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1. Temporal dynamics influenced by global change: bee community phenology in urban, agricultural, and natural landscapes.

Author

Leong, Misha, Ponisio, Lauren C, Kremen, Claire, Thorp, Robbin W, and Roderick, George K

Subjects
Animals, Bees, Cities, Ecosystem, Seasons, Agriculture, California, Pollination, agricultural, bees, ecosystem services, land-use change, phenology, pollinators, seasonality, species distributions, urban ecology, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Urbanization and agricultural intensification of landscapes are important drivers of global change, which in turn have direct impacts on local ecological communities leading to shifts in species distributions and interactions. Here, we illustrate how human-altered landscapes, with novel ornamental and crop plant communities, result not only in changes to local community diversity of floral-dependent species, but also in shifts in seasonal abundance of bee pollinators. Three years of data on the spatio-temporal distributions of 91 bee species show that seasonal patterns of abundance and species richness in human-altered landscapes varied significantly less compared to natural habitats in which floral resources are relatively scarce in the dry summer months. These findings demonstrate that anthropogenic environmental changes in urban and agricultural systems, here mediated through changes in plant resources and water inputs, can alter the temporal dynamics of pollinators that depend on them. Changes in phenology of interactions can be an important, though frequently overlooked, mechanism of global change.

Published
2016

2. Contrasting patterns in species and functional‐trait diversity of bees in an agricultural landscape

Author

Forrest, Jessica RK, Thorp, Robbin W, Kremen, Claire, and Williams, Neal M

Subjects
Life Below Water, Life on Land, agroecosystems, Apoidea, biodiversity, ecosystem function, environmental filtering, functional traits, life history, organic farms, pollinators, species composition, Ecological Applications, Environmental Science and Management, Ecology
Abstract

Land-use change frequently reduces local species diversity. Species losses will often result in loss of trait diversity, with likely consequences for community functioning. However, the converse need not be generally true: management approaches that succeed in retaining species richness could nevertheless fail to maintain trait diversity. We evaluated this possibility using bee communities in a California agroecosystem. We examined among site patterns in bee species diversity and functional-trait diversity in a landscape composed of a mosaic of semi-natural habitat, organic farms and conventional farms. We sampled bees from all three habitat types and compiled a data base of life-history ('functional') traits for each species. Although species richness was higher on organic farms than conventional farms, functional diversity was lower in both farm types than in natural habitat. Nesting location (below-ground vs. above-ground) was the primary trait contributing to differences in functional diversity between farms and natural habitat, reflecting observed differences in availability of nesting substrates among habitat types. Other traits, including phenology and sociality, were also associated with species' occurrences or dominance in particular site types. These patterns suggest that management practices common to all farms act as environmental filters that cause similarly low functional diversity in their bee communities. Synthesis and applications. Although our results support the value of organic farming in maintaining abundant and species-rich bee communities, components of bee functional diversity are not well supported in farmed landscapes, regardless of farming practice. Maintenance of natural habitat, and/or the addition of natural habitat elements to farms, is therefore important for the retention of functionally diverse bee assemblages in agroecosystems. Although our results support the value of organic farming in maintaining abundant and species-rich bee communities, components of bee functional diversity are not well supported in farmed landscapes, regardless of farming practice. Maintenance of natural habitat, and/or the addition of natural habitat elements to farms, is therefore important for the retention of functionally diverse bee assemblages in agroecosystems.

Published
2015

6. Honey Bee Pollination of Cantaloupe, Cucumber, & Watermelon

Author

Mussen, Eric C and Thorp, Robbin W

Subjects
crop production, vegetable crops, vegetables
Abstract

Honey bees are vital to growing a successful cucurbit crop. Learn about timing, optimum conditions, and contracting with a beekeeper.

