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1. A Real Case Application of Game Theoretical Concepts in a Complex Decision-Making Process : Case Study ERTMS

Author

Bekius, F., Meijer, Sebastiaan, Thomassen, H., Bekius, F., Meijer, Sebastiaan, and Thomassen, H.

Abstract

Engineering systems are complex, amongst others due to the interdependencies between actor and technical aspects. This complexity has consequences for the way of designing such systems and, in particular, for the decision-making process. Recognizing the impossibility of having an optimal system design in such complex systems, this article explores how a game theoretical characterization of a decision-making process assists in the organization and design of the process itself. In contrast to a game theoretical analysis, which results in optimal outcomes, the characterization is fed back to the designers of the decision-making process during the course of the process. The study analyses how the game concept characterization was used, i.e., which strategies were defined during the game theory interventions, and what the consequences of these strategies were for the design of the decision-making process. The design of a new safety system ERTMS for the Dutch railway sector is the context in which the study was performed. The contribution is a successful approach to complex decision-making in multi-actor systems by identification of multiple game concepts over time, with periodic feedback into the designing system, and not the actual decision-making itself. In short, it supported adapting to an actor focus on the process, it affected the role and responsibilities of the program management, it contributed to (de)coupling of issues, and it influenced the capability of creating awareness amongst actors of the urgency of the decision window. The paper ends with reflections on the experience of intervening in a decision-making process with game theoretical concepts., QC 20220530

Published
2022
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3. Experimental Simulation of Environmental Warming Selects against Pigmented Morphs of Land Snails

Author

Kohler, H. R., Capowiez, Y., Mazzia, C., Eckstein, H., Kaczmarek, N., Bilton, M. C., Burmester, J. K. Y., Capowiez, L., Chueca, L. J., Favilli, L., Gomila, J. F., Manganelli, G., Mazzuca, S., Moreno-Rueda, G., Peschke, K., Piro, A., Cardona, J. Q., Sawallich, L., Staikou, A. E., Thomassen, H. A., Henri, A., Triebskorn, R., University of Tübingen, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), University of Granada [Granada], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, ProjektDEAL, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
global change, oxidative stress, radiation, shell color, stress proteins, thermal selection, lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Original Research
Abstract

In terrestrial snails, thermal selection acts on shell coloration. However, the biological relevance of small differences in the intensity of shell pigmentation and the associated thermodynamic, physiological, and evolutionary consequences for snail diversity within the course of environmental warming are still insufficiently understood. To relate temperature‐driven internal heating, protein and membrane integrity impairment, escape behavior, place of residence selection, water loss, and mortality, we used experimentally warmed open‐top chambers and field observations with a total of >11,000 naturally or experimentally colored individuals of the highly polymorphic species Theba pisana (O.F. MÜller, 1774). We show that solar radiation in their natural Mediterranean habitat in Southern France poses intensifying thermal stress on increasingly pigmented snails that cannot be compensated for by behavioral responses. Individuals of all morphs acted neither jointly nor actively competed in climbing behavior, but acted similarly regardless of neighbor pigmentation intensity. Consequently, dark morphs progressively suffered from high internal temperatures, oxidative stress, and a breakdown of the chaperone system. Concomitant with increasing water loss, mortality increased with more intense pigmentation under simulated global warming conditions. In parallel with an increase in mean ambient temperature of 1.34°C over the past 30 years, the mortality rate of pigmented individuals in the field is, currently, about 50% higher than that of white morphs. A further increase of 1.12°C, as experimentally simulated in our study, would elevate this rate by another 26%. For 34 T. pisana populations from locations that are up to 2.7°C warmer than our experimental site, we show that both the frequency of pigmented morphs and overall pigmentation intensity decrease with an increase in average summer temperatures. We therefore predict a continuing strong decline in the frequency of pigmented morphs and a decrease in overall pigmentation intensity with ongoing global change in areas with strong solar radiation., We simulated environmental warming for 1.12°C in the Mediterranean, and related temperature‐driven internal heating, protein and membrane integrity impairment, escape behavior, place of residence selection, water loss, and mortality in a total of >11,000 naturally or experimentally colored individuals of the highly polymorphic land snail species Theba pisana. These molecular and physiological responses lead to elevated mortality in naturally pigmented morphs by 26%. By comparing the situation in 35 Mediterranean T. pisana populations, we show that both the frequency of pigmented morphs and overall pigmentation intensity decrease with an increase in average summer temperatures.

Published
2021
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7. Environmental variation and rivers govern the structure of chimpanzee genetic diversity in a biodiversity hotspot

Author

Mitchell, M. W., Locatelli, Sabrina, Clee, P. R. S., Thomassen, H. A., and Gonder, M. K.

