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1. Data From: Institutionalizing research capacity strengthening in LMICs

Author

Vicente-Crespo, Marta, Agunbiade, Ojo, Eyers, John, Thorogood, M, and Fonn, Sharon

Subjects
Theory, Knowledge and Science, developing countries, Higher Education, research capacity, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Education, FOS: Sociology, Educational Administration and Supervision, publication, Sociology, phds, Inequality and Stratification, Higher Education Administration
Abstract

Software Used : : EndNote X6.0.1, Mendeley1.19.4 and Jabref 5.0 during the screening process and Redcap 9.0 for the data extraction. Manual Processing Abstract Background: Evidence on effective strategies to ensure sustainability of research capacity strengthening interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions is lacking. This systematic review identified publications describing research capacity building programs and noted their effect, their contexts, and the mechanisms, processes and social actors employed in them. Methods: We searched online databases for the period 2011-2018. Inclusion criteria were that the publications 1) described the intervention; 2) were implemented in LMICs; 3) were based in, or relevant to, university staff or post docs; 4) aimed to improve research capacity; 5) aimed to effect change at the institutional level. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text in consecutive rounds, a third resolved disagreements. Two people extracted the data of each full text using a data extraction tool covering data relevant to our question. Results: In total 4052 citations were identified and 19 papers were included, which referred to 14 interventions. Only three interventions mentioned using a conceptual framework to develop their approach and none described using a theory of change to assess outcomes. The most frequent inputs described were some method of formal training, promotion of a research-conducive environment and establishment of research support systems. A range of outcomes were reported, most frequently an increased number of publications and proportion of staff with PhDs. When factors of success were discussed, this was attributed to a rigorous approach to implementation, adequate funding, and local buy-in. Those who mentioned sustainability linked it to availability of funds and local buy-in. The lack of a common lexicon and a framework against which to report outcomes made comparison between initiatives difficult.

Published
2022
Full Text
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2. Data From:Institutionalizing research capacity strengthening in LMICs: A systematic review and meta-synthesis [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Author

Vicente-Crespo, Marta, Agunbiade, Ojo, Eyers, John, Thorogood, M, and Fonn, Sharon

Subjects
institutional capacity, strengthening institutional capcity, Organization Development, Higher Education, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Social and Behavioral Sciences, increasing research, Education, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research
Abstract

Software Used : : EndNote X6.0.1, Mendeley1.19.4 and Jabref 5.0 during the screening process and Redcap 9.0 for the data extraction. Manual Processing Abstract Background: Evidence on effective strategies to ensure sustainability of research capacity strengthening interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions is lacking. This systematic review identified publications describing research capacity building programs and noted their effect, their contexts, and the mechanisms, processes and social actors employed in them. Methods: We searched online databases for the period 2011-2018. Inclusion criteria were that the publications 1) described the intervention; 2) were implemented in LMICs; 3) were based in, or relevant to, university staff or post docs; 4) aimed to improve research capacity; 5) aimed to effect change at the institutional level. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text in consecutive rounds, a third resolved disagreements. Two people extracted the data of each full text using a data extraction tool covering data relevant to our question. Results: In total 4052 citations were identified and 19 papers were included, which referred to 14 interventions. Only three interventions mentioned using a conceptual framework to develop their approach and none described using a theory of change to assess outcomes. The most frequent inputs described were some method of formal training, promotion of a research-conducive environment and establishment of research support systems. A range of outcomes were reported, most frequently an increased number of publications and proportion of staff with PhDs. When factors of success were discussed, this was attributed to a rigorous approach to implementation, adequate funding, and local buy-in. Those who mentioned sustainability linked it to availability of funds and local buy-in. The lack of a common lexicon and a framework against which to report outcomes made comparison between initiatives difficult.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Task-shifting for cardiovascular risk factor management: lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases

Author

Joshi, R, Thrift, A, Smith, C, Praveen, D, Vedanthan, R, Gyamfi, J, Schwalm, J-D, Limbani, F, Rubinstein, A, Parker, G, Ogedegbe, O, Plange_Rhule, J, Riddell, M, Thankappan, K, Thorogood, M, Goudge, J, Yeates, K, Joshi, R, Thrift, A, Smith, C, Praveen, D, Vedanthan, R, Gyamfi, J, Schwalm, J-D, Limbani, F, Rubinstein, A, Parker, G, Ogedegbe, O, Plange_Rhule, J, Riddell, M, Thankappan, K, Thorogood, M, Goudge, J, and Yeates, K

