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1. Building use‐inspired species distribution models: Using multiple data types to examine and improve model performance

Author

Braun, Camrin D, Arostegui, Martin C, Farchadi, Nima, Alexander, Michael, Afonso, Pedro, Allyn, Andrew, Bograd, Steven J, Brodie, Stephanie, Crear, Daniel P, Culhane, Emmett F, Curtis, Tobey H, Hazen, Elliott L, Kerney, Alex, Lezama‐Ochoa, Nerea, Mills, Katherine E, Pugh, Dylan, Queiroz, Nuno, Scott, James D, Skomal, Gregory B, Sims, David W, Thorrold, Simon R, Welch, Heather, Young‐Morse, Riley, and Lewison, Rebecca L

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Management, Environmental Sciences, Life Below Water, climate change, ecological forecasting, highly migratory species, prediction, spatial ecology, species distribution models, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are becoming an important tool for marine conservation and management. Yet while there is an increasing diversity and volume of marine biodiversity data for training SDMs, little practical guidance is available on how to leverage distinct data types to build robust models. We explored the effect of different data types on the fit, performance and predictive ability of SDMs by comparing models trained with four data types for a heavily exploited pelagic fish, the blue shark (Prionace glauca), in the Northwest Atlantic: two fishery dependent (conventional mark-recapture tags, fisheries observer records) and two fishery independent (satellite-linked electronic tags, pop-up archival tags). We found that all four data types can result in robust models, but differences among spatial predictions highlighted the need to consider ecological realism in model selection and interpretation regardless of data type. Differences among models were primarily attributed to biases in how each data type, and the associated representation of absences, sampled the environment and summarized the resulting species distributions. Outputs from model ensembles and a model trained on all pooled data both proved effective for combining inferences across data types and provided more ecologically realistic predictions than individual models. Our results provide valuable guidance for practitioners developing SDMs. With increasing access to diverse data sources, future work should further develop truly integrative modeling approaches that can explicitly leverage the strengths of individual data types while statistically accounting for limitations, such as sampling biases.

Published
2023

3. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment

Author

Bates, Amanda E, Primack, Richard B, Biggar, Brandy S, Bird, Tomas J, Clinton, Mary E, Command, Rylan J, Richards, Cerren, Shellard, Marc, Geraldi, Nathan R, Vergara, Valeria, Acevedo-Charry, Orlando, Colón-Piñeiro, Zuania, Ocampo, David, Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, Sánchez-Clavijo, Lina M, Adamescu, Cristian M, Cheval, Sorin, Racoviceanu, Tudor, Adams, Matthew D, Kalisa, Egide, Kuuire, Vincent Z, Aditya, Vikram, Anderwald, Pia, Wiesmann, Samuel, Wipf, Sonja, Badihi, Gal, Henderson, Matthew G, Loetscher, Hanspeter, Baerenfaller, Katja, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bulleri, Fabio, Bertocci, Iacopo, Maggi, Elena, Rindi, Luca, Ravaglioli, Chiara, Boerder, Kristina, Bonnel, Julien, Mathias, Delphine, Archambault, Philippe, Chauvaud, Laurent, Braun, Camrin D, Thorrold, Simon R, Brownscombe, Jacob W, Midwood, Jonathan D, Boston, Christine M, Brooks, Jill L, Cooke, Steven J, China, Victor, Roll, Uri, Belmaker, Jonathan, Zvuloni, Assaf, Coll, Marta, Ortega, Miquel, Connors, Brendan, Lacko, Lisa, Jayathilake, Dinusha RM, Costello, Mark J, Crimmins, Theresa M, Barnett, LoriAnne, Denny, Ellen G, Gerst, Katharine L, Marsh, RL, Posthumus, Erin E, Rodriguez, Reilly, Rosemartin, Alyssa, Schaffer, Sara N, Switzer, Jeff R, Wong, Kevin, Cunningham, Susan J, Sumasgutner, Petra, Amar, Arjun, Thomson, Robert L, Stofberg, Miqkayla, Hofmeyr, Sally, Suri, Jessleena, Stuart-Smith, Rick D, Day, Paul B, Edgar, Graham J, Cooper, Antonia T, De Leo, Fabio Cabrera, Garner, Grant, Brisay, Paulson G Des, Schrimpf, Michael B, Koper, Nicola, Diamond, Michael S, Dwyer, Ross G, Baker, Cameron J, Franklin, Craig E, Efrat, Ron, Berger-Tal, Oded, Hatzofe, Ohad, Eguíluz, Víctor M, Rodríguez, Jorge P, Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Elustondo, David, Calatayud, Vicent, English, Philina A, Archer, Stephanie K, Dudas, Sarah E, and Haggarty, Dana R

Subjects
Life on Land, Pandemic, Biodiversity, Restoration, Global monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.

Published
2021

5. Metabarcoding and morphological analysis of diets of mesopelagic fishes in the NW Atlantic Slope Water.

Author

Bucklin, Ann, Batta-Lona, Paola G., Questel, Jennifer M., McMonagle, Helena, Wojcicki, Melissa, Llopiz, Joel K., Glancy, Sarah, Caiger, Paul E., Francolini, Rene, Govindarajan, Annette, Thorrold, Simon R., Jech, Michael, and Wiebe, Peter H.