Published
1997

28. Contributors

Author

Acorn, John H., primary, Adams, Michael E., additional, Adler, Peter H., additional, Albuquerque, Gilberto S., additional, Alexander, Richard D., additional, Altstein, Miriam, additional, Andersen, Svend O., additional, Anderson, Norman H., additional, Andow, David A., additional, Antolin, Michael F., additional, Arensburger, Peter, additional, Arlian, Larry G., additional, Aspöck, Horst, additional, Aspöck, Ulrike, additional, Atkinson, Peter W., additional, Baumann, Arnd, additional, Beckage, Nancy E., additional, Bellinger, Peter, additional, Berenbaum, May R., additional, Berg, Martin B., additional, Bernays, Elizabeth A., additional, Björkman, Christer, additional, Black, Scott Hoffman, additional, Blair, Seth S., additional, Blenau, Wolfgang, additional, Blum, Murray S., additional, Bonning, Bryony C., additional, Bradley, Timothy J., additional, Brakefield, Paul M., additional, Brittain, John E., additional, Brower, Lincoln P., additional, Brune, Andreas, additional, Burkholder, Wendell E., additional, Byers, George W., additional, Cardé, Ring T., additional, Chapman, R.F., additional, Cheng, Lanna, additional, Christiansen, Kenneth A., additional, Clark, Thomas M., additional, Cochran, Donald G., additional, Cohen, Ephraim, additional, Ćokl, Andrej, additional, Courtney, Gregory W., additional, Covell, Charles V., additional, Craig, Catherine, additional, Crane, Eva, additional, Cranston, Peter S., additional, Crumly, Charles R., additional, Dahlem, Gregory A., additional, Dahlsten, Donald L., additional, DeFoliart, Gene R., additional, Denholm, Ian, additional, Denlinger, David L., additional, Devine, Gregor J., additional, Dickinson, Michael, additional, Dietrich, Christopher H., additional, Dingle, Hugh, additional, Douglas, Angela E., additional, Dowell, Robert V., additional, Dudley, Robert, additional, Edman, John D., additional, Eldridge, Bruce F., additional, Elkinton, Joseph S., additional, Engel, Michael S., additional, Erber, Joachim, additional, Federici, Brian A., additional, Feldman, Lewis J., additional, Ferreira, Clélia, additional, Foster, R. Nelson, additional, Frankie, Gordon W., additional, Franks, Nigel R., additional, French, Andrew S., additional, Futuyma, Douglas J., additional, Gentry, Erin C., additional, Gerry, Alec C., additional, Ghiradella, Helen, additional, Gillespie, Rosemary G., additional, Giribet, Gonzalo, additional, Goff, M. Lee, additional, Gordh, Gordon, additional, Gotthard, Karl, additional, Grbić, Miodrag, additional, Greenberg, Les, additional, Grimaldi, David, additional, Grossmann, Christin, additional, Gullan, Penny J., additional, Gwynne, Darryl T., additional, Hallman, Guy, additional, Hare, J. Daniel, additional, Harrison, Jon F., additional, Hastriter, Michael W., additional, Headrick, David H., additional, Heinrich, Bernd, additional, Held, David W., additional, Hellenthal, Ronald A., additional, Hendrichs, Jorge, additional, Henk, Adam D., additional, Hinkle, Nancy C., additional, Hoddle, M.S., additional, Hogue, James N., additional, Houck, Marilyn A., additional, Howarth, Francis G., additional, Hoy, Ron, additional, Hurd, Lawrence E., additional, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, additional, Irwin, Michael E., additional, Jander, Rudolf, additional, Janssens, Frans, additional, Jeanne, Robert L., additional, Joron, Mathieu, additional, Josephson, Robert, additional, Kampmeier, Gail E., additional, Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y., additional, Kanost, Michael R., additional, Kaplan, Alan I., additional, Keiper, Joe B., additional, Kennedy, George G., additional, Kirkendall, Lawrence R., additional, Klass, Klaus-Dieter, additional, Klotz, John, additional, Klowden, Marc J., additional, Koch, Markus, additional, Kogan, Marcos, additional, Kruess, Andreas, additional, Land, Michael F., additional, Lane, Robert S., additional, Leak, Stephen G.A., additional, Lee, Richard E., additional, Lehane, M.J., additional, Leppla, Norman C., additional, Leskosky, Richard J., additional, Lewis, Vernard R., additional, Liebherr, James K., additional, Liu, Paul Z., additional, Lloyd, James E., additional, Loudon, Catherine, additional, Lynn, Dwight