Abstract

Background: The mechanisms that underlie the diversification of tropical animals remain poorly understood, but new approaches that combine geo-spatial modeling with spatially explicit genetic data are providing fresh insights on this topic. Data about the diversification of tropical mammals remain particularly sparse, and vanishingly few opportunities exist to study endangered large mammals that increasingly exist only in isolated pockets. The chimpanzees of Cameroon represent a unique opportunity to examine the mechanisms that promote genetic differentiation in tropical mammals because the region is home to two chimpanzee subspecies: Pan troglodytes ellioti and P. t. trogolodytes. Their ranges converge in central Cameroon, which is a geographically, climatically and environmentally complex region that presents an unparalleled opportunity to examine the roles of rivers and/or environmental variation in influencing the evolution of chimpanzee populations. Results: We analyzed microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA HVRI sequencing data from wild chimpanzees sampled at a fine geographic scale across Cameroon and eastern Nigeria using a spatially explicit approach based upon Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling. Both the Sanaga River and environmental variation were found to contribute to driving separation of the subspecies. The importance of environmental variation differed among subspecies. Gene-environment associations were weak in P. t. troglodytes, whereas environmental variation was found to play a much larger role in shaping patterns of genetic differentiation in P. t. ellioti. Conclusions: We found that both the Sanaga River and environmental variation likely play a role in shaping patterns of chimpanzee genetic diversity. Future studies using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are necessary to further understand how rivers and environmental variation contribute to shaping patterns of genetic variation in chimpanzees.