Subjects
MESOPELAGIC zone, MULTIVARIATE analysis, MARINE fishes, MARINE biomass, HYPERVARIABLE regions
Abstract

DNA metabarcoding and morphological taxonomic (microscopic) analysis of the gut contents was used to examine diet diversity of seven species of fishes collected from mesopelagic depths (200-1000 m) in the NW Atlantic Ocean Slope Water during Summer 2018 and 2019. Metabarcoding used two gene regions: V9 hypervariable region of nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI). V9 sequences were classified into 14 invertebrate prey groups, excluding fish due to predator swamping. Ecological network analysis was used to evaluate relative strengths of predator-prey linkages. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed consistently distinct diets of four fish species in 2018 and/or 2019: Argyropelecus aculeatus, Chauliodus sloani, Hygophum hygomii, and Sigmops elongatus. Three other species analyzed (Malacosteus niger, Nemichthys scolopaceus, and Scopelogadus beanii) showed more variability between sampling years. COI sequences were classified into eight invertebrate prey groups, within which prey species were detected and identified. Considering all predator species together, a total of 77 prey species were detected with a minimum of 1,000 COI sequences, including 22 copepods, 18 euphausiids, and 7 amphipods. Morphological prey counts were classified into seven taxonomic groups, including a gelatinous group comprised of soft-bodied organisms. The ocean twilight zone or is home to exceptional diversity and biomass of marine fish, which are key players in deep sea food webs. This study used integrative morphological-molecular analysis to provide new insights into trophic relationships and sources of productivity for mesopelagic fishes, including identification of key prey species, recognition of the importance of gelatinous prey, and characterization of differences in diet among fish predators in the NW Atlantic Slope Water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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7. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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9. Linking vertical movements of large pelagic predators with distribution patterns of biomass in the open ocean

Author

Braun, Camrin D., primary, Della Penna, Alice, additional, Arostegui, Martin C., additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Block, Barbara A., additional, Brown, Craig A., additional, Fontes, Jorge, additional, Furtado, Miguel, additional, Gallagher, Austin J., additional, Gaube, Peter, additional, Golet, Walter J., additional, Kneebone, Jeff, additional, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Mucientes, Gonzalo, additional, Orbesen, Eric S., additional, Queiroz, Nuno, additional, Shea, Brendan D., additional, Schratwieser, Jason, additional, Sims, David W., additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Snodgrass, Derke, additional, and Thorrold, Simon R., additional

Published
2023
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11. Building use-inspired species distribution models: using multiple data types to examine and improve model performance

Author

Braun, Camrin D., primary, Arostegui, Martin C., additional, Farchadi, Nima, additional, Alexander, Michael, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Allyn, Andrew, additional, Bograd, Steven J., additional, Brodie, Stephanie, additional, Crear, Daniel P., additional, Culhane, Emmett F., additional, Curtis, Tobey H., additional, Hazen, Elliott L., additional, Kerney, Alex, additional, Lezama-Ochoa, Nerea, additional, Mills, Katherine E., additional, Pugh, Dylan, additional, Queiroz, Nuno, additional, Scott, James D., additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Sims, David W., additional, Thorrold, Simon R., additional, Welch, Heather, additional, Young-Morse, Riley, additional, and Lewison, Rebecca, additional

Published
2023
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13. Spatio-temporal variability in white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) movement ecology during residency and migration phases in the western North Atlantic

Author

Franks, Bryan R., Tyminski, John P., Hussey, Nigel E., Braun, Camrin D., Newton, Alisa L., Thorrold, Simon R., Fischer, George C., McBride, Brett, Hueter, Robert, Franks, Bryan R., Tyminski, John P., Hussey, Nigel E., Braun, Camrin D., Newton, Alisa L., Thorrold, Simon R., Fischer, George C., McBride, Brett, and Hueter, Robert

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Franks, B. R., Tyminski, J. P., Hussey, N. E., Braun, C. D., Newton, A. L., Thorrold, S. R., Fischer, G. C., McBride, B., & Hueter, R. E. Spatio-temporal variability in white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) movement ecology during residency and migration phases in the western North Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 744202, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.744202., Understanding how mobile, marine predators use three-dimensional space over time is central to inform management and conservation actions. Combining tracking technologies can yield powerful datasets over multiple spatio-temporal scales to provide critical information for these purposes. For the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), detailed movement and migration information over ontogeny, including inter- and intra-annual variation in timing of movement phases, is largely unknown in the western North Atlantic (WNA), a relatively understudied area for this species. To address this need, we tracked 48 large juvenile to adult white sharks between 2012 and 2020, using a combination of satellite-linked and acoustic telemetry. Overall, WNA white sharks showed repeatable and predictable patterns in horizontal movements, although there was variation in these movements related to sex and size. While most sharks undertook an annual migratory cycle with the majority of time spent over the continental shelf, some individuals, particularly adult females, made extensive forays into the open ocean as far east as beyond the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Moreover, increased off-shelf use occurred with body size even though migration and residency phases were conserved. Summer residency areas included coastal Massachusetts and portions of Atlantic Canada, with individuals showing fidelity to specific regions over multiple years. An autumn/winter migration occurred with sharks moving rapidly south to overwintering residency areas in the southeastern United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, where they remained until the following spring/summer. While broad residency and migration periods were consistent, migratory timing varied among years and among individuals within years. White sharks monitored with pop-up satellite-linked archival tags made extensive use of the water column (0–872 m) and experienced a broad range of temperatures (−0.9 – 30.5°C), with evidence for differential vertical use, Primary funding for this work, including research shiptime, fishing operations, and acoustic and SPOT tags, was provided by OCEARCH and its sponsors. Funding for PSATs was provided by the Shark Foundation (Hai Siftung) and the Disney Conservation Fund. PSAT data analysis was supported by a grant from NOAA/National Sea Grant to RH. Support for RH’s contributions was provided by the Perry W. Gilbert Chair in Shark Research at Mote Marine Laboratory, NOAA, and OCEARCH.