Published
2018

23. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Author

Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, Gm, Carnahan, E, Stevens, Ga, Cowan, Mj, Farzadfar, F, Lin, Jk, Finucane, Mm, Rao, M, Khang, Yh, Riley, Lm, Mozaffarian, D, Lim, Ss, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, Na, Rahim, Hf, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, Mm, Agabiti Rosei, E, Salinas, Ca, Agyemang, C, Ali, Mk, Ali, Mm, Al Nsour, M, Al Nuaim AR, Ambady, R, Di Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, Bv, Bahalim, An, Barbagallo, Cm, Barbieri, Ma, Barceló, A, Barreto, Sm, Barros, H, Bautista, Le, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Ma, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, Mm, Broda, G, Brown, Ij, Bursztyn, M, de León AC, Campos, H, Cappuccio, Fp, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, Cj, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, Cj, Chen, Z, Choi, Js, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, Lj, Cooper, Rs, Corsi, Am, Costanza, Mc, Craig, Cl, Dankner, Rs, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, Gh, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, Ch, Fan, Jg, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, Jo, Florez, Hj, Fornés, Ns, Fowkes, Fg, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, Fd, Fuller, El, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, Lf, Gomez Zumaquero JM, Graff Iversen, S, Grant, Jf, Carvajal, Rg, Gulliford, Mc, Gupta, R, Gupta, Pc, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, Hr, Hansen, Tw, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, Wh, Herrera, Vm, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, Gh, Hopman, Wm, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, Mm, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, Bk, Jaddou, Hy, Jafar, Th, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, Mr, Jonas, Jb, Kadiki, Oa, Kalter Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, Rm, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, Mj, Katz, J, Keinan Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, Kw, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, Mp, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Ys, Lam, Th, Langhammer, A, Lawes, Cm, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, To, Lin, X, Lin, Cc, Lin, Hh, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, Dr, Maggi, S, Magliano, Dj, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques Vidal, P, Mbanya, Jc, McFarlane Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, Hv, Miquel, Jf, Miranda, Jj, Mohamed, Mk, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, Wf, Morales, Dd, Morgan, K, Muiesan, Lm, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, Ka, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, Sw, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, Oliviero, Önal, Ae, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, Wh, Panagiotakos, Db, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, Vm, Pednekar, Ms, Pelizzari, Pm, Peres, Ma, Pérez, C, Pérez Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, Hp, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, Ot, Ramos, Lr, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, Kk, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes García, V, Roaeid, Rb, Robinson, Ca, Rodriguez Artalejo, F, Rojas Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero Bixby, L, Roth, Ga, Sachdev, Hs, Sánchez, Jr, Sanisoglu, Sy, Sans, S, Sarraf Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, Bd, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, Ij, Schooling, Cm, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, Ms, Serra Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, As, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, Xo, Silva, Da, Silva, E, Simons, La, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, Ad, Stergiou, Gs, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, Ab, Tai, Es, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, Gn, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, Rs, Tobias, M, Torheim, Le, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, Jo, Tur, Ja, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, Ai, Ukoli, Fa, Unwin, N, Hoorn, Sv, Vanderpump, Mp, Varo, Jj, Veierød, Mb, Velásquez Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Yx, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Welin, Lx, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, Xavier, Aj, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, Lc, Yoon, Js, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Ward, M., Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration, Danaei, G., Lu, Y., Singh, G.M., Carnahan, E., Stevens, G.A., Cowan, M.J., Farzadfar, F., Lin, J.K., Finucane, M.M., Rao, M., Khang, Y.H., Riley, L.M., Mozaffarian, D., Lim, S.S., Ezzati, M., Aamodt, G., Abdeen, Z., Abdella, N.A., Rahim, H.F., Addo, J., Aekplakorn, W., Afifi, M.M., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ali, M.K., Ali, M.M., Al-Nsour, M., Al-Nuaim, A.R., Ambady, R., Di Angelantonio, E., Aro, P., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahalim, A.N., Barbagallo, C.M., Barbieri, M.A., Barceló, A., Barreto, S.M., Barros, H., Bautista, L.E., Benetos, A., Bjerregaard, P., Björkelund, C., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Bonora, E., Botana, M.A., Bovet, P., Breckenkamp, J., Breteler, M.M., Broda, G., Brown, I.J., Bursztyn, M., de León, A.C., Campos, H., Cappuccio, F.P., Capuano, V., Casiglia, E., Castellano, M., Castetbon, K., Cea, L., Chang, C.J., Chaouki, N., Chatterji, S., Chen, C.J., Chen, Z., Choi, J.S., Chua, L., Cífková, R., Cobiac, L.J., Cooper, R.S., Corsi, A.M., Costanza, M.C., Craig, C.L., Dankner, R.S., Dastgiri, S., Delgado, E., Dinc, G., Doi, Y., Dong, G.H., Dorsi, E., Dragano, N., Drewnowski, A., Eggertsen, R., Elliott, P., Engeland, A., Erem, C., Esteghamati, A., Fall, C.H., Fan, J.G., Ferreccio, C., Fezeu, L., Firmo, J.O., Florez, H.J., Fornés, N.S., Fowkes, F.G., Franceschini, G., Frisk, F., Fuchs, F.D., Fuller, E.L., Getz, L., Giampaoli, S., Gómez, L.F., Gomez-Zumaquero, J.M., Graff-Iversen, S., Grant, J.F., Carvajal, R.G., Gulliford, M.C., Gupta, R., Gupta, P.C., Gureje, O., Gutierrez, H.R., Hansen, T.W., Hata, J., He, J., Heim, N., Heinrich, J., Hemmingsson, T., Hennis, A., Herman, W.H., Herrera, V.M., Ho, S., Holdsworth, M., Frisman, G.H., Hopman, W.M., Hussain, A., Husseini, A., Ibrahim, M.M., Ikeda, N., Jacobsen, B.K., Jaddou, H.Y., Jafar, T.H., Janghorbani, M., Jasienska, G., Joffres, M.R., Jonas, J.B., Kadiki, O.A., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kamadjeu, R.M., Kaptoge, S., Karalis, I., Kastarinen, M.J., Katz, J., Keinan-Boker, L., Kelly, P., Khalilzadeh, O., Kiechl, S., Kim, K.W., Kiyohara, Y., Kobayashi, J., Krause, M.P., Kubínová, R., Kurjata, P., Kusuma, Y.S., Lam, T.H., Langhammer, A., Lawes, C.M., Le, C., Lee, J., Lévy-Marchal, C., Lewington, S., Li, Y., Lim, T.O., Lin, X., Lin, C.C., Lin, H.H., Lind, L., Lissner, L., Liu, X., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Lorbeer, R., Ma, G., Ma, S., Macià, F., MacLean, D.R., Maggi, S., Magliano, D.J., Makdisse, M., Mancia, G., Mannami, T., Marques-Vidal, P., Mbanya, J.C., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Miccoli, R., Miettola, J., Minh, H.V., Miquel, J.F., Miranda, J.J., Mohamed, M.K., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Mokdad, A., Mollentze, W.F., Morales, D.D., Morgan, K., Muiesan, L.M., Muntoni, S., Nabipour, I., Nakagami, T., Nangia, V., Nemesure, B., Neovius, M., Nerhus, K.A., Nervi, F., Neuhauser, H., Nguyen, M., Ninomiya, T., Noale, M., Oh, S.W., Ohkubo, T., Olivieri, O., Önal, A.E., Onat, A., Oróstegui, M., Ouedraogo, H., Pan, W.H., Panagiotakos, D.B., Panza, F., Park, Y., Passos, V.M., Pednekar, M.S., Pelizzari, P.M., Peres, M.A., Pérez, C., Pérez-Fernández, R., Pichardo, R., Phua, H.P., Pistelli, F., Plans, P., Polakowska, M., Poulter, N., Prabhakaran, D., Qiao, Q., Rafiei, M., Raitakari, O.T., Ramos, L.R., Rampal, S., Rampal, L., Rasmussen, F., Reddy, K.K., Redon, J., Revilla, L., Reyes-García, V., Roaeid, R.B., Robinson, C.A., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rojas-Martinez, R., Ronkainen, K., Rosero-Bixby, L., Roth, G.A., Sachdev, H.S., Sánchez, J.R., Sanisoglu, S.Y., Sans, S., Sarraf-Zadegan, N., Scazufca, M., Schaan, B.D., Schapochnik, N., Schelleman, H., Schneider, I.J., Schooling, C.M., Schwarz, B., Sekuri, C., Sereday, M.S., Serra-Majem, L., Shaw, J., Shera, A.S., Shi, Z., Shiri, R., Shu, X.O., Silva, D.A., Silva, E., Simons, L.A., Smith, M., Söderberg, S., Soebardi, S., Solfrizzi, V., Sonestedt, E., Soysal, A., Stattin, P., Stein, A.D., Stergiou, G.S., Stessman, J., Sudo, A., Suka, M., Sundh, V., Sundquist, K., Sundström, J., Swai, A.B., Tai, E.S., Tambs, K., Tesfaye, F., Thomas, G.N., Thorogood, M., Tilvis, R.S., Tobias, M., Torheim, L.E., Trenkwalder, P., Tuomilehto, J.O., Tur, J.A., Tzourio, C., Uhernik, A.I., Ukoli, F.A., Unwin, N., Hoorn, S.V., Vanderpump, M.P., Varo, J.J., Veierød, M.B., Velásquez-Meléndez, G., Verschuren, M., Viet, L., Villalpando, S., Vioque, J., Vollenweider, P., Volpato, S., Wang, N., Wang, Y.X., Ward, M., Waspadji, S., Welin, L.X., Whitlock, G., Wilhelmsen, L., Willeit, J., Woodward, M., Wormser, D., Xavier, A.J., Xu, F., Xu, L., Yamamoto, A., Yang, G., Yang, X., Yeh, L.C., Yoon, J.S., You, Q., Yu, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zheng, W., Zhou, M., ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Public and occupational health, Danaei G, Lu Y, Singh GM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Farzadfar F, Lin JK, Finucane MM, Rao M, Khang Y-H, Riley LM, Mozaffarian D, Lim SS, Ezzati M, Aamodt G, Abdeen Z, Abdella NA, Abdul Rahim HF, Addo J, Aekplakorn W, Afi fi MM, Agabiti-Rosei E, Aguilar Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ali MK, Ali MM, Al-Nsour M, Al-Nuaim AR, Ambady R, Di Angelantonio E, Aro P, Azizi F, Babu BV, Bahalim AN, Barbagallo CM, Barbieri MA, Barcelo A, Barreto SM, Barros H, Bautista LE, Benetos A, Bjerregaard P, Bjorkelund C, Bo S, Bobak M, Bonora E, Botana MA, Bovet P, Breckenkamp J, Breteler MM, Broda G, Brown IJ, Bursztyn M, Cabrera de Leon A, Campos H, Cappuccio FP, Capuano V, Casiglia E, Castellano M, Castetbon K, Cea L, Chang C-J, Chaouki N, Chatterji S, Chen C-J, Chen Z, Choi J-S, Chua L, Cifkova R, Cobiac LJ, Cooper RS, Corsi AM, Costanza MC, Craig CL, Dankner RS, Dastgiri S, Delgado E, Dinc G, Doi Y, Dong G-H, Dorsi E, Dragano N, Drewnowski A, Eggertsen R, Elliott P, Anders Engeland, Erem C, Esteghamati A, Fall CHD, Fan J-G, Ferreccio C, Fezeu L, Firmo JO, Florez HF, Fornes NF, Fowkes FGR, Franceschini G, Frisk F, Fuchs FD, Fuller EL, Getz L, Giampaoli S, Gomez LF, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Graff –Iversen S, Grant JF, Guerrero Carvajal R, Gulliford MC, Gupta R, Gupta PC, Gureje O, Gutierrez HR, Hansen TW, Hata J, He J, Heim N, Heinrich J, Hemmingsson T, Hennis A, Herman WH, Herrera VM, Ho S, Holdsworth M, Hollman Frisman G, Hopman WM, Hussain A, Husseini A, Ibrahim MM, Ikeda N, Jacobsen BK, Jaddou HY, Jafar TH, Janghorbani M, Jasienska G, Joffres MR, Jonas JB, Kadiki OA, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamadjeu RM, Kaptoge S, Karalis I, Kastarinen MJ, Katz J, Keinan-Boker L, Kelly P, Khalilzadeh O, Kiechl S, Woong Kim KW, Kiyohara Y, Kobayashi J, Krause MP, Kubinova R, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Lam TH, Langhammer A, Lawes CMM, Le C, Lee J, Levy-Marchal C, Lewington S, Li Y, Lim TO, Lin X, Lin C-C, Lin H-H, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu X, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lorbeer R, Ma G, Ma S, Macia F, MacLean DR, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Makdisse M, Mancia G, Mannami T, Marques-Vidal P, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane-Anderson N, Miccoli R, Miettola J, Minh HV, Miquel JF, J Miranda JJ, Mohamed MK, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mokdad A, Mollentze WF, Morales DD, Morgan K, Muiesan LM, Muntoni S, Nabipour I, Nakagami T, Nangia V, Nemesure B, Neovius M, Nerhus KA, Nervi F, Neuhauser H, Nguyen M, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Oh SW, Ohkubo T, Olivieri O, Onal AE, Onat A, Orostegui M, Ouedraogo H, Pan W-A, Panagiotakos DB, Panza F, Park Y, Passos VMA, Pednekar MS, Pelizzari PM, Peres MA, Perez C, Perez-Fernandez R, Pichardo R, Hwee Pin Phua, Francesco Pistelli, Plans P, Polakowska M, Poulter N, Prabhakaran D, Qiao Q, Rafiei M, Raitakari OT, Ramos LR, Rampal S, Rampal L, Rasmussen F, Reddy KKR, Josep Redon J, Revilla L, Reyes-GarciaV, Roaeid RB, Robinson CA, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rojas-Martinez R, Ronkainen K, Rosero-Bixby L, Roth GA, Sachdev HS, Sanchez JR, Sanisoglu SY, Sans S, Sarraf-Zadegan N, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schapochnik N, Schelleman H, Schneider IJC, Schooling CM, Schwarz B, Sekuri C, Sereday MS, Serra-Majem L, Shaw J, Shera AS, Shi Z, Shiri R, Shu XO, Santos Silva DA, Silva E, Simons LA, Smith M, Soderberg S, Soebardi S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Soysal A, StattinP, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Sudo A, Suka M, Sundh V, Sundquist K, Sundstrom J, Swai AB, Tai ES, Tambs K, Tesfaye F, Thomas GN, Thorogood M, Tilvis RS, Tobias M, Torheim LE, Trenkwalder P, Tuomilehto JO, Tur JA, Tzourio C, Uhernik A, Ukoli FA, Unwin N, Vander Hoorn S, Vanderpump MP, Varo JJ, Veierod MB, Velasquez-Melendez G, Verschuren M, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Vollenweider P, Volpato S, Wang N, Wang YX, Ward M, Waspadji S, Welin LX, Whitlock G, Wilhelmsen L, Willeit J, Woodward M, Wormser D, Xavier AJ, Xu F, Xu L, Yamamoto A, Yang G, Yang X, Yeh L-C, Yoon J-S, You Q, Yu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zheng W, Zhou M, Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, and Zhou, M