Published
2015

12. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG

Author

Classen, C. F., primary, William, D., additional, Linnebacher, M., additional, Farhod, A., additional, Kedr, W., additional, Elsabe, B., additional, Fadel, S., additional, Van Gool, S., additional, De Vleeschouwer, S., additional, Koks, C., additional, Garg, A., additional, Ehrhardt, M., additional, Riva, M., additional, Agostinis, P., additional, Graf, N., additional, Yao, T.-W., additional, Yoshida, Y., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, James, D., additional, Nicolaides, T., additional, Kebudi, R., additional, Cakir, F. B., additional, Gorgun, O., additional, Agaoglu, F. Y., additional, Darendeliler, E., additional, Al-Kofide, A., additional, Al-Shail, E., additional, Khafaga, Y., additional, Al-Hindi, H., additional, Dababo, M., additional, Haq, A. U., additional, Anas, M., additional, Barria, M. G., additional, Siddiqui, K., additional, Hassounah, M., additional, Ayas, M., additional, van Zanten, S. V., additional, Jansen, M., additional, van Vuurden, D., additional, Huisman, M., additional, Vugts, D., additional, Hoekstra, O., additional, van Dongen, G., additional, Kaspers, G., additional, Cockle, J., additional, Ilett, E., additional, Scott, K., additional, Bruning-Richardson, A., additional, Picton, S., additional, Short, S., additional, Melcher, A., additional, Benesch, M., additional, Warmuth-Metz, M., additional, von Bueren, A. O., additional, Hoffmann, M., additional, Pietsch, T., additional, Kortmann, R.-D., additional, Eyrich, M., additional, Rutkowski, S., additional, Fruhwald, M. C., additional, Faber, J., additional, Kramm, C., additional, Porkholm, M., additional, Valanne, L., additional, Lonnqvist, T., additional, Holm, S., additional, Lannering, B., additional, Riikonen, P., additional, Wojcik, D., additional, Sehested, A., additional, Clausen, N., additional, Harila-Saari, A., additional, Schomerus, E., additional, Thorarinsdottir, H. K., additional, Lahteenmaki, P., additional, Arola, M., additional, Thomassen, H., additional, Saarinen-Pihkala, U. M., additional, Kivivuori, S.-M., additional, Buczkowicz, P., additional, Hoeman, C., additional, Rakopoulos, P., additional, Pajovic, S., additional, Morrison, A., additional, Bouffet, E., additional, Bartels, U., additional, Becher, O., additional, Hawkins, C., additional, Gould, T. W. A., additional, Rahman, C. V., additional, Smith, S. J., additional, Barrett, D. A., additional, Shakesheff, K. M., additional, Grundy, R. G., additional, Rahman, R., additional, Barua, N., additional, Cronin, D., additional, Gill, S., additional, Lowisl, S., additional, Hochart, A., additional, Maurage, C.-A., additional, Rocourt, N., additional, Vinchon, M., additional, Kerdraon, O., additional, Escande, F., additional, Grill, J., additional, Pick, V. K., additional, Leblond, P., additional, Burzynski, G., additional, Janicki, T., additional, Burzynski, S., additional, Marszalek, A., additional, Ramani, N., additional, Zaky, W., additional, Kannan, G., additional, Morani, A., additional, Sandberg, D., additional, Ketonen, L., additional, Maher, O., additional, Corrales-Medina, F., additional, Meador, H., additional, Khatua, S., additional, Brassesco, M., additional, Delsin, L., additional, Roberto, G., additional, Silva, C., additional, Ana, L., additional, Rego, E., additional, Scrideli, C., additional, Umezawa, K., additional, Tone, L., additional, Kim, S. J., additional, Kim, C.-Y., additional, Kim, I.-A., additional, Han, J. H., additional, Choi, B.-S., additional, Ahn, H. S., additional, Choi, H. S., additional, Haque, F., additional, Layfield, R., additional, Grundy, R., additional, Gandola, L., additional, Pecori, E., additional, Biassoni, V., additional, Schiavello, E., additional, Chiruzzi, C., additional, Spreafico, F., additional, Modena, P., additional, Bach, F., additional, Pignoli, E., additional, Massimino, M., additional, Drogosiewicz, M., additional, Dembowska-Baginska, B., additional, Jurkiewicz, E., additional, Filipek, I., additional, Perek-Polnik, M., additional, Swieszkowska, E., additional, Perek, D., additional, Bender, S., additional, Jones, D. T., additional, Warnatz, H.-J., additional, Hutter, B., additional, Zichner, T., additional, Gronych, J., additional, Korshunov, A., additional, Eils, R., additional, Korbel, J. O., additional, Yaspo, M.-L., additional, Lichter, P., additional, Pfister, S. M., additional, Yadavilli, S., additional, Becher, O. J., additional, Kambhampati, M., additional, Packer, R. J., additional, Nazarian, J., additional, Lechon, F. C., additional, Fowkes, L., additional, Khabra, K., additional, Martin-Retortillo, L. M., additional, Marshall, L. V., additional, Vaidya, S., additional, Koh, D.-M., additional, Leach, M. O., additional, Pearson, A. D., additional, Zacharoulis, S., additional, Schrey, D., additional, Barone, G., additional, Panditharatna, E., additional, Stampar, M., additional, Siu, A., additional, Gordish-Dressman, H., additional, Devaney, J., additional, Hwang, E. I., additional, Chung, A. H., additional, Mittapalli, R. K., additional, Elmquist, W. F., additional, Castel, D., additional, Debily, M.-A., additional, Philippe, C., additional, Truffaux, N., additional, Taylor, K., additional, Calmon, R., additional, Boddaert, N., additional, Le Dret, L., additional, Saulnier, P., additional, Lacroix, L., additional, Mackay, A., additional, Jones, C., additional, Puget, S., additional, Sainte-Rose, C., additional, Blauwblomme, T., additional, Varlet, P., additional, Entz-Werle, N., additional, Maugard, C., additional, Bougeard, G., additional, Nguyen, A., additional, Chenard, M. P., additional, Schneider, A., additional, Gaub, M. P., additional, Tsoli, M., additional, Vanniasinghe, A., additional, Luk, P., additional, Dilda, P., additional, Haber, M., additional, Hogg, P., additional, Ziegler, D., additional, Simon, S., additional, Monje, M., additional, Gurova, K., additional, Gudkov, A., additional, Zapotocky, M., additional, Churackova, M., additional, Malinova, B., additional, Zamecnik, J., additional, Kyncl, M., additional, Tichy, M., additional, Puchmajerova, A., additional, Stary, J., additional, Sumerauer, D., additional, Boult, J., additional, Vinci, M., additional, Perryman, L., additional, Box, G., additional, Jury, A., additional, Popov, S., additional, Ingram, W., additional, Eccles, S., additional, Robinson, S., additional, Emir, S., additional, Demir, H. A., additional, Bayram, C., additional, Cetindag, F., additional, Kabacam, G. B., additional, Fettah, A., additional, Li, J., additional, Jamin, Y., additional, Cummings, C., additional, Bamber, J., additional, Sinkus, R., additional, Nandhabalan, M., additional, Bjerke, L., additional, Burford, A., additional, von Bueren, A., additional, Baudis, M., additional, Clarke, P., additional, Collins, I., additional, Workman, P., additional, Olaciregui, N., additional, Mora, J., additional, Carcaboso, A., additional, Bullock, A., additional, Alonso, M., additional, de Torres, C., additional, Cruz, O., additional, Pencreach, E., additional, Moussalieh, F. M., additional, Guenot, D., additional, Namer, I., additional, Pollack, I., additional, Jakacki, R., additional, Butterfield, L., additional, Hamilton, R., additional, Panigrahy, A., additional, Potter, D., additional, Connelly, A., additional, Dibridge, S., additional, Whiteside, T., additional, Okada, H., additional, Ahsan, S., additional, Raabe, E., additional, Haffner, M., additional, Warren, K., additional, Quezado, M., additional, Ballester, L., additional, Eberhart, C., additional, Rodriguez, F., additional, Ramachandran, C., additional, Nair, S., additional, Quirrin, K.