Published
2023

23. Otolith Chemistry

Author

Thorrold, Simon R., Swearer, Stephen E., Nielsen, Jennifer L., editor, Green, Bridget S., editor, Mapstone, Bruce D., editor, Carlos, Gary, editor, and Begg, Gavin A., editor

Published
2009
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26. Regional variation in otolith geochemistry of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Newfoundland

Author

Stanley, Ryan R.E., DiBacco, Claudio, Thorrold, Simon R., Snelgrove, Paul V.R., Morris, Corey J., Gregory, Robert S., Campana, Steven E., and Bradbury, Ian R.

Subjects
Earth sciences
Abstract

We examined spatial variation in otolith geochemistry as a natural tag in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to resolve geographic patterns during early life history. Individuals from 54 inshore sites spanned five embayments in eastern Newfoundland. Otolith composition differed at all spatial scales and related inversely to spatial scale. Classification analysis revealed increasing discrimination at coarser spatial scales: site (26%-58%), bay (49%), and coast (76%). Assignment success declined by ~10% per added site with increasing sampling sites per bay, demonstrating fine-scale ( Nous avons examine la variabilite spatiale de la geochimie des otolites comme marqueur naturel chez les morues (Gadus morhua) juveniles, pour cerner les motifs de repartition geographique au debut de leur cycle de vie. Les individus provenaient de 54 sites cotiers dans cinq echancrures de l'est de Terre-Neuve. La composition des otolites variait a toutes les echelles spatiales et etait inversement reliee a l'echelle spatiale. L'analyse de classification a revele une augmentation de la discrimination parallelement a celle de l'echelle spatiale, comme suit : site (26-58 %), baie (49 %) et cote (76 %). Le succes d'affectation diminuait de ~10 % pour chaque site ajoute a mesure qu'augmentait le nombre de sites d'echantillonnage par baie, ce qui demontre une variation a petite echelle (, Introduction The extent of dispersal and survival to successful reproduction collectively determine the geographic scale of natural populations (Cowen et al. 2006; Hastings and Botsford 2006; Pineda et al. 2010). [...]

Published
2016
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27. Movements of the reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) in the Red Sea using satellite and acoustic telemetry

Author

Braun, Camrin D., Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., and Berumen, Michael L.

Subjects
Spatial behavior in animals -- Observations, Biological sciences
Abstract

Populations of mobulid rays are declining globally through a combination of directed fisheries and indirect anthropogenic threats. Understanding the movement ecology of these rays remains an important priority for devising appropriate conservation measures throughout the world's oceans. We sought to determine manta movements across several temporal and spatial scales with a focus on quantifying site fidelity and seasonality in the northern Farasan Banks, Red Sea. We fitted manta rays with acoustic transmitters (n = 9) and pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags (n = 9), including four with GPS capability (Fastloc), during spring 2011 and 2012. We deployed an extensive array of acoustic receivers (n = 67) to record movements of tagged mantas in the study area. All acoustically tagged individuals traveled frequently among high-use receiver locations and reefs and demonstrated fidelity to specific sites within the array. Estimated and realized satellite tag data indicated regional movements, Author(s): Camrin D. Braun[sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Gregory B. Skomal[sup.4], Simon R. Thorrold[sup.5], Michael L. Berumen[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, [...]

Published
2015
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28. Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Author