Subjects
Male, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, kidney disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, humanos, coste de las enfermedades, Disease, Global Health, Cohort Studies, Endocrinology, Cost of Illness, cardiovascular disease, Health Transition, Risk Factors, transición sanitaria, estudios prospectivos, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, evaluación de riesgos, Renal Insufficiency, Prospective Studies, Chronic, estudios de cohortes, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, diabetes, Mortality rate, Age Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Complications, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Metabolic Syndrome X, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Cardiovascular disease,Diabetes Mellitus, chronic kidney disease, Diabetes Complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Diabetes and Metabolism, encuestas de salud, análisis temporoespacial, Risk assessment, complicaciones de la diabetes, insuficiencia renal, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mortality, Population, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Metabolic Syndrome X -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Article, chronic kidney disease, mortality, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, factores de riesgo, Risk factor, education, business.industry, medicine.disease, Relative risk, Cardiovascular Diseases/complications, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, Diabetes Complications/epidemiology, Diabetes Complications/mortality, Metabolic Syndrome X/complications, Metabolic Syndrome X/epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome X/mortality, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2014

24. Promoting physical activity in primary care: measuring the knowledge gap

Author

Gould, M.M., Thorogood, M., Iliffe, S., and Morris, J.N.

Subjects
Physical fitness -- Health aspects
Abstract

Recent research has focused on the attitudes of GP trainers and practice nurses to the health benefits of physical activity. All those interviewed were aware that physical activity should be encouraged, but there was a considerable variation in the amount of specific knowledge about the health benefits of physical activity. It is important that knowledge levels are increased if physical activity is to be effectively promoted in primary health care.

Published
1995

25. Developing consensus measures for global programs: lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension research program

Author

Riddell, MA, Edwards, N, Thompson, SR, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Praveen, D, Johnson, C, Kengne, AP, Liu, P, McCready, T, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Ovbiagele, B, Owolabi, M, Peiris, D, Thrift, AG, Tobe, S, Yusoff, K, De Villiers, A, He, F, MacGregor, G, Jan, S, Neal, B, Chow, C, Joshi, R, MacMahon, S, Patel, A, Rodgers, A, Webster, R, Keat, NK, Attaran, A, Mills, E, Muldoon, K, Yaya, S, Featherstone, A, Mukasa, B, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Lopez, PC, Tayari, JC, Lopez, P, Casas, JL, McKee, M, Zainal, AO, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Marr, M, Yeates, K, Feng, X, Yuan, J, Li, X, Lin, CP, Yan, L, Zhang, J, Wu, Y, Ma, J, Wang, H, Ma, Y, Nowson, C, Moodie, M, Goudge, J, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Myakayaka, N, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Thorogood, M, Arabshahi, S, Evans, R, Mahal, A, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M, Srikanth, V, Heritier, S, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Suresh, O, Maulik, P, Salam, A, Sudhir, T, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Varma, R, Thomas, N, Clifford, G, Prabhakaran, D, Thom, S, Shivashankar, R, Mohan, S, Reddy, KS, Krishnan, A, and MacMahon, S

Subjects
Chronic Disease/therapy, Research program, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.05 [https], Low and middle income countries, Implementation Context, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, General & Internal Medicine, Global health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cooperative Behavior, Medical education, Data collection, business.industry, Research, Public health, Health Policy, Health services research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Data dictionary, Public relations, Research Personnel, 3. Good health, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Implementation, Scale (social sciences), Hypertension, Chronic Disease, Consensus Measures, business
Abstract

12 p., Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising representatives from the 15 studies iteratively identified and proposed a set of common measures for inclusion in each of the teams’ data collection plans. One year later all teams were asked which consensus measures had been implemented. Results: Important issues were identified during the data harmonisation process relating to data ownership, sharing methodologies and ethical concerns. Measures were assessed across eight domains; demographic; dietary; clinical and anthropometric; medical history; hypertension knowledge; physical activity; behavioural (smoking and alcohol); and biochemical domains. Identifying validated measures relevant across a variety of settings presented some difficulties. The resulting GACD hypertension data dictionary comprises 67 consensus measures. Of the 14 responding teams, only two teams were including more than 50 consensus variables, five teams were including between 25 and 50 consensus variables and four teams were including between 6 and 24 consensus variables, one team did not provide details of the variables collected and two teams did not include any of the consensus variables as the project had already commenced or the measures were not relevant to their study. Conclusions: Deriving consensus measures across diverse research projects and contexts was challenging. The major barrier to their implementation was related to the time taken to develop and present these measures. Inclusion of consensus measures into future funding announcements would facilitate researchers integrating these measures within application protocols. We suggest that adoption of consensus measures developed here, across the field of hypertension, would help advance the science in this area, allowing for more comparable data sets and generalizable inferences.

Published
2017

32. Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme.

Author

Webster R., Waddy S.P., Webster J., Yeates K., Yusoff K., Peiris D., Thompson S.R., Beratarrechea A., Cardenas M.K., Diez-Canseco F., Goudge J., Gyamfi J., Kamano J.H., Irazola V., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Keat N.K., Miranda J.J., Mohan S., Mukasa B., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ogedegbe O., Ovbiagele B., Plange-Rhule J., Praveen D., Salam A., Thorogood M., Thrift A.G., Vedanthan R., Webster R., Waddy S.P., Webster J., Yeates K., Yusoff K., Peiris D., Thompson S.R., Beratarrechea A., Cardenas M.K., Diez-Canseco F., Goudge J., Gyamfi J., Kamano J.H., Irazola V., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Keat N.K., Miranda J.J., Mohan S., Mukasa B., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ogedegbe O., Ovbiagele B., Plange-Rhule J., Praveen D., Salam A., Thorogood M., Thrift A.G., and Vedanthan R.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases comprises the majority of the world's public research funding agencies. It is focussed on implementation research to tackle the burden of chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries and amongst vulnerable populations in high-income countries. In its inaugural research call, 15 projects were funded, focussing on lowering blood pressure-related disease burden. In this study, we describe a reflexive mapping exercise to identify the behaviour change strategies undertaken in each of these projects. METHODS: Using the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, each team rated the capability, opportunity and motivation of the various actors who were integral to each project (e.g. community members, non-physician health workers and doctors in projects focussed on service delivery). Teams then mapped the interventions they were implementing and determined the principal policy categories in which those interventions were operating. Guidance was provided on the use of Behaviour Change Wheel to support consistency in responses across teams. Ratings were iteratively discussed and refined at several group meetings. RESULTS: There was marked variation in the perceived capabilities, opportunities and motivation of the various actors who were being targeted for behaviour change strategies. Despite this variation, there was a high degree of synergy in interventions functions with most teams utilising complex interventions involving education, training, enablement, environmental restructuring and persuasion oriented strategies. Similar policy categories were also targeted across teams particularly in the areas of guidelines, communication/marketing and service provision with few teams focussing on fiscal measures, regulation and legislation. CONCLUSIONS: The large variation in preparedness to change behaviour amongst the principal actors across these projects suggests that the interventions themselves will be variably taken up, desp

Published
2017

33. Developing consensus measures for global programs: Lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension research program.