E., additional, Majerus, Michael E.N., additional, Martin, Jon H., additional, Masaki, Sinzo, additional, Mason, Linda J., additional, Matsumura, Fumio, additional, McHugh, Joseph V., additional, Meinking, Terri L., additional, Merritt, Richard W., additional, Millar, Jocelyn G., additional, Miller, Thomas A., additional, Mills, Nick, additional, Mitchell, B.K., additional, Mockford, Edward L., additional, Moffett, Mark W., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Morse, John C., additional, Moulds, Max S., additional, Mound, Laurence A., additional, Mullens, Bradley A., additional, Nachtigall, Werner, additional, Nagy, Lisa, additional, Navajas, Maria, additional, Nedvěd, Oldřich, additional, New, Tim R., additional, Nishida, Gordon M., additional, Normark, Benjamin B., additional, O’Brochta, David A., additional, Oconnor, Barry M., additional, O’Donnell, Sean, additional, O’Grady, Patrick M., additional, Otte, Daniel, additional, Page, Terry L., additional, Paine, Timothy D., additional, Palmer, James O., additional, Papaj, Daniel R., additional, Pass, Günther, additional, Patel, Nipam H., additional, Pettersson, Mats W., additional, Pinto, John D., additional, Plarre, Rudy, additional, Platzer, Edward G., additional, Poinar, George, additional, Potter, Daniel A., additional, Powell, Jerry A., additional, Price, Roger D., additional, Prokopy, Ronald, additional, Purcell, Alexander H., additional, Quicke, Donald L.J., additional, Radovsky, Frank J., additional, Rankin, Susan M., additional, Reisen, William K., additional, Rentz, D.C.F., additional, Resh, Vincent H., additional, Riddiford, Lynn M., additional, Ridsdill-Smith, James, additional, Ritzmann, Roy E., additional, Robinson, Alan, additional, Robinson, Gene E., additional, Roderick, George K., additional, Rosenberg, David M., additional, Ross, Edward S., additional, Rust, Michael K., additional, Sartori, Michel, additional, Saul-Gershenz, Leslie, additional, Schaefer, Carl W., additional, Schick, Katherine N., additional, Schmidt, Justin O., additional, Scott, Michelle Pellissier, additional, Scott, Thomas W., additional, Scriber, J. Mark, additional, Sehnal, František, additional, Sherman, Irwin W., additional, Sherman, Ronald A., additional, Simberloff, Daniel, additional, Simmons, Leigh W., additional, Simpson, S.J., additional, Smedley, Scott R., additional, Smith, Edward H., additional, Sonenshine, Daniel E., additional, Sorensen, John T., additional, Spagna, Joseph C., additional, Sparks, Beverly, additional, Sperling, Felix A.H., additional, Statzner, Bernhard, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Stehr, Frederick W., additional, Stewart, Kenneth W., additional, Stiling, Peter, additional, Storer, Andrew J., additional, Stork, Nigel E., additional, Stouthamer, Richard, additional, Strand, Michael R., additional, Strausfeld, Nicholas J., additional, Sturm, Helmut, additional, Suarez, R.K., additional, Sullivan, Daniel J., additional, Takeda, Satoshi, additional, Tauber, Catherine A., additional, Tauber, Maurice J., additional, Taylor, Orley R., additional, Telfer, William H., additional, Tennessen, K.J., additional, Terra, Walter R., additional, Thies, Carsten, additional, Thompson, F. Christian, additional, Thompson, S.N., additional, Thorp, James H., additional, Thorp, Robbin W., additional, Tilgner, Erich H., additional, Torkkeli, Päivi H., additional, Traniello, James F.A., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Vail, Karen M., additional, Driesche, R.G. Van, additional, Vaughan, Mace, additional, Vincent, Charles, additional, Virant-Doberlet, Meta, additional, Visscher, P. Kirk, additional, Vittum, Patricia J., additional, Walker, Gregory P., additional, Wallace, J. Bruce, additional, Webb, Graham C., additional, Weintraub, Phyllis, additional, Weirauch, Christiane, additional, Welter, Stephen C., additional, Weseloh, Ronald M., additional, Wheeler, Diana E., additional, Whiting, Michael F., additional, Will, Kipling W., additional, Williams, Stanley C., additional, Winterton, Shaun L., additional, Wood, David L., additional, Wootton, Robin J., additional, Yack, Jayne, additional, Zablotny, James E., additional, Zill, Sasha N., additional, and Zwick, Peter, additional