-W., additional, Khatib, Z., additional, Escalon, E., additional, Melnick, S., additional, Classen, C. F., additional, Hofmann, M., additional, Schmid, I., additional, Simon, T., additional, Maass, E., additional, Russo, A., additional, Fleischhack, G., additional, Becker, M., additional, Hauch, H., additional, Sander, A., additional, Grasso, C., additional, Berlow, N., additional, Liu, L., additional, Davis, L., additional, Huang, E., additional, Woo, P., additional, Tang, Y., additional, Ponnuswami, A., additional, Chen, S., additional, Huang, Y., additional, Hutt-Cabezas, M., additional, Dret, L., additional, Meltzer, P., additional, Mao, H., additional, Abraham, J., additional, Fouladi, M., additional, Svalina, M. N., additional, Wang, N., additional, Hulleman, E., additional, Li, X.-N., additional, Keller, C., additional, Spellman, P. T., additional, Pal, R., additional, Jansen, M. H. A., additional, Sewing, A. C. P., additional, Lagerweij, T., additional, Vuchts, D. J., additional, van Vuurden, D. G., additional, Caretti, V., additional, Wesseling, P., additional, Kaspers, G. J. L., additional, Cohen, K., additional, Pearl, M., additional, Kogiso, M., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Qi, L., additional, Lindsay, H., additional, Lin, F., additional, Berg, S., additional, Muscal, J., additional, Amayiri, N., additional, Tabori, U., additional, Campbel, B., additional, Bakry, D., additional, Aronson, M., additional, Durno, C., additional, Gallinger, S., additional, Malkin, D., additional, Qaddumi, I., additional, Musharbash, A., additional, Swaidan, M., additional, Al-Hussaini, M., additional, Shandilya, S., additional, McCully, C., additional, Murphy, R., additional, Akshintala, S., additional, Cole, D., additional, Macallister, R. P., additional, Cruz, R., additional, Widemann, B., additional, Salloum, R., additional, Smith, A., additional, Glaunert, M., additional, Ramkissoon, A., additional, Peterson, S., additional, Baker, S., additional, Chow, L., additional, Sandgren, J., additional, Pfeifer, S., additional, Popova, S., additional, Alafuzoff, I., additional, de Stahl, T. D., additional, Pietschmann, S., additional, Kerber, M. J., additional, Zwiener, I., additional, Henke, G., additional, Muller, K., additional, Sieow, N. Y.-F., additional, Hoe, R. H. M., additional, Tan, A. M., additional, Chan, M. Y., additional, Soh, S. Y., additional, Burrell, K., additional, Chornenkyy, Y., additional, Remke, M., additional, Golbourn, B., additional, Barzczyk, M., additional, Taylor, M., additional, Rutka, J., additional, Dirks, P., additional, Zadeh, G., additional, Agnihotri, S., additional, Hashizume, R., additional, Ihara, Y., additional, Andor, N., additional, Chen, X., additional, Lerner, R., additional, Huang, X., additional, Tom, M., additional, Solomon, D., additional, Mueller, S., additional, Petritsch, C., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Waldman, T., additional, Dujua, A., additional, Co, J., additional, Hernandez, F., additional, Doromal, D., additional, Hegde, M., additional, Wakefield, A., additional, Brawley, V., additional, Grada, Z., additional, Byrd, T., additional, Chow, K., additional, Krebs, S., additional, Heslop, H., additional, Gottschalk, S., additional, Yvon, E., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Cornilleau, G., additional, Paulsson, J., additional, Andreiuolo, F., additional, Guerrini-Rousseau, L., additional, Geoerger, B., additional, Vassal, G., additional, Ostman, A., additional, Parsons, D. W., additional, Trevino, L. R., additional, Gao, F., additional, Shen, X., additional, Hampton, O., additional, Kosigo, M., additional, Baxter, P. A., additional, Su, J. M., additional, Chintagumpala, M., additional, Dauser, R., additional, Adesina, A., additional, Plon, S. E., additional, Wheeler, D. A., additional, Lau, C. C., additional, Gielen, G., additional, Muehlen, A. z., additional, Kwiecien, R., additional, Wolff, J., additional, Lulla, R. R., additional, Laskowski, J., additional, Goldman, S., additional, Gopalakrishnan, V., additional, Fangusaro, J., additional, Kieran, M., additional, Fontebasso, A., additional, Papillon-Cavanagh, S., additional, Schwartzentruber, J., additional, Nikbakht, H., additional, Gerges, N., additional, Fiset, P.-O., additional, Bechet, D., additional, Faury, D., additional, De Jay, N., additional, Ramkissoon, L., additional, Corcoran, A., additional, Jones, D., additional, Sturm, D., additional, Johann, P., additional, Tomita, T., additional, Nagib, M., additional, Bendel, A., additional, Goumnerova, L., additional, Bowers, D. C., additional, Leonard, J. R., additional, Rubin, J. B., additional, Alden, T., additional, DiPatri, A., additional, Browd, S., additional, Leary, S., additional, Jallo, G., additional, Prados, M. D., additional, Banerjee, A., additional, Carret, A.-S., additional, Ellezam, B., additional, Crevier, L., additional, Klekner, A., additional, Bognar, L., additional, Hauser, P., additional, Garami, M., additional, Myseros, J., additional, Dong, Z., additional, Siegel, P. M., additional, Gump, W., additional, Ayyanar, K., additional, Ragheb, J., additional, Krieger, M., additional, Kiehna, E., additional, Robison, N., additional, Harter, D., additional, Gardner, S., additional, Handler, M., additional, Foreman, N., additional, Brahma, B., additional, MacDonald, T., additional, Malkin, H., additional, Chi, S., additional, Manley, P., additional, Bandopadhayay, P., additional, Greenspan, L., additional, Ligon, A., additional, Albrecht, S., additional, Ligon, K. L., additional, Majewski, J., additional, Jabado, N., additional, Cordero, F., additional, Halvorson, K., additional, Taylor, I., additional, Hutt, M., additional, Weingart, M., additional, Price, A., additional, Kantar, M., additional, Onen, S., additional, Kamer, S., additional, Turhan, T., additional, Kitis, O., additional, Ertan, Y., additional, Cetingul, N., additional, Anacak, Y., additional, Akalin, T., additional, Ersahin, Y., additional, Mason, G., additional, Ho, C., additional, Crozier, F., additional, Vezina, G., additional, Packer, R., additional, Hwang, E., additional, Gilheeney, S., additional, Millard, N., additional, DeBraganca, K., additional, Khakoo, Y., additional, Kramer, K., additional, Wolden, S., additional, Donzelli, M., additional, Fischer, C., additional, Petriccione, M., additional, Dunkel, I., additional, Afzal, S., additional, Fleming, A., additional, Larouche, V., additional, Zelcer, S., additional, Johnston, D. L., additional, Kostova, M., additional, Mpofu, C., additional, Decarie, J.-C., additional, Strother, D., additional, Lafay-Cousin, L., additional, Eisenstat, D., additional, Fryer, C., additional, Hukin, J., additional, Hsu, M., additional, Lasky, J., additional, Moore, T., additional, Liau, L., additional, Davidson, T., additional, Prins, R., additional, Hassal, T., additional, Baugh, J., additional, Kirkendall, J., additional, Doughman, R., additional, Leach, J., additional, Jones, B., additional, Miles, L., additional, Hargrave, D., additional, Jacques, T., additional, Savage, S., additional, Saunders, D., additional, Wallace, R., additional, Flutter, B., additional, Morgenestern, D., additional, Blanco, E., additional, Howe, K., additional, Lowdell, M., additional, Samuel, E., additional, Michalski, A., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Arakawa, Y., additional, Umeda, K., additional, Watanabe, K.-i., additional, Mizowaki, T., additional, Hiraoka, M., additional, Hiramatsu, H., additional, Adachi, S., additional, Kunieda, T., additional, Takagi, Y., additional, Miyamoto, S., additional, Venneti, S., additional, Santi, M., additional, Felicella, M. M., additional, Sullivan, L. M., additional, Dolgalev, I., additional, Martinez, D., additional, Perry, A., additional, Lewis, P. W., additional, Allis, D. C., additional, Thompson, C. B., additional, and Judkins, A. R., additional