Author

Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., Mahal A., Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., and Mahal A.

Abstract

Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising representatives from the 15 studies iteratively identified and proposed a set of common measures for inclusion in each of the teams' data collection plans. One year later all teams were asked which consensus measures had been implemented. Result(s): Important issues were identified during the data harmonisation process relating to data ownership, sharing methodologies and ethical concerns. Measures were assessed across eight domains; demographic; dietary; clinical and anthropometric; medical history; hypertension knowledge; physical activity; behavioural (smoking and alcohol); and biochemical domains. Identifying validated measures relevant across a variety of settings presented some difficulties. The resulting GACD hypertension data dictionary comprises 67 consensus measures. Of the 14 responding teams, only two teams were including more than 50 consensus variables, five teams were including between 25 and 50 consensus variables and four teams were including between 6 and 24 consensus variables, one team did not provide details of the variables collected and two teams did not include any of the consensus variables as the project had already commenced or the measures were not relevant to their study. Conclusion(s): Deriving consensus measures across diverse research pro

Published
2017

34. Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the 'Families for Health' programme to reduce obesity in children

Author

Robertson, W, Fleming, J, Kamal, A, Hamborg, T, Khan, KA, Griffiths, F, Stewart-Brown, S, Stallard, N, Petrou, S, Simkiss, D, Harrison, E, Kim, SW, Thorogood, M, Robertson, W, Fleming, J, Kamal, A, Hamborg, T, Khan, KA, Griffiths, F, Stewart-Brown, S, Stallard, N, Petrou, S, Simkiss, D, Harrison, E, Kim, SW, and Thorogood, M

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 'Families for Health V2' (FFH) compared with usual care (UC). DESIGN: Multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) (investigators blinded, families unblinded) and economic evaluation. Stratified randomisation by family; target of 120 families. SETTING: Three National Health Service Primary Care Trusts in West Midlands, England. PARTICIPANTS: Overweight or obese (≥91st or ≥98th centile body mass index (BMI)) children aged 6-11 years and their parents/carers, recruited March 2012-February 2014. INTERVENTIONS: FFH; a 10-week community-based family programme addressing parenting, lifestyle change and social and emotional development. UC; usual support for childhood obesity at each site. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were 12-months change in children's BMI z-score and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained (QALY). Secondary outcomes included changes in children's physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and quality of life, parents' BMI and mental well-being, family eating/activity, parent-child relationships and parenting style. RESULTS: 115 families (128 children) were randomised to FFH (n=56) or UC (n=59). There was no significant difference in BMI z-score 12-months change (0.114, 95% CI -0.001 to 0.229, p=0.053; p=0.026 in favour of UC with missing value multiple imputation). One secondary outcome, change in children's waist z-score, was significantly different between groups in favour of UC (0.15, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.29). Economic evaluation showed that mean costs were significantly higher for FFH than UC (£998 vs £548, p<0.001). Mean incremental cost-effectiveness of FFH was estimated at £552 175 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: FFH was neither effective nor cost-effective for the management of obesity compared with UC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN45032201.

Published
2017

35. Effectiveness of health checks conducted by nurses in primary care: final results of the OXCHECK study. Imperial Cancer Research Fund OXCHECK Study Group

Author

Coulter, A, Fowler, G, Fuller, A, Jones, L, Lancaster, T, Lawrence, M, Mant, D, Muir, J, Neil, H, Oneil, C, Roe, L, Rusted, H, Schofield, T, Silagy, C, Thorogood, M, Yudkin, P, Ziebland, S, Freedman, D, Oggelsby, M, Joyce, S, Sweetman, Y, Smith, R, Bradley, P, Brown, R, and Choudhury, S

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of health checks, performed by nurses in primary care, in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Five urban general practices in Bedfordshire. SUBJECTS: 2205 men and women who were randomly allocated a first health check in 1989-90 and a re-examination in 1992-3 (the intervention group); 1916 men and women who were randomly allocated an initial health check in 1992-3 (the control group). All subjects were aged 35-64 at recruitment in 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum total cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking prevalence (with biochemical validation of cessation); self reported dietary, exercise, and alcohol habits. RESULTS: Mean serum total cholesterol was 3.1% lower in the intervention group than controls (difference 0.19 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.26)); in women it was 4.5% lower (P < 0.0001) and in men 1.6% (P < 0.05), a significant difference between the sexes (P < 0.01). Self reported saturated fat intake was also significantly lower in the intervention group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body mass index were respectively 1.9%, 1.9%, and 1.4% lower in the intervention group (P < 0.005 in all cases). There was a 3.9% (2.4 to 5.3) difference in the percentage of subjects with a cholesterol concentration > or = 8 mmol/l, but no significant differences in the number with diastolic blood pressure > or = 100 mm Hg or body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2. There was no significant difference between the two groups in prevalence of smoking or excessive alcohol use. Annual rechecks were no more effective than a single recheck at three years, but health checks led to a significant increase in visits to the nurse according to patients' degree of cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of health checks were sustained over three years. The main effects were to promote dietary change and reduce cholesterol concentrations; small differences in blood pressure may have been attributable to accommodation to measurement. The benefits of systematic health promotion in primary care are real, but must be weighed against the costs in relation to other priorities.

Published
2016

36. Mortality in treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: implications for clinical management. Scientific Steering Committee on behalf of the Simon Broome Register Group

Author

Neil, H, Betteridge, D, Broome, K, Durrington, P, Hawkins, M, Humphries, SE, Mann, J, Miller, J, Thompson, G, Thorogood, M, Potok, M, Mathews, F, Arnsten, K, Flemming, S, Alkeles, R, Finnie, R, Galton, D, Hillson, R, Hughes, E, Laker, M, Lewis, B, Wierzbicki, A, and Lorimer, R

Abstract

Clinical management of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is largely based on evidence from a small number of observational studies and extrapolation from the results of clinical trials of lipid-lowering in patients with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the absolute and relative mortality of patients with treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, (ii) to estimate the effect of changes in treatment efficacy on mortality trends over time, and (iii) to examine the implications of these findings for patient management. A cohort of 605 men and 580 women aged 20-79 years with heterozyous familial hypercholesterolaemia were recruited from 21 out-patient lipid clinics in the UK. Patients were followed prospectively from 1980 to 1995 for 8770 person-years. Absolute mortality was calculated, and relative risk was expressed as the ratio of the number of observed deaths to the number expected in the general population of England and Wales. Forty six of the 73 deaths were due to coronary heart disease. In women aged 20-39, despite treatment, the relative risk of a fatal coronary event was increased 125-fold (95% confidence intervals 15-451) and the annual coronary mortality was 0.17%. In men aged 20-39 the relative risk was increased 48-fold (17-105) and the annual coronary mortality was 0.46%. The relative risk decreased with age but the absolute risk increased. For men and women aged 60-79, the annual coronary mortality was 1.1% representing a significant excess mortality for women (relative risk 2.6, 1.3-4.5) but not for men (RR 1.1, 0.5-2.3). Non-coronary mortality was not increased at any age (RR for all ages 0.68, 0.45-0.99). There was a decline in the relative risk for coronary mortality in patients aged 20-59 from an eight-fold (4.8-7.2) increased risk before 1992 to 3.7 (1.6-7.2.) thereafter (P=0.08). The results suggest that the prognosis for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia has improved with the introduction of more effective treatment, and that lipid-lowering therapy is not associated with increased non-coronary mortality. These findings and the excess coronary mortality observed suggest that all affected adult men and post-menopausal women should be treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Published
2016

37. Factors affecting women's response to an invitation to attend for a second breast cancer screening examination

Author

Orton, M, Fitzpatrick, R, Fuller, A, Mant, D, Mlynek, C, and Thorogood, M

Abstract

A survey was conducted to study the impact of women's previous experiences of breast cancer screening on their subsequent readiness to reattend. Women aged 45-64 years from three general practices were invited to attend for a second breast cancer screening test at a mobile clinic. Of the 1582 women who were invited, 1408 (89.0%) reattended. A questionnaire about their experience of the previous screening test was completed by 641 women who attended and 124 who did not attend the second test. Twenty six per cent of the women had found the previous test painful, and a minority also reported embarrassment (7%) or distress (6%). Women who did not reattend were significantly more likely than those who did to report the previous screening test as embarrassing or distressing and were significantly less likely to have found the clinic staff helpful or attendance for screening worthwhile or reassuring. No significant difference was found in the reattendance rate of women who had experienced a false positive result at the previous screening test compared with the remaining women. These results show that there may be substantial scope for reducing non-attendance by improving the way the service is provided, thereby enhancing the overall impact of breast cancer screening.