Published
2009
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29. Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement

Author

Nicholson, Charlie C., primary, Ward, Kimiora L., additional, Williams, Neal M., additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Mason, Keith S., additional, Wilson, Julianna K., additional, Brokaw, Julia, additional, Gut, Larry J., additional, Rothwell, Nikki L., additional, Wood, Thomas J., additional, Rao, Sujaya, additional, Hoffman, George D., additional, Gibbs, Jason, additional, Thorp, Robbin W., additional, and Ricketts, Taylor H., additional

Published
2019
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32. Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement.

Author

Nicholson, Charlie C., Ward, Kimiora L., Williams, Neal M., Isaacs, Rufus, Mason, Keith S., Wilson, Julianna K., Brokaw, Julia, Gut, Larry J., Rothwell, Nikki L., Wood, Thomas J., Rao, Sujaya, Hoffman, George D., Gibbs, Jason, Thorp, Robbin W., Ricketts, Taylor H., and Irwin, Rebecca

Subjects
POLLINATORS, ECOSYSTEM services, BIODIVERSITY, BEES, HABITATS, CROPS, BIODIVERSITY conservation
Abstract

Supporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service‐focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges. Enhancements did not increase the abundance or diversity of bees visiting crops, indicating that the supply of pollination services was unchanged following enhancement. We find that actions to promote crop pollination improve multiple dimensions of biodiversity, underscoring their conservation value, but these benefits may not be spilling over to crops. More work is needed to identify the conditions that promote effective co‐management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Summer Flowering Cover Crops Support Wild Bees in Vineyards.

Author

Wilson, Houston, Wong, Jessica S., Thorp, Robbin W., Miles, Albie F., Daane, Kent M., and Altieri, Miguel A.

Subjects
BEES, COVER crops, VINEYARDS, SELF-fertilization of plants, AGRICULTURAL intensification
Abstract

Agricultural expansion and intensification negatively affect pollinator populations and has led to reductions in pollination services across multiple cropping systems. As a result, growers and researchers have utilized the restoration of local and landscape habitat diversity to support pollinators, and wild bees in particular. Although a majority of studies to date have focussed on effects in pollinator-dependent crops such as almond, tomato, sunflower, and watermelon, supporting wild bees in self-pollinated crops, such as grapes, can contribute to broader conservation goals as well as provide other indirect benefits to growers. This study evaluates the influence of summer flowering cover crops and landscape diversity on the abundance and diversity of vineyard bee populations. We showed that diversity and abundance of wild bees were increased on the flowering cover crop, but were unaffected by changes in landscape diversity. These findings indicate that summer flowering cover crops can be used to support wild bees and this could be a useful strategy for grape growers interested in pollinator conservation as part of a broader farmscape sustainability agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Fluorescent Nectar

Author

Kevan, Peter G., Thorp, Robbin W., Briggs, Dennis L., Estes, James R., and Erickson, Eric H.

Published
1976

43. Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an Associate of Bees in the Genus Halictus

Author

Robin Giblin-Davis, Hazir, Selcuk, Center, Barbara J., Ye, Weimin, Keskin, Nevin, Thorp, Robbin W., and Thomas, W. Kelley

Subjects
Taxonomy and Systematics
Abstract

Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp., a phoretic associate of Halictus bees from Ankara, Turkey, is described and illustrated. Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. is closest to B. kevini, which is phoretically associated with Halictus bees from the Pacific Northwest. Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. and B. kevini appear to be sister taxa based upon several shared morphological features, similar life histories involving phoresy with soil-dwelling Halictus bees, and molecular analysis of the near-full-length small subunit rDNA, D2D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rDNA, and partial mitochondrial DNA COI. Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. can be differentiated from all other species of Bursaphelenchus based upon spicule morphology. The paired spicules are uniquely shaped and ventrally recurved, and both B. anatolius n. sp. and B. kevini possess extending flaps that open when the spicules are protracted beyond the cloaca. Population growth of B. anatolius n. sp. was measured at 23 degrees C in the laboratory on cultures of the fungus Monilinia fructicola grown on lactic acid-treated, 5% glycerol-supplemented potato dextrose agar. Nematode population densities rapidly increased from 110 to about 110,000/9-cm-diam. dish within 21 days.

Published
2005

44. MIMICRY.

Author

Williams, Paul H., Thorp, Robbin W., Richardson, Leif L., and Colla, Sheila R.

Subjects
BUMBLEBEES, MOTHS, INSECTS, SAWFLIES, CERAMBYCIDAE
Published
2014

45. GLOSSARY.

Author

Williams, Paul H., Thorp, Robbin W., Richardson, Leif L., and Colla, Sheila R.

Subjects
BUMBLEBEES, ANTENNAE (Biology)
Published
2014

47. BUMBLE BEE NAMES AND CLASSIFICATION.

Author

Williams, Paul H., Thorp, Robbin W., Richardson, Leif L., and Colla, Sheila R.

Subjects
BUMBLEBEES, HOMONYMS, CUCKOO bumblebees, GRASSLANDS, BIOMES
Published
2014

49. INTRODUCTION.

Author

Williams, Paul H., Thorp, Robbin W., Richardson, Leif L., and Colla, Sheila R.

Subjects
INSECTS, BUMBLEBEES, POLLINATORS
Published
2014

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