Published
2014
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18. Voranstellungsstrukturen und Kohärenzbildung im Dialog

Author

Wehr, Barbara, Thomassen, Helga, Wehr, B ( Barbara ), Thomassen, H ( Helga ), Stark, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0270, Wehr, Barbara, Thomassen, Helga, Wehr, B ( Barbara ), Thomassen, H ( Helga ), and Stark, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0270

Published
2000

28. Public Finance, Fiscal Policy.

Author

Albin, P.S., Stein, B., Amatong, J.D., Arowolo, E.A., Gortz, E., Yndgaard, E., Green, C., Hicks, U.K., Leuthold, J.H., Lindholm, R.W., Lund, L., Moore, A.M., Morissens, L., Naslund, B., Perlman, R.A., Rimlinger, G.V., Smithies, A., Thomassen, H., and Van Roy, E.

Subjects
ECONOMICS, PUBLIC finance, FISCAL policy
Abstract

Discusses abstracts of research articles on public finance and fiscal policy, published in the 1968 edition of the periodical 'Journal of Economic Abstracts.' Constrained demand for public assistance; Taxation of capital gains in developing countries; Taxation of low incomes in African countries; Neutral distribution of alterations of direct taxes over all income levels.

Published
1968

29. Public Finance; Fiscal Policy.

Author

Aukrust, O., Buchanan, J.M., Cornwall, J., Haller, H., Plummer, J.L., and Thomassen, H.

Subjects
PUBLIC finance, FISCAL policy, ECONOMIC policy, EXTERNALITIES, ECONOMIC models
Abstract

This section presents abstracts of research and articles on public finance and fiscal policy. In the paper Twenty Years of Economic Policy in Norway, author O. Aukrust presents important results of and personal comments on the study, The Norwegian Post-War Economy, published by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The author shows that the alleged increase in capital requirements the post-war period compared with pre-war is mainly due to changed relative prices. In the article Externality in Tax Response, J. M. Buchanan discusses externalities in a systematic fashion, and presents illustrative proposals for tax reform that might emerge from an explicit recognition of these. J. Cornwall, in the paper The Structure of Fiscal Models, shows that the alleged destabilizing effects of contracyclical policy in models developed by Phillips and others arise because of the complete neglect of forecasting. The paper also contrasts the target-instrument method of regulation with other types of market clearing mechanisms. H. Haller presents a thorough analysis of the report of the committee of experts appointed to examine the system of public finance in the Federal Republic of Germany in the paper The Report of the Committee on the Reform of Public Finance.

Published
1966

30. Molecular Structure of the Aluminum Halides, Al<INF>2</INF>Cl<INF>6</INF>, AlCl<INF>3</INF>, Al<INF>2</INF>Br<INF>6</INF>, AlBr<INF>3</INF>, and AlI<INF>3</INF>, Obtained by Gas-Phase Electron-Diffraction and ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations

Author

Aarset, K., Shen, Q., Thomassen, H., Richardson, A. D., and Hedberg, K.