Published
2016

38. Motivational effect of cholesterol measurement in general practice health checks

Author

Robertson, I, Phillips, A, Mant, D, Thorogood, M, Fowler, G, Fuller, A, Yudkin, P, and Woods, M

Subjects
Motivation, Cholesterol, Letter, Risk Factors, Humans, Patient Compliance, Coronary Disease, Health Promotion, Family Practice, Attitude to Health, Research Article
Abstract

A randomized trial was conducted in five general practices in and around Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire to assess the motivational effect of cholesterol measurement on compliance with advice to reduce dietary fat intake and to stop smoking. The advice was given by practice nurses during health checks for cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 578 patients were recruited to the study and randomized into two groups. Both groups were given the same advice and were followed up after a median of three months, but the intervention group was also given immediate feedback on their cholesterol concentration. Follow up was completed for 88.2% of subjects, and those who were not followed up were assumed not to have changed their behaviour. The mean fall in total cholesterol at follow up was 0.11 mmol l-1 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.18) in the intervention group who were told their cholesterol result and 0.02 mmol l-1 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.10) in the control group who were not. The proportion of smokers who were not smoking at follow up was 10.7% and 10.1% in the two groups, respectively. Patients in the intervention group with an initial total cholesterol level of 6.50 mmol l-1 or greater showed a mean fall of 6.2% in cholesterol level whereas those with an initial cholesterol level of less than 5.20 mmol l-1 experienced a mean increase of 3.6%, but as differences of this magnitude were also seen in the control group they probably reflect regression to the mean rather than an effect of knowledge of cholesterol level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
2016

40. The global cardiovascular risk transition: associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income, urbanization, and Western diet in 1980 and 2008

Author

Danaei, G., Singh, G., Paciorek, C., Lin, J., Cowan, M., Finucane, M., Farzadfar, F., Stevens, G., Riley, L., Lu, Y., Rao, M., Ezzati, M., Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group, Aamodt, G., Abdeen, Z., Abdella, N., Rahim, H., Addo, J., Aekplakorn, W., Afifi, M., Agabiti Rosei, E., Aguilar Salinas CA, Agyemang, C., Ali, M., Al Nsour, M., Al Nuaim AR, Ambady, R., Aro, P., Azizi, F., Barbagallo, C., Barbieri, M., Barceló, A., Barreto, S., Barros, H., Bautista, L., Benetos, A., Bjerregaard, P., Björkelund, C., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Bonora, E., Bontha, B., Botana, M., Bovet, P., Breckenkamp, J., Breteler, M., Broda, G., Brown, I., Bursztyn, M., Cabrera de León, A., Campos, H., Cappuccio, F., Capuano, V., Casiglia, E., Castellano, M., Castetbon, K., Cea, L., Chang, C., Chaouki, N., Chatterji, S., Chen, Z., Chen, C., Choi, J., Chua, L., Cífková, R., Cobiac, L., Cooper, R., Corsi, A., Costanza, M., Craig, C., Dankner, R., Dastgiri, S., Delgado, E., Dinc, G., Doi, Y., Dong, G., Dorsi, E., Dragano, N., Drewnowski, A., Eggertsen, W., Elliott, P., Engeland, A., Erem, C., Esteghamati, A., Fall, C., Fan, J., Ferreccio, C., Fezeu, L., Firmo, J., Florez, H., Fornés, N., Fowkes, F., Franceschini, G., Frisk, F., Fuchs, F., Fuller, E., Getz, L., Giampaoli, S., Gómez, L., Gomez Zumaquero JM, Graff Iversen, S., Grant, J., Guerrero Carvajal, R., Gulliford, M., Gupta, R., Gupta, P., Gureje, O., Hansen, T., Hata, J., He, J., Heim, N., Heinrich, J., Hemmingsson, T., Hennis, A., Herman, W., Herrera, V., Ho, S., Holdsworth, M., Hollman Frisman, G., Hopman, W., Hussain, A., Husseini, A., Ibrahim, M., Ikeda, N., Jacobsen, B., Jaddou, H., Jafar, T., Janghorbani, M., Jasienska, G., Joffres, M., Jonas, J., Kadiki, O., Kalter Leibovici, O., Kamadjeu, R., Karalis, I., Kastarinen, M., Katz, J., Keinan Boker, L., Kelly, P., Khalilzadeh, O., Khang, Y., Kiechl, S., Kim, K., Kiyohara, Y., Kobayashi, J., Krause, M., Kubínová, R., Kurjata, P., Kusuma, Y., Lam, T., Langhammer, A., Lawes, C., Le, C., Lee, J., Lévy Marchal, C., Li, Y., Lim, S., Lim, T., Lin, X., Lin, C., Lin, H., Lind, L., Lissner, L., Liu, X., Lopez Jaramillo, P., Lorbeer, R., Ma, G., Ma, S., Macià, F., Maclean, D., Maggi, S., Magliano, D., Makdisse, M., Mancia, G., Mannami, T., Marques Vidal, P., Mbanya, J., McFarlane Anderson, N., Miccoli, R., Miettola, J., Minh, H., Miquel, J., Miranda, J., Mohamed, M., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Mokdad, A., Mollentze, W., Morales, D., Morgan, K., Muiesan, L., Muntoni, S., Nabipour, I., Nakagami, T., Nangia, V., Nemesure, B., Neovius, M., Nerhus, K., Nervi, F., Neuhauser, H., Nguyen, M., Ninomiya, T., Noale, M., Oh, S., Ohkubo, T., Olivieri, O., Önal, A., Onat, A., Oróstegui, M., Ouedraogo, H., Pan, W., Panagiotakos, D., Panza, F., Park, Y., Passos, V., Pednekar, M., Peres, M., Pérez, C., Pérez Fernández, R., Pichardo, R., Phua, H., Pistelli, F., Plans, P., Polakowska, M., Poulter, N., Prabhakaran, D., Qiao, Q., Rafiei, M., Raitakari, O., Ramos, L., Rampal, S., Rampal, L., Rasmussen, F., Reddy, K., Redon, J., Revilla, L., Reyes García, V., Roaeid, R., Rodriguez Artalejo, F., Rojas Martinez, R., Ronkainen, K., Rosero Bixby, L., Roth, G., Sachdev, H., Sánchez, J., Sanisoglu, S., Sans, S., Sarraf Zadegan, N., Scazufca, M., Schaan, B., Schapochnik, N., Schelleman, H., Schneider, I., Schooling, C., Schwarz, B., Sekuri, C., Sereday, M., Serra Majem, L., Shaw, J., Shera, A., Shi, Z., Shiri, R., Shu, X., Silva, D., Silva, E., Simons, L., Smith, M., Söderberg, S., Soebardi, S., Solfrizzi, V., Sonestedt, E., Soysal, A., Stattin, P., Stein, A., Stergiou, G., Stessman, J., Sudo, A., Suka, M., Sundh, V., Sundquist, K., Sundström, J., Swai, A., Tai, E., Tambs, K., Tesfaye, F., Thomas, G., Thorogood, M., Tilvis, R., Tobias, M., Torheim, L., Trenkwalder, P., Tuomilehto, J., Tur, J., Tzourio, C., Uhernik, A., Ukoli, F., Unwin, N., Vander Hoorn, S., Vanderpump, M., Varo, J., Veierød, B., Velásquez Meléndez, G., Verschuren, M., Viet, L., Villalpando, S., Vioque, J., Vollenweider, P., Volpato, S., Wang, N., Wang, Y., Ward, M., Waspadji, S., Welin, L., Wilhelmsen, L., Willeit, J., Woodward, M., Xavier, A., Xu, F., Xu, L., Yamamoto, A., Yang, G., Yang, X., Yeh, L., Yoon, J., You, Q., Yu, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zheng, W., Zhou, M., Danaei G, Singh GM, Paciorek CJ, Lin JK, Cowan MJ, Finucane MM, Farzadfar F, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Lu Y, Rao M, Ezzati M and Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group, Aamodt G, Abdeen Z, Abdella NA, Rahim HF, Addo J, Aekplakorn W, Afifi MM, Agabiti-Rosei E, Aguilar Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ali MM, Al-Nsour M, Al-Nuaim AR, Ambady R, Aro P, Azizi F, Barbagallo CM, Barbieri MA, Barceló A, Barreto SM, Barros H, Bautista LE, Benetos A, Bjerregaard P, Björkelund C, Bo S, Bobak M, Bonora E, Bontha BV, Botana MA, Bovet P, Breckenkamp J, Breteler MM, Broda G, Brown IJ, Bursztyn M, Cabrera de León A, Campos H, Cappuccio FP, Capuano V, Casiglia E, Castellano M, Castetbon K, Cea L, Chang CJ, Chaouki N, Chatterji S, Chen Z, Chen CJ, Choi JS, Chua L, Cífková R, Cobiac LJ, Cooper RS, Corsi AM, Costanza MC, Craig CL, Dankner RS, Dastgiri S, Delgado E, Dinc G, Doi Y, Dong GH, Dorsi E, Dragano N, Drewnowski A, Eggertsen W, Elliott P, Engeland A, Erem C, Esteghamati A, Fall CH, Fan JG, Ferreccio C, Fezeu L, Firmo JO, Florez HJ, Fornés NS, Fowkes FG, Franceschini G, Frisk F, Fuchs FD, Fuller EL, Getz L, Giampaoli S, Gómez LF, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Graff-Iversen S, Grant JF, Guerrero Carvajal R, Gulliford MC, Gupta R, Gupta PC, Gureje O, Hansen TW, Hata J, He J, Heim N, Heinrich J, Hemmingsson T, Hennis A, Herman WH, Herrera VM, Ho S, Holdsworth M, Hollman Frisman G, Hopman WM, Hussain A, Husseini A, Ibrahim M, Ikeda N, Jacobsen BK, Jaddou HY, Jafar TH, Janghorbani M, Jasienska G, Joffres MR, Jonas JB, Kadiki OA, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamadjeu RM, Karalis I, Kastarinen MJ, Katz J, Keinan-Boker L, Kelly P, Khalilzadeh O, Khang YH, Kiechl S, Kim KW, Kiyohara Y, Kobayashi J, Krause MP, Kubínová R, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Lam TH, Langhammer A, Lawes CM, Le C, Lee J, Lévy-Marchal C, Li Y, Lim S, Lim TO, Lin X, Lin CC, Lin HH, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu X, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lorbeer R, Ma G, Ma S, Macià F, MacLean DR, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Makdisse M, Mancia G, Mannami T, Marques-Vidal P, Mbanya JC, McFarlane-Anderson N, Miccoli R, Miettola J, Minh HV, Miquel JF, Miranda J, Mohamed MK, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mokdad A, Mollentze WF, Morales DD, Morgan K, Muiesan LM, Muntoni S, Nabipour I, Nakagami T, Nangia V, Nemesure B, Neovius M, Nerhus KA, Nervi F, Neuhauser H, Nguyen M, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Oh SW, Ohkubo T, Olivieri O, Önal AE, Onat A, Oróstegui M, Ouedraogo H, Pan WH, Panagiotakos DB, Panza F, Park Y, Passos VM, Pednekar MS, Peres MA, Pérez C, Pérez-Fernández R, Pichardo R, Phua HP, Pistelli F, Plans P, Polakowska M, Poulter N, Prabhakaran D, Qiao Q, Rafiei M, Raitakari OT, Ramos LR, Rampal S, Rampal L, Rasmussen F, Reddy KK, Redon J, Revilla L, Reyes-García V, Roaeid RB, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rojas-Martinez R, Ronkainen K, Rosero-Bixby L, Roth GA, Sachdev HS, Sánchez JR, Sanisoglu SY, Sans S, Sarraf-Zadegan N, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schapochnik N, Schelleman H, Schneider IJ, Schooling C, Schwarz B, Sekuri C, Sereday MS, Serra-Majem L, Shaw J, Shera AS, Shi Z, Shiri R, Shu XO, Silva DA, Silva E, Simons LA, Smith M, Söderberg S, Soebardi S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Soysal A, Stattin P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Sudo A, Suka M, Sundh V, Sundquist K, Sundström J, Swai AB, Tai E, Tambs K, Tesfaye F, Thomas GN, Thorogood M, Tilvis RS, Tobias M, Torheim LE, Trenkwalder P, Tuomilehto JO, Tur JA, Tzourio C, Uhernik AI, Ukoli FA, Unwin N, Vander Hoorn S, Vanderpump MP, Varo JJ, Veierød B, Velásquez-Meléndez G, Verschuren M, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Vollenweider P, Volpato S, Wang N, Wang YX, Ward M, Waspadji S, Welin LX, Wilhelmsen L, Willeit J, Woodward M, Xavier AJ, Xu F, Xu L, Yamamoto A, Yang G, Yang X, Yeh LC, Yoon JS, You Q, Yu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zheng W, Zhou M, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, and Public and occupational health

