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12. Micas

Author

Thompson, Michael L., primary and Ukrainczyk, Ljerka, additional

Published
2018
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13. No-tillage does not on average reduce soil carbon storage compared to conventional tillage. Comment on “Declines in soil carbon storage under no tillage can be alleviated in the long run” by Cai et al.

Author

Simpson, Zachary P., primary, Jordahl, Jim, additional, Leptin, Andrea, additional, Miguez, Fernando E., additional, Niemi, Jarad, additional, Schulte, Lisa A., additional, Thompson, Michael L., additional, Villarino, Sebastián H., additional, and McDaniel, Marshall D., additional

Published
2022
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21. Assessing biological soil health through decomposition of inexpensive household items

Author

Middleton, Teresa E., primary, McCombs, Audrey L., additional, Gailans, Stefan R., additional, Carlson, Sarah, additional, Karlen, Douglas L., additional, Moore, Kenneth J., additional, Liebman, Matt Z., additional, Kaspar, Thomas C., additional, Al-Kaisi, Mahdi M., additional, Laird, David A., additional, Wiedenhoeft, Mary H., additional, Delate, Kathleen, additional, Cambardella, Cynthia A., additional, Thompson, Michael L., additional, Heaton, Emily A., additional, and McDaniel, Marshall D., additional

Published
2021
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23. A Report on the Status, Cause, and Future of Student Unrest on American College and University Campuses.

Author

Northern Illinois Univ., De Kalb., Ellis, Joseph R., and Thompson, Michael L.

Abstract

This study describes an effort to determine faculty, student and administrator opinions regarding the status, causes and consequences of student unrest in senior colleges and universities throughout the country. Questionnaires were sent to a student, faculty member and administrator at each of 612 accredited, four-year institutions selected at random. Completed questionnaires were received from 983 persons or 53.6%. The findings showed that student unrest has manifested itself on the majority of campuses during the past 5 years, but less than 5% of faculty and students participated in activities related to unrest. Student unrest tended to be expressed through legal and generally accepted protest activities. Administrators rarely ignored the protests and tended to engage in dialogue with the students. Relatively few resorted to the use of force. On most campuses, the situations that led to unrest no longer exist or are less severe. The lack of communication, especially between students and administrators, was most frequently cited as a cause for unrest, but lack of opportunity for student participation in policy formation also contributed significantly, as did objection to the principle of in loco parentis. Expectations are that student unrest will continue, that the amount and scope of demands as well as resistance to them will increase, but that many of the present demands will be met. (AF)

Published
1969

24. Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

Author

Murrell, T. Scott, Mikkelsen, Robert L., Sulewski, Gavin, Norton, Robert, and Thompson, Michael L.

Subjects
Agriculture, Plant Biochemistry, Soil Science & Conservation, Applied Ecology, Soil Science, Bioavailable Potassium, Fertilizer Management, Plant Nutrition, Potash, Soil Chemistry, Sustainability, Open access, Agricultural science, Botany & plant sciences, Biochemistry, Sedimentology & pedology, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences, bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere::RBGB Soil science, sedimentology, bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology
Abstract

This open access book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops. There was general agreement that the potassium recommendations currently in general use are oversimplified, outdated, and jeopardize soil, plant, and human health. Accordingly, this book puts forward a significantly expanded K cycle that more accurately depicts K inputs, losses and transformations in soils. This new cycle serves as both the conceptual basis for the scientific discussions in this book and a framework upon which to build future improvements. Previously used approaches are critically reviewed and assessed, not only for their relevance to future enhancements, but also for their use as metrics of sustainability. An initial effort is made to link K nutrition in crops and K nutrition in humans. The book offers an invaluable asset for graduate students, educators, industry scientists, data scientists, and advanced agronomists.

Published
2021
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29. Environmental soil quality and vegetable safety under current greenhouse vegetable production management in China

Author

Kalkhajeh, Yusef Kianpoor, Huang, Biao, Hu, Wenyou, Ma, Chao, Gao, Hongjian, Thompson, Michael L., Bruun Hansen, Hans Christian, Kalkhajeh, Yusef Kianpoor, Huang, Biao, Hu, Wenyou, Ma, Chao, Gao, Hongjian, Thompson, Michael L., and Bruun Hansen, Hans Christian

Abstract

Rapid expansion of greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) in China over the last few decades has substantially promoted vegetable production and farmers’ incomes. However, the semi-closed GVP environment can lead to accumulation of soil contaminants and impose a threat to human health through consumption of vegetables. This paper reviews the current environmental soil status and vegetable safety in Chinese GVPs. Furthermore, we propose several lines of future research to better understand the sources and pathways of GVP contaminants and to identify alternative management to achieve sustainable development. Our review suggests that legacy agricultural practices, including intensive application of agrochemicals and frequent irrigation, have led to significant soil acidification and salinization, as well as accumulation of nutrients and emerging contaminants in human-altered and human-transported soils used for GVP and in GVP vegetables. Over fertilization has led to very low nutrient use efficiencies, particularly for phosphorus and nitrogen. In addition, high inputs of manure, plastic films, and pesticides have promoted significant accumulation of organochlorines, antibiotics, phthalic acid esters, and heavy metals in soils and vegetables at levels exceeding or close to their permitted environmental threshold values. Leafy vegetables with large surface area have the highest levels of contaminants which, in turn, can cause health risks to consumers. Nevertheless, the sources and the paths of contaminants entering the soils and vegetables have not been widely investigated, particularly in the southwestern and northern Chinese provinces. Future research should include detailed documentation of agrochemicals and soil properties involved in the retention, degradation, and mobilization of contaminants. Furthermore, new cleaning technologies should be taken in practice to mitigate or prevent contamination of soil and vegetables.

