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Motivated by complying with the EU Water Framework Directive (EU 2000) for ‘Øresund’ to reduce nitrogen emissions as well as to optimize the sewer system across their many shareholders, BIOFOS and DHI joined a large Intereuropean Research and Demonstration project, Digital Water City (DWC), under the Horizon2020 program. The paper presents methods and results of this work by September 2022., This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 820954.

This report contains the demonstration outcomes of 11 digital solutions under WP2. For each solution, it describes the demonstration site and challenges, the achievements in terms of performance and return on investment and the approach to assess and quantify the benefits via solution-specific key performance indicators (KPIs). Section 1 introduces the solutions and their targeted impacts. The following section 2 to 12 document the demonstration of the digital solutions (DSs). For each DS, the solution itself and demonstration are outlined, KPI definition is documented and return on experience is assessed. By M30, all DS were at the stage of approaching the end of the demonstration phase. KPI were defined, but not fully assessed, yet. The deliverable will be updated by M42. This deliverable is further part of the full “environment” of WP2 deliverables. The baseline for implementing and demonstrating the DS is detailed in D2.1 Implementation plan (M12), and technical specifications and expected benefits and recommendations for replication are given in D2.3 Technology report (final version in M36 as D2.4) This report is a draft version of the final report that will be delivered updated in M42. Following the external review, the executive summary has been added to reflect the consideration of the comments received. The final report (M42) will be enhanced following the reviewers’ comments by splitting solution-specific Return on Experience section into technological issues (developers’ perspective), financial/ economic benefits (CAPEX/OPEX) and end- users’ experience including more generalized return on experience to reflect on the added value of the DWC digital solutions for water infrastructure operators linking solution-specific KPIs to overall expected impact and project KPIs., This report is a draft version of the final report that will be delivered updated in M42 (November 2022).

In DWC, different digital solutions will be tested and assessed regarding their potential to improve the performance and return on investment of water infrastructures. The present report (D2.3) describes the individual solutions with their technical specifications, their addressed challenges and their added value in the form of fact sheets. The document aims to help cities and water utilities in finding appropriate solutions for their operational, environmental or public health deficits. The report is a draft version that will be updated and published as a final version in May 2022 (D2.4).

The Implementation Plan (D2.1) is a document, which outlines how and where different digital solutions for water infrastructures will be demonstrated and assessed in the scope of WP2 of the DWC project. It is the first of three deliverables and followed by demonstration and assessment of performance and return of investment by means of key performance indicators (KPI) also defined in this deliverable., Version (v0.1.0) submitted to EC.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas (GHG) and ozone depleter, with a warming potential 300 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). 1.2% of the total antrophopogenic N2O emissions are believed to originate from the wastewater treatment (WWT) sector. Conventional biological nutrient removal processes relying on nitrification and denitrification are known to produce N2O. A one year long-term study of N2O production and emissions was performed at Lynetten, Denmark’s largest WWTP. Nitrification and denitrification takes place by alternating process conditions as well as influent and effluent flows in 20 pairs of interconnected and surface aerated reactors. The long-term data revealed that the N2O emissions contribute to as much as 30% of the total CO2 footprint from the WWTP. High ammonium concentrations and long aeration phases lead to high N2O production and emissions rates. Nitrification phases were identified to produce and emit most of the N2O. High production and emissions were also associated with the afternoon loading peaks at the WWTP. During denitrification phases N2O was produced initially but consumed consequently. An effective control strategy was implemented, whereby N2O emissions were reduced from 0.8% to 0.3% of the nitrogen load during the mitigation period.

In DWC, different digital solutions will be tested and assessed regarding their potential to improve the performance and return on investment of water infrastructures. The present report (D2.3) describes the individual solutions with their technical specifications, their addressed challenges and their added value in the form of fact sheets. The document aims to help cities and water utilities in finding appropriate solutions for their operational, environmental or public health deficits. The report is a draft version that will be updated and published as a final version in May 2022 (D2.4).

In DWC, different digital solutions will be tested and assessed regarding their potential to improve the performance and return on investment of water infrastructures. The present report (D2.3) describes the individual solutions with their technical specifications, their addressed challenges and their added value in the form of fact sheets. The document aims to help cities and water utilities in finding appropriate solutions for their operational, environmental or public health deficits. The report is a draft version that will be updated and published as a final version in May 2022 (D2.4)., Version (v0.1.0) submitted to EC. Acces to interim version is restricted, but final version will be public.