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1. Task Supportive and Personalized Human-Large Language Model Interaction: A User Study

Author

Wang, Ben, Liu, Jiqun, Karimnazarov, Jamshed, and Thompson, Nicolas

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Large language model (LLM) applications, such as ChatGPT, are a powerful tool for online information-seeking (IS) and problem-solving tasks. However, users still face challenges initializing and refining prompts, and their cognitive barriers and biased perceptions further impede task completion. These issues reflect broader challenges identified within the fields of IS and interactive information retrieval (IIR). To address these, our approach integrates task context and user perceptions into human-ChatGPT interactions through prompt engineering. We developed a ChatGPT-like platform integrated with supportive functions, including perception articulation, prompt suggestion, and conversation explanation. Our findings of a user study demonstrate that the supportive functions help users manage expectations, reduce cognitive loads, better refine prompts, and increase user engagement. This research enhances our comprehension of designing proactive and user-centric systems with LLMs. It offers insights into evaluating human-LLM interactions and emphasizes potential challenges for under served users.

Published
2024
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20. Treatment outcomes for ARUBA-eligible brain arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of real-world data from the NVQI-QOD AVM registry with the ARUBA trial

Author

Alrohimi, Anas, primary, Achey, Rebecca L, additional, Thompson, Nicolas, additional, Abdalla, Ramez N, additional, Patterson, Thomas, additional, Moazeni, Yasaman, additional, Rasmussen, Peter A, additional, Toth, Gabor, additional, Bain, Mark D, additional, Ansari, Sameer A, additional, Hussain, Shazam M, additional, and Moore, Nina Z, additional

Published
2024
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27. The Effect of Cervical and Lumbar Decompression Surgery for Spinal Stenosis on Erectile Dysfunction.

Author

Wottrich, Stephanie, Kha, Stephanie, Thompson, Nicolas, Bakar, Dara, Yee, Philina, Melillo, Albert, Nash, Christopher, Healy, Andrew T., Steinmetz, Michael, and Mroz, Thomas

Subjects
SPINAL stenosis, SURGICAL decompression, IMPOTENCE, SPINAL surgery, POSTOPERATIVE period, SPINAL cord compression, HEALTH outcome assessment
Abstract

Study design: Observational study. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and evaluate the effects of decompressive surgery on erectile dysfunction in cervical spinal stenosis and lumbar canal stenosis patients. Methods: This observational, prospective analysis enrolled patients aged 18-80 with cervical spinal stenosis and/or lumbar canal stenosis that underwent respective decompressive surgery. The IIEF-5 questionnaire was administered preoperatively, and at 6- and 12-months postoperatively to assess erectile dysfunction severity. The EPIC database was queried to determine any postoperative complications and document prominent erectile dysfunction risk factors. Results: Of 79 patients included in the analysis, 42 (53.2%) completed the IIEF-5 at 6 months, and 62 (78.5%) completed it at 12 months. Eighteen had cervical stenosis only, 54 had lumbar stenosis only, and 7 had both. 72% (18/25) of cervical stenosis patients and 83.6% (51/61) of lumbar stenosis patients had erectile dysfunction preoperatively according to IIEF-5 responses. The average preoperative IIEF-5 score indicated significant presence of erectile dysfunction for both the cervical and lumbar stenosis groups. No significant differences were identified in IIEF-5 score deltas from pre- to both postoperative periods. The presence of erectile dysfunction in both the cervical and lumbar stenosis groups was not significantly associated with the presence of any documented risk factors. Conclusions: Our results suggest no significant improvement in overall erectile function postoperatively for patients with preoperative erectile dysfunction. This is important to address during patient counseling for decompression surgery candidates with cervical spinal stenosis and/or lumbar canal stenosis to manage expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. An Analysis of Benzodiazepine Prescribing to Primary Care Patients in a Large Healthcare System from 2019-2020.

Author

Weleff, Jeremy, Anand, Akhil, Squeri, Michael, Sieke, Rachel, Thompson, Nicolas R, and Barnett, Brian S.