Andrzejaczek, Samantha, primary, Lucas, Tim C.D., additional, Goodman, Maurice C., additional, Hussey, Nigel E., additional, Armstrong, Amelia J., additional, Carlisle, Aaron, additional, Coffey, Daniel M., additional, Gleiss, Adrian C., additional, Huveneers, Charlie, additional, Jacoby, David M. P., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Mourier, Johann, additional, Peel, Lauren R., additional, Abrantes, Kátya, additional, Afonso, André S., additional, Ajemian, Matthew J., additional, Anderson, Brooke N., additional, Anderson, Scot D., additional, Araujo, Gonzalo, additional, Armstrong, Asia O., additional, Bach, Pascal, additional, Barnett, Adam, additional, Bennett, Mike B., additional, Bezerra, Natalia A., additional, Bonfil, Ramon, additional, Boustany, Andre M., additional, Bowlby, Heather D., additional, Branco, Ilka, additional, Braun, Camrin D., additional, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Brown, Judith, additional, Burke, Patrick J., additional, Butcher, Paul, additional, Castleton, Michael, additional, Chapple, Taylor K., additional, Chateau, Olivier, additional, Clarke, Maurice, additional, Coelho, Rui, additional, Cortes, Enric, additional, Couturier, Lydie I. E., additional, Cowley, Paul D., additional, Croll, Donald A., additional, Cuevas, Juan M., additional, Curtis, Tobey H., additional, Dagorn, Laurent, additional, Dale, Jonathan J., additional, Daly, Ryan, additional, Dewar, Heidi, additional, Doherty, Philip D., additional, Domingo, Andrés, additional, Dove, Alistair D. M., additional, Drew, Michael, additional, Dudgeon, Christine L., additional, Duffy, Clinton A. J., additional, Elliott, Riley G., additional, Ellis, Jim R., additional, Erdmann, Mark V., additional, Farrugia, Thomas J., additional, Ferreira, Luciana C., additional, Ferretti, Francesco, additional, Filmalter, John D., additional, Finucci, Brittany, additional, Fischer, Chris, additional, Fitzpatrick, Richard, additional, Forget, Fabien, additional, Forsberg, Kerstin, additional, Francis, Malcolm P., additional, Franks, Bryan R., additional, Gallagher, Austin J., additional, Galvan-Magana, Felipe, additional, García, Mirta L., additional, Gaston, Troy F., additional, Gillanders, Bronwyn M., additional, Gollock, Matthew J., additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Green, Sofia, additional, Griffiths, Christopher A., additional, Hammerschlag, Neil, additional, Hasan, Abdi, additional, Hawkes, Lucy A., additional, Hazin, Fabio, additional, Heard, Matthew, additional, Hearn, Alex, additional, Hedges, Kevin J., additional, Henderson, Suzanne M., additional, Holdsworth, John, additional, Holland, Kim N., additional, Howey, Lucy A., additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Humphries, Nicholas E., additional, Hutchinson, Melanie, additional, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., additional, Jorgensen, Salvador J., additional, Kanive, Paul E., additional, Labaja, Jessica, additional, Lana, Fernanda O., additional, Lassauce, Hugo, additional, Lipscombe, Rebecca S., additional, Llewellyn, Fiona, additional, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Mambrasar, Ronald, additional, McAllister, Jaime D., additional, McCully Phillips, Sophy R., additional, McGregor, Frazer, additional, McMillan, Matthew N., additional, McNaughton, Lianne M., additional, Mendonça, Sibele A., additional, Meyer, Carl G., additional, Meyers, Megan, additional, Mohan, John A., additional, Montgomery, John C., additional, Mucientes, Gonzalo, additional, Musyl, Michael K., additional, Nasby-Lucas, Nicole, additional, Natanson, Lisa J., additional, O’Sullivan, John B., additional, Oliveira, Paulo, additional, Papastamtiou, Yannis P., additional, Patterson, Toby A., additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Queiroz, Nuno, additional, Radford, Craig A., additional, Richardson, Andy J., additional, Richardson, Anthony J., additional, Righton, David, additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Royer, Mark A., additional, Saunders, Ryan A., additional, Schaber, Matthias, additional, Schallert, Robert J., additional, Scholl, Michael C., additional, Seitz, Andrew C., additional, Semmens, Jayson M., additional, Setyawan, Edy, additional, Shea, Brendan D., additional, Shidqi, Rafid A., additional, Shillinger, George L., additional, Shipley, Oliver N., additional, Shivji, Mahmood S., additional, Sianipar, Abraham B., additional, Silva, Joana F., additional, Sims, David W., additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Sousa, Lara L., additional, Southall, Emily J., additional, Spaet, Julia L. Y., additional, Stehfest, Kilian M., additional, Stevens, Guy, additional, Stewart, Joshua D., additional, Sulikowski, James A., additional, Syakurachman, Ismail, additional, Thorrold, Simon R., additional, Thums, Michele, additional, Tickler, David, additional, Tolloti, Mariana T., additional, Townsend, Kathy A., additional, Travassos, Paulo, additional, Tyminski, John P., additional, Vaudo, Jeremy J., additional, Veras, Drausio, additional, Wantiez, Laurent, additional, Weber, Sam B., additional, Wells, R.J. David, additional, Weng, Kevin C., additional, Wetherbee, Bradley M., additional, Williamson, Jane E., additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, Wright, Serena, additional, Zilliacus, Kelly, additional, Block, Barbara A., additional, and Curnick, David J., additional

Published
2022
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31. Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Author