Abstract

Gas-phase electron-diffraction (GED) data together with results from ab initio molecular orbital and normal coordinate calculations have been used to determine the structures of the aluminum trihalides AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and the chloride and bromide dimers Al2Cl6 and Al2Br6. No monomeric species were detected in the vapors of Al2Cl6 at the experimental temperature of 150 °C, nor in Al2Br6 at167 °C, but the vapors of AlCl3 at 400 °C and AlBr3 at 330 °C contained respectively 29 (3)% and 7 (4)% dimer and the AlI3 at 300 °C about 8% I2. The known equilibrium symmetry of the dimers is D2h, but the molecules have a very low-frequency, large-amplitude, ring-puckering mode that lowers the thermal average symmetry to C2v. The effect of this large-amplitude mode on the interatomic distances was handled by dynamic models of the structures which consisted of a set of pseudoconformers spaced at even intervals along the ring-puckering angle 2Φ. The ring-puckering potential was assumed to be V(Φ) = V40Φ4 + V20Φ2, and the individual pseudoconformers were given Boltzmann weights. The structures were defined in terms of the geometrically consistent rα space constraining the differences between corresponding bond distances and bond angles in the different pseudoconformers to values obtained from ab initio calculations at the HF/6-311G(d) level. Results for the principal distances (rg/Å), angles (∠α,θ/deg), and potential constants (Vi0/kcal mol deg-1) from the combined GED/ab initio study for Al2Cl6/Al2Br6 with estimated 2σ uncertainties are Al−Xb = 2.250(3)/2.433(7), Al−Xt = 2.061(2)/2.234(4), XbAlXb = 90.0(8)/91.6(6), XtAlXt = 122.1(31)/122.1(31), 〈θ〉 = 180 − 2Φ = 165.5(59)/158.2(91), V40 = 0.0/75.0 (assumed), V20 = 25.0/0.0 (assumed). The potential constants could not be refined; although the single-term values listed provide good fits, in each case combinations of quadratic and quartic terms also worked well. For the monomers AlCl3, AlBr3, and AlI3 (D3h symmetry assumed in rα space) the distances (rg/Å) with estimated 2σ uncertainties are Al−Cl = 2.062(3), Al−Br = 2.221(3), and Al−I = 2.459(5) Å. Vibrational force fields were evaluated for all molecules. The experimental, theoretical, and vibrational results are discussed.

Published
1999

40. Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species.

Author

DA Silva LA, MagalhÃes FM, Thomassen H, Leite FSF, Garda AA, BrandÃo RA, Haddad CFB, Giaretta AA, and DE Carvalho TR

Subjects
Acoustics, Animals, Brazil, Phylogeny, Anura, Forests
Abstract

Members of the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex are widely distributed in forests and open formations of South America east of the Andes. Species of the complex are morphologically similar or indistinguishable among each other, but acoustic data have been the cornerstone for species discrimination across their geographic ranges. In this paper, we re-examine the monophyly, species diversity, and relationships in the L. mystaceus complex on the basis of morphology, coloration, acoustics, and DNA sequences. Morphological and color patterns originally used to the allocation of species to the L. mystaceus complex are also reassessed. Our results revealed three new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, which are named and described herein, based mainly on acoustic and molecular data. Populations assigned to the lineage widely distributed across the South American Dry Diagonal (DD), reported in this study as L. cf. mystaceus, is likely paraphyletic with respect to the nominal species (Amazonian lineage), but additional data are still needed to address the taxonomic status of the DD lineage.

Published
2020
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41. Almost a hundred years later, the advertisement call of Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro 1920 (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest.

Author

Freire IR, Thomassen H, Rocha PC, and Leite FSF

Subjects
Animals, Brazil, Forests, Anura
Abstract

The Neotropical genus Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro is composed of five recognized species commonly referred as "casque-headed frogs" (Frost 2018). Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro occurs in Atlantic Forest lowlands from the states of São Paulo to Bahia, Brazil (Feio et al. 1998; Mollo Neto Teixeira Jr. 2012; Ruas et al. 2013). The biology of most Aparasphenodon species is poorly known. Within the genus, until now only Aparasphenodon arapapa Pimenta, Napoli Haddad has its call formally described (Lourenço-de-Moraes et al., 2013, Forti et al., 2018, Guerra et al., 2018). Herein, we describe the advertisement call of Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro.

Published
2019
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42. Evolutionarily significant units of the critically endangered leaf frog Pithecopus ayeaye (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) are not effectively preserved by the Brazilian protected areas network.