Published
2021

34. Role of smectite quasicrystal dynamics in adsorption of dinitrophenol

Author

Pereira, Tanya R., Laird, David A., Thompson, Michael L., Johnston, Cliff T., Teppen, Brian J., Li, Hui, and Boyd, Stephen A.

Subjects
Adsorption -- Research, Smectite -- Properties, Smectite -- Influence, Quasicrystals -- Properties, Quasicrystals -- Influence, Dinitrophenols -- Properties, Dinitrophenols -- Control, X-rays -- Diffraction, X-rays -- Methods, Earth sciences
Abstract

Understanding sorption mechanisms and processes is critical for predicting the fate of organic pollutants in soils and for development of effective remediation strategies for contaminated soils. A novel suspension x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to elucidate the influence of the size and swelling of K- and Ca-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions on adsorption of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC). X-ray diffraction patterns of randomly oriented smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions were compared with diffraction patterns for air-dried and oven-dried oriented films of the same smectites. The XRD patterns reveal that the phenolate form of DNOC, which is predominant in solution with pH [greater than or equal to] 4.4, is primarily adsorbed on external surfaces of K-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions and may enter the interlayers as a K-DNOC complex when K-smectite quasicrystals coalesce. In Ca-smectite suspensions with pH > 4.4, the phenolate form of DNOC is adsorbed only on external surfaces; however, DNOC may become entrapped between substacks within Ca-smectite quasicrystals as the smectite suspension dries to form an oriented film. The neutral form of DNOC (pH [less than or equal to] 4.4) was adsorbed in the interlayers of a low-charge-density Ca-smectite in aqueous suspension but not in the interlayers of the high-charge-density Casmectite, apparently due to steric restrictions. Clearly, XRD analysis is a valuable tool for gaining insight into interactions between smectites and organic molecules, but caution must be used in extrapolating data based on XRD patterns of air-dried and oven-dried smectite films to processes that may occur in aqueous smectite suspensions. Abbreviations: Ca-SAz-1, calcium-saturated Arizona montmorillonite; Ca-SWy-2, calcium-saturated Wyoming montmotillonite; DNB, 1,3-dinitrobenzene; DNOC, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol; K-SAz-1, potassium-saturated Arizona montmorillonite; K-SWy-2, potassium-saturated Wyoming montmotillonite; NACs, nitroaromatic compounds; p[K.sub.a], acid dissociation constant; RH, relative humidity; SAz-1, Arizona montmorillonite reference clay (smectite); SWy-2, Wyoming montmorillonite reference clay (smectite); XRD, x-ray diffraction.

Published
2008

37. Carbon Stabilization by Clays in the Environment

Author

Chen, Yona, additional, Chenu, Claire, additional, Elsass, Françoise, additional, Gonzalez, Javier M., additional, Hayes, Michael H.B., additional, Laird, David A., additional, Plante, Alain, additional, Simpson, Andre J., additional, Song, Guixue, additional, Tarcjotzly, Jorge, additional, Thompson, Michael L., additional, Virto, I., additional, and Wershaw, Robert L., additional

Published
2009
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38. Sorption of phenanthrene by reference smectites

Author

Hundal, Lakhwinder S., Thompson, Michael L., Laird, David A., and Carmo, Ana M.

Subjects
Soil pollution -- Research, Pollution control industry -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

Smectites are used to sorb aqueous phenanthrene to determine the method of hydrophobic organic compound sorption in sediments and soils. Graphs show the sorption of phenanthrene into various smectites, and the structure of a smectite is drawn to show the physical method of sorption.

Published
2001

40. Sulfur in biosolids-derived fulvic acid: characterization by XANES spectroscopy and selective dissolution approaches

Author

Hundal, Lakhwinder S., Carmo, Ana M., Bleam, William L., and Thompson, Michael L.

Subjects
Fulvic acids -- Research, Chemical industry -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

In this study, a selective dissolution analysis and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were used to analyze the chemistry of S-containing ligands in biosolids-derived fulvic acid. The article is broken down into an introduction, a discussion of the experiment and its results. Various charts and tables accompany the article.

Published
2000

41. Linking chemical structure of dissolved organic carbon and microbial community composition with submergence-induced soil organic carbon mineralization

Author

Ma, Chao, primary, Chen, Xi, additional, Zhang, Jingzhi, additional, Zhu, Yuanpeng, additional, Kalkhajeh, Yusef Kianpoor, additional, Chai, Rushan, additional, Ye, Xinxin, additional, Gao, Hong-jian, additional, Chu, Wenying, additional, Mao, Jing-dong, additional, and Thompson, Michael L., additional

Published
2019
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