Subjects
BENZODIAZEPINES, DRUG prescribing, PRIMARY care, COCAINE-induced disorders, PATIENT care, MEDICAL care
Abstract

We sought to quantify benzodiazepine prescribing by primary care providers from 2019 to 2020 and identify correlates of prescribing. We hypothesized prescribing would increase post-COVID-19 lockdown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with primary care visits in 2019 or 2020 in a large Ohio healthcare system. Demographics, diagnosis codes, and receipt of benzodiazepine prescriptions were collected. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription receipt during the whole study period and post-lockdown. 455,537 adult patients had 1,643,473 visits. Benzodiazepines were prescribed in 3.2% (53,049/1,643,473) of visits. Effect sizes for positive associations with benzodiazepine prescription were largest for anxiety disorders. For negative associations, they were largest for Black patients and patients with cocaine use disorder. Benzodiazepine prescribing was positively associated with multiple groups having contraindications, though effect sizes were small. Contrary to our hypothesis, odds of receiving a prescription were 8.8% lower post-lockdown. Benzodiazepine prescribing rates in our system compared favorably to national rates. Year over year odds of receiving a prescription were slightly lower post-lockdown. Racial disparities were present and deserve further study. Strategies to reduce benzodiazepine prescribing to patients with anxiety may yield the largest reductions for benzodiazepine prescribing in primary care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Sleep‐Disordered Breathing, Hypoxia, and Pulmonary Physiologic Influences in Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Heinzinger, Catherine M., primary, Thompson, Nicolas R., additional, Milinovich, Alex, additional, Diniz Araujo, Matheus Lima, additional, Orbea, Cinthya Pena, additional, Foldvary‐Schaefer, Nancy, additional, Haouzi, Philippe, additional, Faulx, Michael, additional, Van Wagoner, David R., additional, Chung, Mina K., additional, and Mehra, Reena, additional

Published
2023
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42. Use of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care '6 Clicks' Basic Mobility Inpatient Short Form and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict Hospital Discharge Disposition After Stroke

Author

Covert, Stephanie, Johnson, Joshua K., Stilphen, Mary, Passek, Sandra, Thompson, Nicolas R., and Katzan, Irene

Subjects
Hospitals -- Admission and discharge, Activities of daily living -- Analysis, Stroke patients -- Care and treatment -- Behavior, Health
Abstract

Objective. Therapists in the hospital are charged with making timely discharge recommendations to improve access to rehabilitation after stroke. The objective of this study was to identify the predictive ability of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care '6 Clicks' Basic Mobility Inpatient Short Form (6 Clicks mobility) score and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for actual hospital discharge disposition after stroke. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from an academic hospital in the United States for 1543 patients with acute stroke and a 6 Clicks mobility score. Discharge to home, a skilled nursing facility (SNF), or an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) was the primary outcome. Associations among these outcomes and 6 Clicks mobility and NIHSS scores, alone or together, were tested using multinomial logistic regression, and the predictive ability of these scores was calculated using concordance statistics. Results. A higher 6 Clicks mobility score alone was associated with a decreased odds of actual discharge to an IRF or an SNF. The 6 Clicks mobility score alone was a strong predictor of discharge to home versus an IRF or an SNF. However, predicting discharge to an IRF versus an SNF was stronger when the 6 Clicks mobility score was considered in combination with the NIHSS score, age, sex, and race. Conclusion. The 6 Clicks mobility score alone can guide discharge decision making after stroke, particularly for discharge to home versus an SNF or an IRF. Determining discharge to an SNF versus an IRF could be improved by also considering the NIHSS score, age, sex, and race. Future studies should seek to identify which additional characteristics improve predictability for these separate discharge destinations. Impact. The use of outcome measures can improve therapist confidence in making discharge recommendations for people with stroke, can enhance hospital throughput, and can expedite access to rehabilitation, ultimately affecting functional outcomes., Anew or recurrent stroke is experienced by an estimated 795,000 adults annually in the United States and often results in serious long-term disability. (1) Appropriate rehabilitation has been shown to [...]

Published
2020
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