Author

de Magalhães RF, Lemes P, Camargo A, Oliveira U, Brandão RA, Thomassen H, Garcia PCA, Leite FSF, and Santos FR

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation, but their coverage is considered inefficient for the preservation of all species. Many species are subdivided into evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and the effectiveness of PAs in protecting them needs to be investigated. We evaluated the usefulness of the Brazilian PAs network in protecting ESUs of the critically endangered Pithecopus ayeaye through ongoing climate change. This species occurs in a threatened mountaintop ecosystem known as campos rupestres . We used multilocus DNA sequences to delimit geographic clusters, which were further validated as ESUs with a coalescent approach. Ecological niche modeling was used to estimate spatial changes in ESUs' potential distributions, and a gap analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian PAs network to protect P. ayeaye in the face of climate changes. We tested the niche overlap between ESUs to gain insights for potential management alternatives for the species. Pithecopus ayeaye contains at least three ESUs isolated in distinct mountain regions, and one of them is not protected by any PA. There are no climatic niche differences between the units, and only 4% of the suitable potential area of the species is protected in present and future projections. The current PAs are not effective in preserving the intraspecific diversity of P. ayeaye in its present and future range distributions. The genetic structure of P. ayeaye could represent a typical pattern in campos rupestres endemics, which should be considered for evaluating its conservation status.

Published
2017
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43. Cerebellar mutism syndrome in children with brain tumours of the posterior fossa.

Author

Wibroe M, Cappelen J, Castor C, Clausen N, Grillner P, Gudrunardottir T, Gupta R, Gustavsson B, Heyman M, Holm S, Karppinen A, Klausen C, Lönnqvist T, Mathiasen R, Nilsson P, Nysom K, Persson K, Rask O, Schmiegelow K, Sehested A, Thomassen H, Tonning-Olsson I, Zetterqvist B, and Juhler M

Subjects
Adolescent, Cerebellar Neoplasms complications, Cerebellar Neoplasms epidemiology, Cerebellar Neoplasms physiopathology, Cerebellum physiopathology, Cerebellum surgery, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Infratentorial Neoplasms complications, Infratentorial Neoplasms epidemiology, Infratentorial Neoplasms physiopathology, Male, Mutism epidemiology, Mutism etiology, Neurosurgical Procedures, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Risk Factors, Cerebellar Neoplasms surgery, Infratentorial Neoplasms surgery, Mutism physiopathology, Postoperative Complications physiopathology
Abstract

Background: Central nervous system tumours constitute 25% of all childhood cancers; more than half are located in the posterior fossa and surgery is usually part of therapy. One of the most disabling late effects of posterior fossa tumour surgery is the cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) which has been reported in up to 39% of the patients but the exact incidence is uncertain since milder cases may be unrecognized. Recovery is usually incomplete. Reported risk factors are tumour type, midline location and brainstem involvement, but the exact aetiology, surgical and other risk factors, the clinical course and strategies for prevention and treatment are yet to be determined., Methods: This observational, prospective, multicentre study will include 500 children with posterior fossa tumours. It opened late 2014 with participation from 20 Nordic and Baltic centres. From 2016, five British centres and four Dutch centres will join with a total annual accrual of 130 patients. Three other major European centres are invited to join from 2016/17. Follow-up will run for 12 months after inclusion of the last patient. All patients are treated according to local practice. Clinical data are collected through standardized online registration at pre-determined time points pre- and postoperatively. Neurological status and speech functions are examined pre-operatively and postoperatively at 1-4 weeks, 2 and 12 months. Pre- and postoperative speech samples are recorded and analysed. Imaging will be reviewed centrally. Pathology is classified according to the 2007 WHO system. Germline DNA will be collected from all patients for associations between CMS characteristics and host genome variants including pathway profiles., Discussion: Through prospective and detailed collection of information on 1) differences in incidence and clinical course of CMS for different patient and tumour characteristics, 2) standardized surgical data and their association with CMS, 3) diversities and results of other therapeutic interventions, and 4) the role of host genome variants, we aim to achieve a better understanding of risk factors for and the clinical course of CMS - with the ultimate goal of defining strategies for prevention and treatment of this severely disabling condition., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02300766 , date of registration: November 21, 2014.

Published
2017
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44. Radiation therapy and concurrent topotecan followed by maintenance triple anti-angiogenic therapy with thalidomide, etoposide, and celecoxib for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Author

Porkholm M, Valanne L, Lönnqvist T, Holm S, Lannering B, Riikonen P, Wojcik D, Sehested A, Clausen N, Harila-Saari A, Schomerus E, Thorarinsdottir HK, Lähteenmäki P, Arola M, Thomassen H, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, and Kivivuori SM

Subjects
Adolescent, Brain Stem Neoplasms mortality, Brain Stem Neoplasms pathology, Case-Control Studies, Celecoxib, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Child, Child, Preschool, Etoposide administration & dosage, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glioma mortality, Glioma pathology, Humans, Infant, Male, Neoplasm Grading, Prognosis, Pyrazoles administration & dosage, Remission Induction, Sulfonamides administration & dosage, Survival Rate, Thalidomide administration & dosage, Topotecan administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Brain Stem Neoplasms therapy, Chemoradiotherapy, Glioma therapy, Quality of Life
Abstract

