99.86-99.98% nucleotide identity with Chinese recombinants, forming a distinct monophyletic group. Comparative analysis identified 50 SNPs and INDELs, with 39 variations found across Vietnamese strains, distinguishing them from Chinese isolates. Unique genetic markers in C962R, I329L, and MGF 505-11L genes distinguished Vietnamese recombinants from Chinese counterparts, while mutations in C122R and NP1450L differentiated all recombinants from parental genotypes. The central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene showed diversity among Vietnamese isolates, while the I73R-I329L intergenic regions were recognized as in the IGR2 group. This study enhances understanding of recombinant ASFV evolution through homologous recombination and identifies new genetic markers for improved detection and characterization. The observed genetic diversity highlights challenges for existing diagnostic methods and vaccine development, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and research into the functional implications of these genetic variations on ASFV pathogenicity and transmissibility.

Abstract In this work, a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed to describe the drying process of a packed bed made of spherical particles. The volumetrical evaporation rate inside the bed is computed from the pressure difference between the particle surface and the airflow. By using the thermal equilibrium assumption, the heat conservation equation is derived. The CFD model is solved in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. The obtained results indicate remarkable maldistributions of temperature and moisture content. These maldistributions can be explained by the impact of lateral edges on thermo-hydraulic behavior. Additionally, the impact of particle diameter, air velocity, and bed width on the spatial-temporal moisture content and temperature distribution is investigated. It shows that the CFD model can be simplified to the receding front drying model for a bed made of small particles. Furthermore, by changing the thermal boundary conditions at the lateral edges, the influence of the heating mode at the lateral edges on the drying behavior is explored. The results indicate that contact heating at the bed wall can help to accelerate the drying process significantly.

With the desire to fully understand the use of drugs in the treatment of ischemic stroke to improve treatment effectiveness as well as safety for patients, the article presents the results of research on drug use characteristics and comments on the results of cerebral infarction treatment at the Stroke Center of Nghe An General Hospital. 113 medical records of infarction patients treated at the Stroke Center of Nghe An General Hospital from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023 were researched and analyzed. The results showed that thrombolytic therapy was consistent with the guidelines, most patients were stable and discharged from the hospital, and 6 adverse events were recorded, including 4 bleeding, 1 increased intracranial pressure, and 1 seizure.

Traditional vibration-based damage detection methods often involve human intervention in decision-making, therefore being time-consuming and error-prone. In this study, we propose using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to detect patterns in the structural response and create accurate predictions. The features extracted from the response signal are the Relative Frequency Shifts (RFSs) of the first eight weak-axis bending vibration modes, and the predictions refer to the damage location. To increase the accuracy of the predictions, we propose a novel stacked neural network approach, capable of detecting damage locations with high accuracy. The dataset used for training involves, as input data, the RFSs calculated with an original method for numerous damage locations and severities. The following models were used as building blocks for our stacked approach: Multilayer Perceptron, Recurrent Neural Network, Long Short-term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Units. The entire beam was thus split into segments and each network was trained in this stacked model on one beam segment. All results obtained with the models are also compared to a standard neural network trained on the entire beam. The results obtained show that the model that performs the best contains 14 stacked two-layer feedforward networks.

In this study, a numerical model of a modified air-drying process of apple slices that considers the conjugate heat and mass transfer in the drying chamber is developed. Inside the apple slice sample, the continuum model is incorporated to describe the non-isothermal two-phase transport. The intra- and extra-sample heat, mass, and momentum transfer are coupled to simulate the transportation phenomena inside the drying chamber using the finite volume method implemented in computational fluid dynamic software (COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0). In this manner, temperature, velocity, moisture content of the drying agent inside the chamber, sample temperature, and moisture content distributions can be predicted. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed by a good agreement between the numerical and experimental data in terms of the overall evaporation rate and temperature. The simulation results indicate that the maldistribution of the convective heat and mass transfer resistance on the sample surface is significant. This can be explained by the nonuniform velocity distribution inside the drying chamber. Additionally, both experimental and numerical observations show that the drying process can be divided into two periods: the quasi-constant drying rate and falling drying rate periods. The impact of dryer operational conditions on the drying process is numerically investigated.