Subjects
Gerontology, Adult, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Measures of national income and output, Population, Hypercholesterolemia, OBESIDADE, Blood Pressure, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Age Distribution, Risk Factors, cardiovascular disease, Physiology (medical), Diabetes mellitus, risk factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Obesity, Risk factor, Sex Distribution, education, Developing Countries, Cholesterolo, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Urbanization, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Cholesterol, Socioeconomic Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Western World, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

Background— It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008. Methods and Results— Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Western diet in both 1980 and 2008. In 1980, BMI rose with national income and then flattened at ≈Int$7000; by 2008, the relationship resembled an inverted U for women, peaking at middle-income levels. BMI had a positive relationship with the percentage of urban population in both 1980 and 2008. Fasting plasma glucose had weaker associations with these country macro characteristics, but it was positively associated with BMI. Conclusions— The changing associations of metabolic risk factors with macroeconomic variables indicate that there will be a global pandemic of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, together with high blood pressure in low-income countries, unless effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are implemented.

Published
2013

41. Fitness predicts long-term survival after a cardiovascular event: a prospective cohort study

Author

Barons, M.J., Turner, S., Parsons, N., Griffiths, F., Bethell, H., Weich, S., and Thorogood, M.

Subjects
RC
Abstract

Objectives: To identify the role of fitness, fitness\ud change, body mass index and other factors in\ud predicting long-term (>5 years) survival in patients\ud with coronary heart disease.\ud Design: Cohort study of patients with coronary heart\ud disease recruited from 1 January 1993 to 31 December\ud 2002, followed up to March 2011 (1 day to 18 years\ud 3 months, mean 10.7 years).\ud Setting: A community-based National Health Service\ud (NHS) cardiac rehabilitation programme serving the\ud Basingstoke and Alton area in Hampshire, UK.\ud Participants: An unselected cohort of NHS patients,\ud 2167 men and 547 women aged 28–88 years, who\ud attended the rehabilitation programme following acute\ud myocardial infarction, an episode of angina or\ud revascularisation, and had a baseline fitness test.\ud Main outcome measures: Cardiovascular mortality\ud and all-cause mortality.\ud Results: A high level of fitness (VO2≥22 mL/kg/min\ud for men, VO2≥19 mL/kg/min for women) at completion\ud of the programme was associated with decreased allcause\ud death, as was a prescription for statins or\ud aspirin, and female gender. Increase in all-cause\ud mortality was associated with higher age and ACE\ud inhibitors prescription. Higher risk of cardiovascular\ud mortality was associated with increasing age,\ud prescriptions for ACE inhibitor, and diagnosis of\ud myocardial infarction or angina as compared with the\ud other diagnoses.\ud Conclusions: Prior fitness and fitness improvement\ud are strong predictors of long-term survival in patients\ud who have experienced a cardiac event or procedure.\ud Some secondary prevention medications make a\ud significant contribution to reducing all-cause mortality\ud and cardiovascular mortality in these patients. This\ud study supports public health messages promoting\ud fitness for life.

Published
2015

42. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Supports 15 Major Studies in Hypertension Prevention and Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author

W.Tobe, S, Attaran, A, de Villiers, A, Featherstone, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Kengne, AP, Lopez, PC, Mills, E, Mukasa, B, Muldoon, K, Tayari, JC, Yaya, S, Kien Keat, N, Casas, JL, McCready, T, McKee, M, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Zainal, AO, Yusoff, K, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Yeates, K, Feng, X, He, F, Jan, S, Li, X, Lin, CP, Ma, J, Ma, Y, MacGregor, G, Nowson, C, Wang, H, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Yuan, J, Zhang, J, Goudge, J, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Myakayaka, N, Thorogood, M, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Arabshahi, S, Chow, C, Evans, R, Joshi, R, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Mahal, A, Maulik, P, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M, Srikanth, V, Suresh, O, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thrift, AG, Varma, R, Clifford, G, Heritier, S, MacMahon, S, Patel, A, Peiris, D, Prabhakaran, D, Praveen, D, Rodgers, A, Salam, A, Thom, S, Webster, R, Johnson, C, Krishnan, A, Mohan, S, Neal, B, Reddy, KS, Shivashankar, R, Sudhir, T, Faletoese, S, Ieremia, M, Moodie, M, Pillay, A, Schultz, J, Siitia, J, Snowdon, W, Sukhu, A, Ulberg, C, Viali, S, Webster, J, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, Gilman, RH, W.Tobe, S, Attaran, A, de Villiers, A, Featherstone, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Kengne, AP, Lopez, PC, Mills, E, Mukasa, B, Muldoon, K, Tayari, JC, Yaya, S, Kien Keat, N, Casas, JL, McCready, T, McKee, M, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Zainal, AO, Yusoff, K, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Yeates, K, Feng, X, He, F, Jan, S, Li, X, Lin, CP, Ma, J, Ma, Y, MacGregor, G, Nowson, C, Wang, H, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Yuan, J, Zhang, J, Goudge, J, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Myakayaka, N, Thorogood, M, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Arabshahi, S, Chow, C, Evans, R, Joshi, R, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Mahal, A, Maulik, P, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M, Srikanth, V, Suresh, O, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thrift, AG, Varma, R, Clifford, G, Heritier, S, MacMahon, S, Patel, A, Peiris, D, Prabhakaran, D, Praveen, D, Rodgers, A, Salam, A, Thom, S, Webster, R, Johnson, C, Krishnan, A, Mohan, S, Neal, B, Reddy, KS, Shivashankar, R, Sudhir, T, Faletoese, S, Ieremia, M, Moodie, M, Pillay, A, Schultz, J, Siitia, J, Snowdon, W, Sukhu, A, Ulberg, C, Viali, S, Webster, J, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, and Gilman, RH

