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International audience; MOUVE project and the LIFLOD network are developing a research focused on the better understanding of the mental models about livestock at local scale, with the goal to report the results at global scale. The authors present the results based on a set of 13 sites selected according to: (1) the interest of the local team; (2) significance of the local context, and its representation of the diversity at global scale. The sites are located in South America, Europe, North and West Africa, South-East Asia and China. Data collection used interviews with local people involve in livestock sector: farmers, traders, unions, agro-industries, development agencies, local governance or regional policymakers, NGO representatives. The collected information concerns: functions of livestock, points of view on past, current situation and future of livestock sector in the area, main factors of change, themes of debate at local scale, livestock farming systems in the future and position on environmental issues. Results relates to: (1) the diversity of the functions of livestock;(2) the diversity of the mental models between the sites linked to the local contexts and the contrasts between the sites; (3) the similarities between the sites, more particularly between the groups of local people (i.e agroindustries) but not within farmers; (4) common representations: environmental sector has a critical position about the livestock impacts, livestock subsector usually wants to improve the farming productivity, and local governance tries to find a consensual positions. The results give a great overview about the diversity of the mental models, especially the difference into and between the sites and the groups of local people.; absent

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Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the main health issues in sheep breeding. To identify loci affecting the resistance to Haemonchus contortus, a genome scan was carried out using 1,275 Romane × Martinik Black Belly backcross lambs. The entire population was challenged with Haemonchus contortus in 2 consecutive experimental infections, and fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volumes were measured. A subgroup of 332 lambs with extreme FEC was necropsied to determine the total worm burden, length of female worms, sex ratio in the worm population, abomasal pH, and serum and mucosal G immunoglobulins (IgG) responses. Pepsinogen concentration was measured in another subset of 229 lambs. For QTL detection, 160 microsatellite markers were used as well as the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip that provided 42,469 SNP markers after quality control. Linkage, association, and joint linkage and association analyses were performed with the QTLMAP software. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated within each pure breed, and association analyses were carried out either considering or not the breed origin of the haplotypes. Four QTL regions on sheep chromosomes (OAR)5, 12, 13, and 21 were identified as key players among many other QTL with small to moderate effects. A QTL on OAR21 affecting pepsinogen concentration exactly matched the pepsinogen (PGA5) locus. A 10-Mbp region affecting FEC after the 1st and 2nd infections was found on OAR12. The SNP markers outperformed microsatellites in the linkage analysis. Taking advantage of the LD helped to refine the locations of the QTL mapped on OAR5 and 13.