Andrzejaczek, Samantha, Lucas, Tim C.D., Goodman, Maurice C., Hussey, Nigel E., Armstrong, Amelia J., Carlisle, Aaron, Coffey, Daniel M., Gleiss, Adrian C., Huveneers, Charlie, Jacoby, David M. P., Meekan, Mark G., Mourier, Johann, Peel, Lauren R., Abrantes, Kátya, Afonso, André S., Ajemian, Matthew J., Anderson, Brooke N., Anderson, Scot D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Armstrong, Asia O., Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bennett, Mike B., Bezerra, Natalia A., Bonfil, Ramon, Boustany, Andre M., Bowlby, Heather D., Branco, Ilka, Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, Judith, Burke, Patrick J., Butcher, Paul, Castleton, Michael, Chapple, Taylor K., Chateau, Olivier, Clarke, Maurice, Coelho, Rui, Cortes, Enric, Couturier, Lydie I. E., Cowley, Paul D., Croll, Donald A., Cuevas, Juan M., Curtis, Tobey H., Dagorn, Laurent, Dale, Jonathan J., Daly, Ryan, Dewar, Heidi, Doherty, Philip D., Domingo, Andrés, Dove, Alistair D. M., Drew, Michael, Dudgeon, Christine L., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Elliott, Riley G., Ellis, Jim R., Erdmann, Mark V., Farrugia, Thomas J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Finucci, Brittany, Fischer, Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Forget, Fabien, Forsberg, Kerstin, Francis, Malcolm P., Franks, Bryan R., Gallagher, Austin J., Galvan-Magana, Felipe, García, Mirta L., Gaston, Troy F., Gillanders, Bronwyn M., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Green, Sofia, Griffiths, Christopher A., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hasan, Abdi, Hawkes, Lucy A., Hazin, Fabio, Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex, Hedges, Kevin J., Henderson, Suzanne M., Holdsworth, John, Holland, Kim N., Howey, Lucy A., Hueter, Robert E., Humphries, Nicholas E., Hutchinson, Melanie, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Kanive, Paul E., Labaja, Jessica, Lana, Fernanda O., Lassauce, Hugo, Lipscombe, Rebecca S., Llewellyn, Fiona, Macena, Bruno C. L., Mambrasar, Ronald, McAllister, Jaime D., McCully Phillips, Sophy R., McGregor, Frazer, McMillan, Matthew N., McNaughton, Lianne M., Mendonça, Sibele A., Meyer, Carl G., Meyers, Megan, Mohan, John A., Montgomery, John C., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Musyl, Michael K., Nasby-Lucas, Nicole, Natanson, Lisa J., O’Sullivan, John B., Oliveira, Paulo, Papastamtiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Pierce, Simon J., Queiroz, Nuno, Radford, Craig A., Richardson, Andy J., Richardson, Anthony J., Righton, David, Rohner, Christoph A., Royer, Mark A., Saunders, Ryan A., Schaber, Matthias, Schallert, Robert J., Scholl, Michael C., Seitz, Andrew C., Semmens, Jayson M., Setyawan, Edy, Shea, Brendan D., Shidqi, Rafid A., Shillinger, George L., Shipley, Oliver N., Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Silva, Joana F., Sims, David W., Skomal, Gregory B., Sousa, Lara L., Southall, Emily J., Spaet, Julia L. Y., Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, Guy, Stewart, Joshua D., Sulikowski, James A., Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Thums, Michele, Tickler, David, Tolloti, Mariana T., Townsend, Kathy A., Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vaudo, Jeremy J., Veras, Drausio, Wantiez, Laurent, Weber, Sam B., Wells, R.J. David, Weng, Kevin C., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Williamson, Jane E., Witt, Matthew J., Wright, Serena, Zilliacus, Kelly, Block, Barbara A., Curnick, David J., Andrzejaczek, Samantha, Lucas, Tim C.D., Goodman, Maurice C., Hussey, Nigel E., Armstrong, Amelia J., Carlisle, Aaron, Coffey, Daniel M., Gleiss, Adrian C., Huveneers, Charlie, Jacoby, David M. P., Meekan, Mark G., Mourier, Johann, Peel, Lauren R., Abrantes, Kátya, Afonso, André S., Ajemian, Matthew J., Anderson, Brooke N., Anderson, Scot D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Armstrong, Asia O., Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bennett, Mike B., Bezerra, Natalia A., Bonfil, Ramon, Boustany, Andre M., Bowlby, Heather D., Branco, Ilka, Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, Judith, Burke, Patrick J., Butcher, Paul, Castleton, Michael, Chapple, Taylor K., Chateau, Olivier, Clarke, Maurice, Coelho, Rui, Cortes, Enric, Couturier, Lydie I. E., Cowley, Paul D., Croll, Donald A., Cuevas, Juan M., Curtis, Tobey H., Dagorn, Laurent, Dale, Jonathan J., Daly, Ryan, Dewar, Heidi, Doherty, Philip D., Domingo, Andrés, Dove, Alistair D. M., Drew, Michael, Dudgeon, Christine L., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Elliott, Riley G., Ellis, Jim R., Erdmann, Mark V., Farrugia, Thomas J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Finucci, Brittany, Fischer, Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Forget, Fabien, Forsberg, Kerstin, Francis, Malcolm P., Franks, Bryan R., Gallagher, Austin J., Galvan-Magana, Felipe, García, Mirta L., Gaston, Troy F., Gillanders, Bronwyn M., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Green, Sofia, Griffiths, Christopher A., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hasan, Abdi, Hawkes, Lucy A., Hazin, Fabio, Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex, Hedges, Kevin J., Henderson, Suzanne M., Holdsworth, John, Holland, Kim N., Howey, Lucy A., Hueter, Robert E., Humphries, Nicholas E., Hutchinson, Melanie, Jaine, Fabrice R. A., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Kanive, Paul E., Labaja, Jessica, Lana, Fernanda O., Lassauce, Hugo, Lipscombe, Rebecca S., Llewellyn, Fiona, Macena, Bruno C. L., Mambrasar, Ronald, McAllister, Jaime D., McCully Phillips, Sophy R., McGregor, Frazer, McMillan, Matthew N., McNaughton, Lianne M., Mendonça, Sibele A., Meyer, Carl G., Meyers, Megan, Mohan, John A., Montgomery, John C., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Musyl, Michael K., Nasby-Lucas, Nicole, Natanson, Lisa J., O’Sullivan, John B., Oliveira, Paulo, Papastamtiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Pierce, Simon J., Queiroz, Nuno, Radford, Craig A., Richardson, Andy J., Richardson, Anthony J., Righton, David, Rohner, Christoph A., Royer, Mark A., Saunders, Ryan A., Schaber, Matthias, Schallert, Robert J., Scholl, Michael C., Seitz, Andrew C., Semmens, Jayson M., Setyawan, Edy, Shea, Brendan D., Shidqi, Rafid A., Shillinger, George L., Shipley, Oliver N., Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Silva, Joana F., Sims, David W., Skomal, Gregory B., Sousa, Lara L., Southall, Emily J., Spaet, Julia L. Y., Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, Guy, Stewart, Joshua D., Sulikowski, James A., Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Thums, Michele, Tickler, David, Tolloti, Mariana T., Townsend, Kathy A., Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vaudo, Jeremy J., Veras, Drausio, Wantiez, Laurent, Weber, Sam B., Wells, R.J. David, Weng, Kevin C., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Williamson, Jane E., Witt, Matthew J., Wright, Serena, Zilliacus, Kelly, Block, Barbara A., and Curnick, David J.

