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Videos when properly embedded within the curriculum might make learning the basic sciences such as human anatomy much more engaging for medical students. It is unclear how the use of video is advantageous. Possible scientific causations for such an observation include visual and auditory stimulation, coupled with ease of access for the learner. Video usage empowers the medical students to learn in an active manner. However, this cannot happen if motivation for self-directed learning is lacking. This research aims to 1) Elucidate qualitative and quantitative comments on how videos help to enhance anatomy learning. 2) Quantify the level of motivation for self-directedness in order for videos to be impactful amongst medical students. A short video was embedded into selected part of the 1st year anatomy curriculums (pharynx and larynx) for selected medical students (n=100). Separately, all students in the cohort (n=300) were assessed for their attitude towards active learning via a survey on motivation levels. This was done using the modified PRO-SDLS. Results showed that 85% of the participants enjoyed learning the anatomy of the pharynx and larynx with embedded videos (P<0.05). Specifically, they liked the Q&A sessions, the virtual chat platform, and the mode of delivery. Participants perceive it to be clearer, and more structured (P<0.05). Concomitantly, all medical students surveyed exhibited unusually high motivation for self-directed learning (≥ agreeing with probe questions in the PRO-SDLS) (P<0.05). This allows videos to be impactful. In conclusion, with videos, medical students appreciated the relevance of basic regional anatomy more in a statistically significant manner compared to controls. However, a threshold motivation is required for active learning to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-standing belief that multinodular goiters are associated with a lower risk of developing into carcinoma has been challenged by the results of some recent studies. In addition, we have noticed in our practice that a sizable proportion of cancers have been arising from nondominant nodules. We performed a retrospective study of 223 cases to determine (1) the incidence of carcinoma in multinodular goiters that required surgical management in our local, predominantly Asian population and (2) the incidence of carcinoma arising from nondominant nodules. We reviewed the records of all patients with a multinodular goiter who had undergone a thyroidectomy over a period of more than 10 years in our Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. We examined the histopathology reports for (1) the presence of carcinoma, (2) whether the carcinoma was isolated/unifocal or multifocal, (3) the histologic type of cancer, and (4) whether the isolated/unifocal cancers arose from the dominant or nondominant nodule. Our study population was made up of 47 males and 176 females, aged 15 to 90 years (mean: 53). We found that the incidence of malignancy in surgically treated multinodular goiters was 14.3% (32 of 223 patients). Of the 32 malignancies, 18 (56.3%) were isolated/unifocal and 14 (43.8%) were multifocal. In the isolated/unifocal group, 9 malignancies (50.0%) arose from nondominant nodules and 8 (44.4%) from dominant nodules; in the remaining case, the nodule of origin could not be determined. Our findings corroborate those in the recent literature in that the risk of malignancy associated with multinodular goiters is comparable to that of single thyroid nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a case of successful rehabilitation with cochlear implant in post-irradiation-induced hearing loss in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient. Post-irradiation sensorineural hearing loss is a disabling condition. Cochlear implantation may be valuable in overcoming this problem. In this study, a cochlear implant with a Combi 40 implant was used. Intraoperatively, the middle ear was found to be filled with thick and easily bleeding mucosa that indicated chronic inflammation. A dummy electrode was inserted to an insertion depth of 17 mm, but could not be advanced further. This was due to massive radiation-induced fibrous changes in the cochlear.

The article presents a case study of extensive necrotizing fasciitis (NF) following fat grafting for bilateral breast augmentation in a 27-year-old Chinese female.

We report results from a clinical trial for monitoring respiration and cardiac activity of patients during sleep using microbend fiber sensor. This sensor is used to acquire respiratory and heart beat information. We have collected reference data from standard Polysomnography and data from microbend fiber sensor on 22 patients. A new algorithm is developed to calculate breathing rate and heart rate simultaneously. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrates the measurements have good accuracy for monitoring purposes compared with the standard Polysomnography. An accuracy of 1.06bpm for breathing rate and 3.32bpm for heart rate has been validated for 30s averaging time although there were significant signal distortions under sleep conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a novel, fully synthetic, poly-urethane middle meatal dressing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)., Study Design: Case series with planned data collection., Setting: Tertiary care medical facility., Subjects and Methods: In total, 104 patients with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis were treated with patient-appropriate ESS and a poly-urethane sponge placed into their middle meatus at the end of operation, giving a total of 173 middle meatus stent placements. Patients were then assessed immediately postoperatively and 2, 6, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery for adverse systemic or local reaction to the stent and the incidence of postoperative infections., Results: There was no pain or allergic reaction encountered with this new material. There were 11 middle meati (6.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.2%-11.1%) with postoperative infection at 2 weeks follow-up. There were no other stent-related local reactions (ie, excessive bleeding, middle meatal synechia, or granulation) up to 16 weeks postoperatively. Residual middle meatal stent material was either absent or negligible at 2 weeks postoperatively., Conclusions: This first fully synthetic poly-urethane middle meatal dressing used during ESS demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and safety. The incidence of localized postoperative infection was also low.