Published
2016

43. National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3·0 million participants

Author

Farzadfar F, Finucane MM, Danaei G, Pelizzari PM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, Singh GM, Lin JK, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Salinas CA, Al Nsour M, Ali MM, Al Nuaim AR, Ambady R, Antonio M, Azizi F, Barbieri M, Barros H, Bautista LE, Bjerregaard P, Björkelund C, Bovet P, Brekenkamp J, Bursztyn M, de León AC, Campos H, Capuano V, Castetbon K, Chang CJ, Chen CJ, Choi JS, Chua L, Cífková R, Costanza MC, Eggertsen RW, Esteghamati A, Fan JG, Ferreccio C, Florez HJ, Fornés NS, Fowkes FG, Franceschini G, Frisk F, Giampaoli S, Gómez LF, Gomez Zumaquero JM, Graff Iversen S, Carvajal RG, Gupta R, Hansen TW, Hata J, He J, Herrera VM, Ho SC, Frisman GH, Ikeda N, Jaddou HY, Jafar TH, Janghorbani M, Joffres MR, Jonas JB, Kadiki OA, Karalis I, Kastarinen MJ, Katz J, Khalilzadeh O, Khang YH, Kiechl S, Kobayashi J, Kubínová R, Lam TH, Lawes CM, Lee J, Lim S, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin CC, Ma S, MacLean DR, Magliano DJ, Mannami T, Marques Vidal P, Miettola J, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mohamed MK, Mohan V, Mokdad A, Mollentze WF, Morales DD, Muiesan LM, Nabipour I, Nangia V, Nerhus KA, Neuhauser H, Oh SW, Ohkubo T, Onat A, Oróstegui M, Pan WH, Panagiotakos DB, Panza F, Passos VM, Pérez C, Pichardo R, Phua HP, Polakowska M, Rafiei M, Ramos LR, Reddy KK, Redon J, Revilla L, Roaeid RB, Ronkainen K, Roth GA, Sanisoglu SY, Sarraf Zadegan N, Schooling CM, Schwarz B, Silva E, Simons LA, Solfrizzi V, Stein AD, Stessman J, Suka M, Swai AB, Tai ES, Thomas GN, Thorogood M, Tuomilehto JO, Unwin N, Vander Hoorn S, Vanderpump MP, Volpato S, Welin LX, Willeit J, Woodward M, Xu L, Yamamoto A, Yang X, Yeh LC, Yoon JS, You Q, Zhang J., BARBAGALLO, Carlo Maria, and Farzadfar F, Finucane MM, Danaei G, Pelizzari PM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, Singh GM, Lin JK, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Salinas CA, Al Nsour M, Ali MM, Al-Nuaim AR, Ambady R, Antonio M, Azizi F, Barbagallo CM, Barbieri M, Barros H, Bautista LE, Bjerregaard P, Björkelund C, Bovet P, Brekenkamp J, Bursztyn M, de León AC, Campos H, Capuano V, Castetbon K, Chang CJ, Chen CJ, Choi JS, Chua L, Cífková R, Costanza MC, Eggertsen RW, Esteghamati A, Fan JG, Ferreccio C, Florez HJ, Fornés NS, Fowkes FG, Franceschini G, Frisk F, Giampaoli S, Gómez LF, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Graff -Iversen S, Carvajal RG, Gupta R, Hansen TW, Hata J, He J, Herrera VM, Ho SC, Frisman GH, Ikeda N, Jaddou HY, Jafar TH, Janghorbani M, Joffres MR, Jonas JB, Kadiki OA, Karalis I, Kastarinen MJ, Katz J, Khalilzadeh O, Khang YH, Kiechl S, Kobayashi J, Kubínová R, Lam TH, Lawes CM, Lee J, Lim S, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin CC, Ma S, MacLean DR, Magliano DJ, Mannami T, Marques-Vidal P, Miettola J, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mohamed MK, Mohan V, Mokdad A, Mollentze WF, Morales DD, Muiesan LM, Nabipour I, Nangia V, Nerhus KA, Neuhauser H, Oh SW, Ohkubo T, Onat A, Oróstegui M, Pan WH, Panagiotakos DB, Panza F, Passos VM, Pérez C, Pichardo R, Phua HP, Polakowska M, Rafiei M, Ramos LR, Reddy KK, Redon J, Revilla L, Roaeid RB, Ronkainen K, Roth GA, Sanisoglu SY, Sarraf-Zadegan N, Schooling CM, Schwarz B, Silva E, Simons LA, Solfrizzi V, Stein AD, Stessman J, Suka M, Swai AB, Tai ES, Thomas GN, Thorogood M, Tuomilehto JO, Unwin N, Vander Hoorn S, Vanderpump MP, Volpato S, Welin LX, Willeit J, Woodward M, Xu L, Yamamoto A, Yang X, Yeh LC, Yoon JS, You Q, Zhang J.

Subjects
Gerontology, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Uncertainty interval, Population, Hypercholesterolemia, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Health, Southeast asia, Nutrition Policy, Health examination, blood, Total cholesterol, Epidemiology, Global health, Medicine, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population mean, Bayes Theorem, General Medicine, Health Survey, Health Surveys, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Cholesterol, blood, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, drug therapy, Income, Male, Nutrition Policy, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health, drug therapy, Cholesterol, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health, Income, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, business, Demography, Human
Abstract

Summary Background Data for trends in serum cholesterol are needed to understand the effects of its dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological determinants; set intervention priorities; and evaluate national programmes. Previous analyses of trends in serum cholesterol were limited to a few countries, with no consistent and comparable global analysis. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean serum total cholesterol. Methods We estimated trends and their uncertainties in mean serum total cholesterol for adults 25 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (321 country-years and 3·0 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean total cholesterol by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative. Findings In 2008, age-standardised mean total cholesterol worldwide was 4·64 mmol/L (95% uncertainty interval 4·51–4·76) for men and 4·76 mmol/L (4·62–4·91) for women. Globally, mean total cholesterol changed little between 1980 and 2008, falling by less than 0·1 mmol/L per decade in men and women. Total cholesterol fell in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe, and in central and eastern Europe; the regional declines were about 0·2 mmol/L per decade for both sexes, with posterior probabilities of these being true declines 0·99 or greater. Mean total cholesterol increased in east and southeast Asia and Pacific by 0·08 mmol/L per decade (−0·06 to 0·22, posterior probability=0·86) in men and 0·09 mmol/L per decade (−0·07 to 0·26, posterior probability=0·86) in women. Despite converging trends, serum total cholesterol in 2008 was highest in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe; the regional mean was 5·24 mmol/L (5·08–5·39) for men and 5·23 mmol/L (5·03–5·43) for women. It was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa at 4·08 mmol/L (3·82–4·34) for men and 4·27 mmol/L (3·99–4·56) for women. Interpretation Nutritional policies and pharmacological interventions should be used to accelerate improvements in total cholesterol in regions with decline and to curb or prevent the rise in Asian populations and elsewhere. Population-based surveillance of cholesterol needs to be improved in low-income and middle-income countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.