Background: Despite major treatment attempts, the prognosis for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) remains dismal. Gliomas are highly vascularized tumors, suggesting that the prevention of vessel formation by anti-angiogenic treatment might be effective., Procedure: Forty-one pediatric patients with DIPG were treated according to the Angiocomb protocol, starting with radiotherapy combined with topotecan and followed by anti-angiogenic triple medication consisting of thalidomide, etoposide, and celecoxib. Overall survival, radiological response, quality of life, requirement of corticosteroids, and adverse effects were monitored. Eight patients treated with only radiotherapy were used as controls., Results: For study patients, the 12 and 24 months overall survival was 61% and 17%, respectively. The median overall survival was 12 months (range 4-60 months). Four radiological complete responses were seen, of which two were transient. Radiologically, 56% of the tumors reduced in size and 78% in signal intensity. Study patients were able to visit school or daycare and walk for a significantly longer time compared to controls (Log Rank 0.036 and 0.008, respectively). Adverse effects were generally minor., Conclusions: The Angiocomb protocol created a noticeable share of long-term survivors and was well tolerated, suggesting that anti-angiogenic therapy for patients with DIPG should be studied more in the future., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2014
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45. Palonosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high dose methotrexate.

Author

Nadaraja S, Mamoudou AD, Thomassen H, Wehner PS, Rosthoej S, and Schroeder H

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Palonosetron, Time Factors, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic administration & dosage, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic adverse effects, Isoquinolines administration & dosage, Methotrexate administration & dosage, Methotrexate adverse effects, Nausea chemically induced, Nausea prevention & control, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma drug therapy, Quinuclidines administration & dosage, Serotonin Antagonists administration & dosage, Vomiting chemically induced, Vomiting prevention & control
Abstract

Background: High dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), used in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is moderately emetogenic. First generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists are effective prophylactic agents but require multiple administrations. Palonosetron has a half life of 36-42 hours and has higher affinity and selectivity to the 5-HT(3) receptor. Adult studies have demonstrated that palonosetron is both more effective and require fewer administrations than first generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of palonosetron (5 µg/kg) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children 18 years of age with ALL treated with HD-MTX, 5 g/m(2)., Procedure: Between January 2010 and December 2010, 138 courses, originating from 53 children, were included from four Danish Childhood Cancer Centers. Information regarding emetic episodes, rescue therapy, and nausea were recorded prospectively on questionnaires., Results: Complete response (no emesis and no rescue therapy) was achieved in 84.1% of courses during the acute (0-24 hours post-chemotherapy) and in 60.1% during the delayed phase (24-66 hours post-chemotherapy). 92.0% of courses were free of emesis during the acute, and 86.2% were free of emesis during the delayed phase. 76.8% of courses were free of nausea during the acute, and 78.3% were free of nausea during the delayed phase., Conclusions: A single dose of palonosetron--without concomitant corticosteroid--was effective in preventing both acute and delayed phase CINV in majority of children with ALL treated with HD-MTX., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2012
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46. Birth weight and risk for childhood leukemia in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland.

Author

Hjalgrim LL, Rostgaard K, Hjalgrim H, Westergaard T, Thomassen H, Forestier E, Gustafsson G, Kristinsson J, Melbye M, and Schmiegelow K

Subjects
Adolescent, Birth Order, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark epidemiology, Gestational Age, Humans, Iceland epidemiology, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute etiology, Norway epidemiology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma etiology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sweden epidemiology, Birth Weight, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute epidemiology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Compelling evidence suggests that childhood leukemia often originates in utero. Birth weight is one of the few pregnancy-related risk factors that has been associated with leukemia risk, but the association has remained poorly characterized. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland to investigate the association between birth weight (and other birth characteristics) and the risk of childhood leukemia., Methods: Overall, 1905 children (aged 0-14 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 299 children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed between January 1, 1984, and December 31, 1999, were identified in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology acute leukemia database. Each case patient was matched to five population control subjects (n = 10745) on nationality, age, and sex. All live-born siblings of case patients (n = 3812) and control subjects (n = 17,937) were also identified in population registers. Information on birth weight and gestational age at birth was ascertained from the national Medical Birth Registers. The association between various birth characteristics and leukemia risk was assessed by conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided., Results: Risk of ALL overall was statistically significantly associated with birth weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26 per 1-kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 1.41). The association was similar for B- and T-lineage ALL and across all diagnostic ages (0-14 years). However, children with ALL did not weigh more at birth than their siblings. Statistically significantly reduced risks of B-precursor ALL were observed with increasing position in the birth order (OR = 0.90 per position increase, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.96) and increasing gestational age (OR = 0.87 per 2-week increase in gestational age, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.94). Risk of AML did not vary monotonically with birth weight, and low birth weight (<1500 g [i.e., 3.3 pounds]) was associated with the highest risk., Conclusion: Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that a high birth weight is associated with an increased risk of ALL.

Published
2004
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47. Treatment of endometriosis with progestogens.

Author

Thomassen H and Berthelsen HG

Subjects
Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Endometriosis drug therapy, Mestranol therapeutic use, Norethynodrel therapeutic use
Published
1966

49. [Results of operation for 34 lesions of the collateral ligaments of the fingers].

Author

Thomassen H and Christensen HN

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Finger Injuries classification, Finger Injuries etiology, Fingers diagnostic imaging, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immobilization, Male, Methods, Middle Aged, Radiography, Thumb surgery, Time Factors, Finger Injuries surgery, Ligaments, Articular injuries
Published
1969

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