Abstract

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.

Published
2022

32. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Womersley, F. C., Humphries, N. E., Queiroz, N., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Furtado, M., Tyminski, J. P., Abrantes, K., Araujo, G., Bach, S. S., Barnett, A., Berumen, M. L., Bessudo Lion, S., Braun, C. D., Clingham, E., Cochran, J. E. M., de la Parra, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A. D. M., Dudgeon, C. L., Erdmann, M. V., Espinoza, E., Fitzpatrick, R., González Cano, J., Green, J. R., Guzman, H. M., Hardenstine, R., Hasan, A., Hazin, F. H. V., Hearn, A. R., Hueter, R. E., Jaidah, M. Y., Labaja, J., Ladinol, F., Macena, B. C. L., Morris Jr., J. J., Norman, B. M., Peñaherrera-Palmav, C., Pierce, S. J., Quintero, L. M., Ramırez-Macías, D., Reynolds, S. D., Richardson, A. J., Robinson, D. P., Rohner, C. A., Rowat, D. R. L., Sheaves, M., Shivji, M. S., Sianipar, A. B., Skomal, G. B., Soler, G., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S. R., Webb, D. H., Wetherbee, B. M., White, T. D., Clavelle, T., Kroodsma, D. A., Thums, M., Ferreira, L. C., Meekan, M. G., Arrowsmith, L. M., Lester, E. K., Meyers, M. M., Peel, L. R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Eguıluz, V. M., Duarte, C. M., & Sims, D. W. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(20), (2022): e2117440119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119., Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., Funding for data analysis was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through a University of Southampton INSPIRE DTP PhD Studentship to F.C.W. Additional funding for data analysis was provided by NERC Discovery Science (NE/R00997/X/1) and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) to D.W.S., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/BIA/28855/2017 and COMPETE POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028855, and MARINFO–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000031 (funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program [NORTE2020] under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund–ERDF) to N.Q. FCT also supported N.Q. (CEECIND/02857/2018) and M.V. (PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017). D.W.S. was supported by a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship. All tagging procedures were approved by institutional ethical review bodies and complied with all relevant ethical regulations in the jurisdictions in which they were performed. Details for individual research teams are given in SI Appendix, section 8. Full acknowledgments for tagging and field research are given in SI Appendix, section 7. This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (https://www.globalsharkmovement.org).

Published
2022

33. Increasing coral reef resilience through successive marine heatwaves

Author

Fox, Michael D., Cohen, Anne L., Rotjan, Randi, Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Sandin, Stuart A., Smith, Jennifer E., Thorrold, Simon R., Dissly, Laura, Mollica, Nathaniel R., Obura, David, Fox, Michael D., Cohen, Anne L., Rotjan, Randi, Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Sandin, Stuart A., Smith, Jennifer E., Thorrold, Simon R., Dissly, Laura, Mollica, Nathaniel R., and Obura, David

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 48(17), (2021): e2021GL094128, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094128., Ocean warming is causing declines of coral reefs globally, raising critical questions about the potential for corals to adapt. In the central equatorial Pacific, reefs persisting through recurrent El Niño heatwaves hold important clues. Using an 18-year record of coral cover spanning three major bleaching events, we show that the impact of thermal stress on coral mortality within the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) has lessened over time. Disproportionate survival of extreme thermal stress during the 2009–2010 and 2015–2016 heatwaves, relative to that in 2002–2003, suggests that selective mortality through successive heatwaves may help shape coral community responses to future warming. Identifying and facilitating the conditions under which coral survival and recovery can keep pace with rates of warming are essential first steps toward successful stewardship of coral reefs under 21st century climate change., Support was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) 1737311 to A. L. Cohen; The Atlantic Donor Advised Fund to A. L. Cohen; a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution post-doctoral scholarship to M. D. Fox; the Robertson Foundation, The Prince Albert Foundation, the New England Aquarium, and the Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund.