Published
2011

45. Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: Findings from a global implementation research programme

Author

Peiris, D, Thompson, SR, Beratarrechea, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, Goudge, J, Gyamfi, J, Kamano, JH, Irazola, V, Johnson, C, Kengne, AP, Keat, NK, Miranda, JJ, Mohan, S, Mukasa, B, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Ogedegbe, O, Ovbiagele, B, Plange-Rhule, J, Praveen, D, Salam, A, Thorogood, M, Thrift, AG, Vedanthan, R, Waddy, SP, Webster, J, Webster, R, Yeates, K, Yusoff, K, Featherstone, A, McCready, T, Jan, S, Chow, C, Neal, B, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Myakayaka, N, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Thorogoo, M, Rodgers, A, Stephen Jan, P, Joshi, R, MacMahon, S, Maulik, P, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Jaime Miranda, J, Ponce-Lucero, V, Kimaiyo, S, Kofler, C, Gebregziabher, M, Warth, S, Waddy, S, Attaran, A, Yaya, S, Mills, E, Muldoon, K, de Villiers, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Lopez, PC, Tayari, JC, Lopez, P, Casas, JL, McKee, M, Zainal, AO, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Tobe, S, Feng, X, Yuan, J, He, F, MacGregor, G, Li, X, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Lin, CP, Zhang, J, Ma, J, Ma, Y, Wang, H, Nowson, C, Moodie, M, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Sudhir, T, Evans, R, Arabshahi, S, Mahal, A, Heritier, S, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M, Srikanth, V, Suresh, O, Peiris, D, Thompson, SR, Beratarrechea, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, Goudge, J, Gyamfi, J, Kamano, JH, Irazola, V, Johnson, C, Kengne, AP, Keat, NK, Miranda, JJ, Mohan, S, Mukasa, B, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Ogedegbe, O, Ovbiagele, B, Plange-Rhule, J, Praveen, D, Salam, A, Thorogood, M, Thrift, AG, Vedanthan, R, Waddy, SP, Webster, J, Webster, R, Yeates, K, Yusoff, K, Featherstone, A, McCready, T, Jan, S, Chow, C, Neal, B, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Myakayaka, N, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Thorogoo, M, Rodgers, A, Stephen Jan, P, Joshi, R, MacMahon, S, Maulik, P, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Jaime Miranda, J, Ponce-Lucero, V, Kimaiyo, S, Kofler, C, Gebregziabher, M, Warth, S, Waddy, S, Attaran, A, Yaya, S, Mills, E, Muldoon, K, de Villiers, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Lopez, PC, Tayari, JC, Lopez, P, Casas, JL, McKee, M, Zainal, AO, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Tobe, S, Feng, X, Yuan, J, He, F, MacGregor, G, Li, X, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Lin, CP, Zhang, J, Ma, J, Ma, Y, Wang, H, Nowson, C, Moodie, M, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Sudhir, T, Evans, R, Arabshahi, S, Mahal, A, Heritier, S, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M, Srikanth, V, and Suresh, O

Abstract

© 2015 Peiris et al. Background: The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases comprises the majority of the world's public research funding agencies. It is focussed on implementation research to tackle the burden of chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries and amongst vulnerable populations in high-income countries. In its inaugural research call, 15 projects were funded, focussing on lowering blood pressure-related disease burden. In this study, we describe a reflexive mapping exercise to identify the behaviour change strategies undertaken in each of these projects. Methods: Using the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, each team rated the capability, opportunity and motivation of the various actors who were integral to each project (e.g. community members, non-physician health workers and doctors in projects focussed on service delivery). Teams then mapped the interventions they were implementing and determined the principal policy categories in which those interventions were operating. Guidance was provided on the use of Behaviour Change Wheel to support consistency in responses across teams. Ratings were iteratively discussed and refined at several group meetings. Results: There was marked variation in the perceived capabilities, opportunities and motivation of the various actors who were being targeted for behaviour change strategies. Despite this variation, there was a high degree of synergy in interventions functions with most teams utilising complex interventions involving education, training, enablement, environmental restructuring and persuasion oriented strategies. Similar policy categories were also targeted across teams particularly in the areas of guidelines, communication/marketing and service provision with few teams focussing on fiscal measures, regulation and legislation. Conclusions: The large variation in preparedness to change behaviour amongst the principal actors across these projects suggests that the interventions themselves will be va

Published
2015

46. Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme.

Author

GACD Hypertension Research Programme, Writing Group, Peiris D, Thompson SR, Beratarrechea A, Cárdenas MK, Diez-Canseco F, Goudge J, Gyamfi J, Kamano JH, Irazola V, Johnson C, Kengne AP, Keat NK, Miranda JJ, Mohan S, Mukasa B, Ng E, Nieuwlaat R, Ogedegbe O, Ovbiagele B, Plange-Rhule J, Praveen D, Salam A, Thorogood M, Thrift AG, Vedanthan R, Waddy SP, Webster J, Webster R, Yeates K, Yusoff K, Hypertension Research Programme members, GACD Hypertension Research Programme, Writing Group, Peiris D, Thompson SR, Beratarrechea A, Cárdenas MK, Diez-Canseco F, Goudge J, Gyamfi J, Kamano JH, Irazola V, Johnson C, Kengne AP, Keat NK, Miranda JJ, Mohan S, Mukasa B, Ng E, Nieuwlaat R, Ogedegbe O, Ovbiagele B, Plange-Rhule J, Praveen D, Salam A, Thorogood M, Thrift AG, Vedanthan R, Waddy SP, Webster J, Webster R, Yeates K, Yusoff K, and Hypertension Research Programme members

Abstract

The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases comprises the majority of the world's public research funding agencies. It is focussed on implementation research to tackle the burden of chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries and amongst vulnerable populations in high-income countries. In its inaugural research call, 15 projects were funded, focussing on lowering blood pressure-related disease burden. In this study, we describe a reflexive mapping exercise to identify the behaviour change strategies undertaken in each of these projects.Using the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, each team rated the capability, opportunity and motivation of the various actors who were integral to each project (e.g. community members, non-physician health workers and doctors in projects focussed on service delivery). Teams then mapped the interventions they were implementing and determined the principal policy categories in which those interventions were operating. Guidance was provided on the use of Behaviour Change Wheel to support consistency in responses across teams. Ratings were iteratively discussed and refined at several group meetings.There was marked variation in the perceived capabilities, opportunities and motivation of the various actors who were being targeted for behaviour change strategies. Despite this variation, there was a high degree of synergy in interventions functions with most teams utilising complex interventions involving education, training, enablement, environmental restructuring and persuasion oriented strategies. Similar policy categories were also targeted across teams particularly in the areas of guidelines, communication/marketing and service provision with few teams focussing on fiscal measures, regulation and legislation.The large variation in preparedness to change behaviour amongst the principal actors across these projects suggests that the interventions themselves will be variably taken up, despite the similarity in approaches taken. The fi

Published
2015

50. Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Cholesterol). National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321country-years and 3·0 million participants

Author

Farzadfar, F, Finucane, Mm, Danaei, G, Pelizzari, Pm, Cowan, Mj, Paciorek, Cj, Singh, Gm, Lin, Jk, Stevens, Ga, Riley, Lm, collaborators Farzadfar F, Ezzati M., Ezzati, M, Salinas, Ca, Al Nsour, M, Ali, Mm, Al Nuaim AR, Ambady, R, Antonio, M, Azizi, F, Barbagallo, Cm, Barbieri, M, Barros, H, Bautista, Le, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bovet, P, Brekenkamp, J, Bursztyn, M, de León AC, Campos, H, Capuano, V, Castetbon, K, Chang, Cj, Chen, Cj, Choi, Js, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Costanza, Mc, Eggertsen, Rw, Esteghamati, A, Fan, Jg, Ferreccio, C, Florez, Hj, Fornés, Ns, Fowkes, Fg, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, Lf, Gomez Zumaquero JM, Graff Iversen, S, Carvajal, Rg, Gupta, R, Hansen, Tw, Hata, J, He, J, Herrera, Vm, Ho, Sc, Frisman, Gh, Ikeda, N, Jaddou, Hy, Jafar, Th, Janghorbani, M, Joffres, Mr, Jonas, Jb, Kadiki, Oa, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, Mj, Katz, J, Khalilzadeh, O, Khang, Yh, Kiechl, S, Kobayashi, J, Kubínová, R, Lam, Th, Lawes, Cm, Lee, J, Lim, S, Lin, Hh, Lin, X, Lin, Cc, Ma, S, Maclean, Dr, Magliano, Dj, Mannami, T, Marques Vidal, P, Miettola, J, Miquel, Jf, Miranda, Jj, Mohamed, Mk, Mohan, V, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, Wf, Morales, Dd, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Nabipour, I, Nangia, V, Nerhus, Ka, Neuhauser, H, Oh, Sw, Ohkubo, T, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Pan, Wh, Panagiotakos, Db, Panza, F, Passos, Vm, Pérez, C, Pichardo, R, Phua, Hp, Polakowska, M, Rafiei, M, Ramos, Lr, Reddy, Kk, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Roaeid, Rb, Ronkainen, K, Roth, Ga, Sanisoglu, Sy, Sarraf Zadegan, N, Schooling, Cm, Schwarz, B, Silva, E, Simons, La, Solfrizzi, V, Stein, Ad, Stessman, J, Suka, M, Swai, Ab, Tai, Es, Thomas, Gn, Thorogood, M, Tuomilehto, Jo, Unwin, N, Vander Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, Mp, Volpato, S, Welin, Lx, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, X, Yeh, Lc, Yoon, Js, You, Q, and Zhang, J.

Published
2011

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