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This paper discusses results from a small scale qualitative study of how primary and secondary schools in three English local authorities responded to the introduction and subsequent inspection of a legal duty to promote community cohesion, following a series of ‘race’ riots in 2001 and the London bombings of 2005. The policy itself is seen as reflecting wider discourse and is shown as shifting in focus during the period it was officially inspected between 2008 and 2011. Schools responded differentially to the duty and its inspection, with those in more multi-cultural areas responding with higher degrees of confidence than those in mono-ethnic areas. Some policy ‘slippage’ is seen to occur in the way schools re-framed the duty. Over time, most schools came to identify the curriculum and the school’s ethos as the most important weapons in their armoury. Teachers embraced the new duty with different degrees of enthusiasm – for some it confirmed the importance of holistic approaches to education which they felt had been sidelined in recent years, whilst other showed various forms of resistance. Teachers encountered some subtle and challenging professional dilemmas in the course of discharging the duty. Overall, the respondents in this study felt that the imposition of the duty and its inspection had been more of a benefit than a burden., JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 3-2012: Citizenship and Community

Cumple con los requisitos del programa de estudios sobre Ciudadanía en la etapa 4 de secundaria (key stage 4) y, también, sirve para la preparación de varios cursos del título General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE), concedido por el organismo OCR. Los objetivos de este programa son: dar las habilidades y conocimientos, que afectan a la gente en su vida cotidiana, como el derecho, la política y la economía, para ayudarles a entender mejor lo que pasa en la sociedad y en el complicado mundo en que vivimos. Y, también, ofrecer oportunidades para el debate, la acción práctica y la investigación. El libro está dividido en doce temas estructurados así: el estudio de un caso, basado en hechos reales, seguido de preguntas para la discusión y el debate, explicaciones y detalles de fondo y, por último, definiciones de palabras y de conceptos clave. SC Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es GBR

The design process, as defined by Pahl and Beitz (1988), is the intellectual attempt to meet certain demands in the best possible way. Early design phase is a critical part of a building project and decisions made through this phase lay the foundations for the construction phase. These involve the evaluation of alternative frame types fulfilling key constraints in order to come up with the optimum structural solution. Although the choice of frame is heavily influenced by the factors specific to that project, there are a number of issues that are commonly considered by project participants. These issues were addressed by means of literature review, semi-structured interviews and a workshop, to identify the most important factors in influencing structural frame selection. This paper reports on research which analysed postal questionnaires sent to cost consultants, project managers, and clients and established a ranking of ten issues for each stage of early design. The data collected were tested, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) through frequency and Spearman’s rho (ρ) analyses. Ten issues proved to be significant to the structural frame selection process; the statistical tests have established the agreement between cost consultants, clients and project managers in the rankings of these issues. Therefore, the paper concludes that these issues could be adopted as fundamental criteria for assessing and selecting the structural frame type for a building project during the early design phase.

Dentro de Gran Bretaña: Una guía sobre la constitución del Reino Unido que explica las reglas y el funcionamiento del gobierno, el parlamento y los tribunales y establece muchos de los derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos y el gobierno en Gran Bretaña incluyendo: los derechos a la libertad de expresión, la privacidad, la protesta y la ciudadanía, los poderes de la policía; el papel del Primer Ministro, el gabinete, la monarquía y el servicio civil; el Parlamento, el gobierno local, la Unión Europea y las elecciones; los tribunales, jueces y el sistema legal. sc Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es GBR