Since 2013, Vietnam has implemented a plan to reform the whole education sector. However, there is little understanding on the status of educational research in Vietnam, which may lay the foundation for such plan. Thus, this research aims to analyze the whole picture of educational research from Vietnam, as seen from the Clarivate Web of Science (WOS) database: 215 publications were recorded, ranging from 1991 to 2018. These 215 publications were further analyzed from five perspectives: 1) number of publications by year; 2) research fields and levels of education; 3) top institutions with the highest number of publications; 4) international collaboration; and 5) quality. Some of the most notable results are: 1) the educational sciences in Vietnam have been still under-developed until recently; 2) among different research topics research among educational sciences, some (e.g., Vocational Education and Training or Early Childhood Education) seemed to be overlooked whereas others (e.g., Higher Education and Teaching and Learning) seemed to receive more attention from educational scholars; 3) all the most major education -- specialized universities did not appear among the top five institutions with highest number of publications; 4) Australia, Thailand, the USA, New Zealand and China were the countries with the highest number of co-publications with Vietnamese researchers; and 5) The majority of publications belonged to low-ranked journals. Implications would be withdrawn for Vietnamese policymakers, education leaders, educational researchers and teachers in order to adjust their policies and/or action plans; thus, enhancing the performance and impacts of educational research in the future.

Abstract The pathological outcome of dengue disease results from complex interactions between dengue virus (DENV) and host genetics and immune response. Complement receptor types 1 and 2 (CR1 and CR2) mediate complement activation through the alternative pathway. This study investigated the possible association of genetic polymorphisms and plasma levels of CR1 and CR2 with dengue disease. A total of 267 dengue patients and 133 healthy controls were recruited for this study. CR1 and CR2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, while plasma CR1 and CR2 levels were measured by ELISA. The frequency of the CR1 minor allele rs6691117G was lower in dengue patients and those with severe dengue compared to healthy controls. Plasma CR1 and CR2 levels were decreased in dengue patients compared to healthy controls (P

The context of the implementation of the renovation of the 2018 General Education Program has been posing a requirement to improve the roles and responsibilities of educational institution management staff, including primary school administrators, following the trend of decentralization of management, strengthening the autonomy and accountability of schools in implementing educational plans. However, the current situation of the quality of management staff is still inconsistent with the program requirements. Stemming from the actual context, the article proposes measures to improve the roles and responsibilities of primary school administrators to meet the requirements of the 2018 General Education Program.

AbstractMapping the boundaries of subsurface geological structures constitutes a fundamental aspect of interpreting gravity data. Various methods relying on gravity derivatives have been introduced to delineate these boundaries. However, these approaches are not without their limitations, often leading to the generation of false edges or resulting in divergent outcomes. This article introduces a novel method that utilizes the power law approach and balanced total horizontal derivative for mapping gravity data edges. To assess the robustness of the proposed technique, we conducted tests on model examples and applied it to a real case study in northwest Vietnam. The results demonstrate that our method can accurately and clearly map edges in comparison to existing methodologies, while also preventing the generation of spurious edges in the output maps.

In today's uncertain business setting, the intensity of rivalry amongst service firms requires a high level of quality and adaptability from service staff to fulfill increasing customer needs and wants. Indeed, every individual's ability to adjust to changing demands is vital for management to promote within their companies. The present study proposes and tests a novel self-regulatory adapting mechanism to examine the conditions within which service staff might activate their ambidextrous behavior which can be beneficial for their proactive service performance. Based on Trait Activation theory (TAT), Individual Adaptability Theory, and Job demands-resources theory, we analyze the direct and mediating effects of certain personal characteristics (Proactive Personality) and initiatives (Playful work design and Uncertainty adaptability) to activate the ambidextrous mode of employees toward higher proactive service performance. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data from 368 frontline banking employees in all three regions of Vietnam. Practically, the results and recommendations from this study will assist in the hands-on management and motivation of service representatives toward better proactive performance.