Published
2022

34. Pieces in a global puzzle: population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean

Author

Hardenstine, Royale S., He, Song, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Braun, Camrin D., Cagua, E. Fernando, Pierce, Simon J., Prebble, Clare E. M., Rohner, Christoph A., Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo, Sinclair-Taylor, Tane H., Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Watts, Alexandra M., Zakroff, Casey, Berumen, Michael L., Hardenstine, Royale S., He, Song, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Braun, Camrin D., Cagua, E. Fernando, Pierce, Simon J., Prebble, Clare E. M., Rohner, Christoph A., Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo, Sinclair-Taylor, Tane H., Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Watts, Alexandra M., Zakroff, Casey, and Berumen, Michael L.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hardenstine, R., He, S., Cochran, J., Braun, C., Cagua, E., Pierce, S., Prebble, C., Rohner, C., Saenz‐Angudelo, P., Sinclair‐Taylor, T., Skomal, G., Thorrold, S., Watts, A., Zakroff, C., & Berumen, M. Pieces in a global puzzle: population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean. Ecology and Evolution, 12(1), (2022): e8492, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8492., The whale shark Rhincodon typus is found throughout the world's tropical and warm-temperate ocean basins. Despite their broad physical distribution, research on the species has been concentrated at a few aggregation sites. Comparing DNA sequences from sharks at different sites can provide a demographically neutral understanding of the whale shark's global ecology. Here, we created genetic profiles for 84 whale sharks from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea and 72 individuals from the coast of Tanzania using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial sequences. These two sites, separated by approximately 4500 km (shortest over-water distance), exhibit markedly different population demographics and behavioral ecologies. Eleven microsatellite DNA markers revealed that the two aggregation sites have similar levels of allelic richness and appear to be derived from the same source population. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region to produce multiple global haplotype networks (based on different alignment methodologies) that were broadly similar to each other in terms of population structure but suggested different demographic histories. Data from both microsatellite and mitochondrial markers demonstrated the stability of genetic diversity within the Saudi Arabian aggregation site throughout the sampling period. These results contrast previously measured declines in diversity at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Mapping the geographic distribution of whale shark lineages provides insight into the species’ connectivity and can be used to direct management efforts at both local and global scales. Similarly, understanding historical fluctuations in whale shark abundance provides a baseline by which to assess current trends. Continued development of new sequencing methods and the incorporation of genomic data could lead to considerable advances in the scientific understanding of whale shark population ecology and corresponding improvements to conservation policy., Work in Saudi Arabia was funded in part by KAUST baseline research funds (to MLB), KAUST award nos. USA00002 and KSA 00011 (to SRT), and the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 to SRT and GBS).

Published
2022

35. GlobalSharkMovement / GlobalCollisionRisk

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Repository containing derived data for the manuscript 'Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark'.

Published
2022

36. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., [Significance] Global vessel traffic is increasing alongside world economic growth. The potential for rising lethal ship strikes on endangered species of marine megafauna, such as the plankton-feeding whale shark, remains poorly understood since areas of highest overlap are seldom determined across an entire species range. Here we show how satellite tracking whale sharks and large vessel movements globally provides a means to localize high-overlap areas and to determine how collision risk changes in time. Our results point to potential high levels of undetected or unreported ship strikes, which may explain why whale shark populations continue to decline despite protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Collision mitigations in high-collision-risk areas appear necessary to help conserve this iconic species.

Published
2022

37. Increasing Coral Reef Resilience Through Successive Marine Heatwaves

Author

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography, Fox, Michael D., Cohen, Anne L., Rotjan, Randi D., Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Sandin, Stuart A., Smith, Jennifer E., Thorrold, Simon R., Dissly, Laura, Mollica, Nathan R., Obura, David, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography, Fox, Michael D., Cohen, Anne L., Rotjan, Randi D., Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Sandin, Stuart A., Smith, Jennifer E., Thorrold, Simon R., Dissly, Laura, Mollica, Nathan R., and Obura, David

Published
2022

38. Spatial segregation, dispersion and migration in early stages of polar cod Boreogadus saida revealed by otolith chemistry

Author

Bouchard, Caroline, Thorrold, Simon R., and Fortier, Louis

Subjects
Gadidae -- Distribution, Fish populations -- Distribution, Biological sciences
Abstract

Arctic marine food webs are centered on polar cod (Boreogadus saida), a small, largely pelagic gadid, which movement and migration remain unclear, especially for the early life stages. The present study examined the otolith chemistry of juvenile polar cod from six oceanographic regions of the Arctic Ocean in order to document patterns of spatial segregation, dispersion and migration during the species early life. The freshwater winter refuge hypothesis, suggesting that polar cod larvae start to hatch in winter in freshwater-influenced regions but only later in the season in purely marine regions, was also tested. Five elemental ratios (Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca) were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in three otolith zones representing the egg, larval and juvenile stages. The concentration of each of the five elements at the edge of the otoliths, corresponding to incorporation shortly before capture, was significantly correlated with surface salinity and temperature at capture site and date. Otolith chemistry differed between juveniles from freshwater-influenced regions (Laptev Sea, Hudson Bay Amundsen Gulf) and those from purely marine regions (Lancaster Sound, Baffin Bay, Frobisher Bay), in agreement with dissolved concentrations of at least some of the target elements in the Arctic Ocean. Discriminant function analyses including all five elements provided valuable information on the species population structure and dispersion of early stages. The correspondence between otolith Mn/Ca, Ba/Ca and vertical profiles of dissolved Mn and Ba in the water column may reflect the ontogenetic vertical migration of juvenile polar cod in late-summer and fall., Author(s): Caroline Bouchard[sup.1] , Simon R. Thorrold[sup.2] , Louis Fortier[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Quebec-Ocean, Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, G1V 0A6, Quebec, QC, Canada (2) Biology Department MS 50, Woods [...]

Published
2015
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39. Mothers matter: contribution to local replenishment is linked to female size, mate replacement and fecundity in a fish metapopulation

Author

Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo, Jones, Geoffrey P., Thorrold, Simon R., and Planes, Serge

Subjects
Nucleotide sequencing -- Research, Genetic research, DNA sequencing -- Research, Zoological research, Fish populations -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

A major assumption of marine population ecology and marine fisheries management is that female size is related to the number of eggs they produced, and therefore, to the number of recruits they produce. Yet, this assumption has seldom been tested. In the past, the difficulties associated with following the fate of individual larvae through the pelagic phase have precluded such analyses. Here, we used field estimates of reproduction combined with DNA profiling of all members of a wild population of the panda anemonefish (Amphiprion polymnus) over two consecutive years to investigate (1) the predictors of egg production and (2) the predictors of the number of recruits produced. We found that across one and two life history transitions, female size was a significant predictor of egg production, and egg production was a significant predictor of the number of recruits produced (when controlling for farness) respectively. When looking across three life history transitions, we found that large females and couples where no male replacement occurred were more likely to produce at least one recruit that settled within the local population than small females or females where the original male died and was replaced. However, we found no evidence supporting the hypothesis that larger females contributed numerically more recruits than smaller ones to local replenishment. These findings provide the first support for the common assumption that egg production is correlated with recruit production. They also suggest that the duration of partnership in anemonefishes couples might be an important factor in their population dynamics., Introduction Understanding the mechanisms generating variability in larval replenishment to local populations remains a critical question in marine ecology (Caley et al. 1996; Roughgarden et al. 1988; Underwood and Fairweather [...]

Published
2015
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42. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., primary, Humphries, Nicolas E., additional, Queiroz, Nuno, additional, Vedor, Marisa, additional, da Costa, Ivo, additional, Furtado, Miguel, additional, Tyminski, John P., additional, Abrantes, Katya, additional, Araujo, Gonzalo, additional, Bach, Steffen S., additional, Barnett, Adam, additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Bessudo Lion, Sandra, additional, Braun, Camrin D., additional, Clingham, Elizabeth, additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, de la Parra, Rafael, additional, Diamant, Stella, additional, Dove, Alistair D. M., additional, Dudgeon, Christine L., additional, Erdmann, Mark V., additional, Espinoza, Eduardo, additional, Fitzpatrick, Richard, additional, Cano, Jaime González, additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Guzman, Hector M., additional, Hardenstine, Royale, additional, Hasan, Abdi, additional, Hazin, Fábio H. V., additional, Hearn, Alex R., additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., additional, Labaja, Jessica, additional, Ladino, Felipe, additional, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Morris, John J., additional, Norman, Bradley M., additional, Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Quintero, Lina M., additional, Ramírez-Macías, Dení, additional, Reynolds, Samantha D., additional, Richardson, Anthony J., additional, Robinson, David P., additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Rowat, David R. L., additional, Sheaves, Marcus, additional, Shivji, Mahmood S., additional, Sianipar, Abraham B., additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Soler, German, additional, Syakurachman, Ismail, additional, Thorrold, Simon R., additional, Webb, D. Harry, additional, Wetherbee, Bradley M., additional, White, Timothy D., additional, Clavelle, Tyler, additional, Kroodsma, David A., additional, Thums, Michele, additional, Ferreira, Luciana C., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Arrowsmith, Lucy M., additional, Lester, Emily K., additional, Meyers, Megan M., additional, Peel, Lauren R., additional, Sequeira, Ana M. M., additional, Eguíluz, Victor M., additional, Duarte, Carlos M., additional, and Sims, David W., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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