37 results on '"Thomas T. Poulsen"'
Search Results
2. Supplementary Figures 1-7 from Simultaneous Targeting of Two Distinct Epitopes on MET Effectively Inhibits MET- and HGF-Driven Tumor Growth by Multiple Mechanisms
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Mikkel W. Pedersen, Morag Park, Thomas Bouquin, Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Ivan D. Horak, Helle J. Jacobsen, George F.Vande Woude, Dafna Kaufman, Karsten W. Eriksen, Sara Collins, Paolo Conrotto, Gunther R. Galler, Anna Dahlman, Klaus Koefoed, Thomas T. Poulsen, Serhiy Havrylov, and Michael M. Grandal
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Supplementary figure 1. Sym015 inhibits viability of cell lines in a synergic manner; Supplementary figure 2. The Sym015 antibodies Hu9338 and Hu9006 bind to 2nd or 3rd blades of MET and block HGF binding; Supplementary figure 3. Sym015 induces MET internalization and degradation in MKN-45 cells; Supplementary figure 4. Sym015 induces MET internalization and degradation in EBC-1 cells; Supplementary figure 5. Sym015 induces MET degradation in MKN-45 and EBC-1 cells; Supplementary figure 6. Sym015 inhibits signaling by MET in EBC-1 cells; Supplementary figure 7. Sym015 inhibits motility of EBC-1
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- 2023
3. Data from Simultaneous Targeting of Two Distinct Epitopes on MET Effectively Inhibits MET- and HGF-Driven Tumor Growth by Multiple Mechanisms
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Mikkel W. Pedersen, Morag Park, Thomas Bouquin, Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Ivan D. Horak, Helle J. Jacobsen, George F.Vande Woude, Dafna Kaufman, Karsten W. Eriksen, Sara Collins, Paolo Conrotto, Gunther R. Galler, Anna Dahlman, Klaus Koefoed, Thomas T. Poulsen, Serhiy Havrylov, and Michael M. Grandal
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Increased MET activity is linked with poor prognosis and outcome in several human cancers currently lacking targeted therapies. Here, we report on the characterization of Sym015, an antibody mixture composed of two humanized IgG1 antibodies against nonoverlapping epitopes of MET. Sym015 was selected by high-throughput screening searching for antibody mixtures with superior growth-inhibitory activity against MET-dependent cell lines. Synergistic inhibitory activity of the antibodies comprising Sym015 was observed in several cancer cell lines harboring amplified MET locus and was confirmed in vivo. Sym015 was found to exert its activity via multiple mechanisms. It disrupted interaction of MET with the HGF ligand and prompted activity-independent internalization and degradation of the receptor. In addition, Sym015 induced high levels of CDC and ADCC in vitro. The importance of these effector functions was confirmed in vivo using an Fc-effector function–attenuated version of Sym015. The enhanced effect of the two antibodies in Sym015 on both MET degradation and CDC and ADCC is predicted to render Sym015 superior to single antibodies targeting MET. Our results demonstrate strong potential for use of Sym015 as a therapeutic antibody mixture for treatment of MET-driven tumors. Sym015 is currently being tested in a phase I dose escalation clinical trial (NCT02648724). Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2780–91. ©2017 AACR.
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- 2023
4. Supplementary Materials and Methods from Targeting Three Distinct HER2 Domains with a Recombinant Antibody Mixture Overcomes Trastuzumab Resistance
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Michael Kragh, Johan Lantto, Ivan D. Horak, Lars S. Nielsen, Per-Johan Meijer, Thomas T. Poulsen, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Klaus Koefoed, Helle J. Jacobsen, and Mikkel W. Pedersen
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Short description of methods and materials used for supplemmentary figures. BioLayer Interferometry, ADCC and CDC assays.
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- 2023
5. Supplementary Tables and Figures from Targeting Three Distinct HER2 Domains with a Recombinant Antibody Mixture Overcomes Trastuzumab Resistance
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Michael Kragh, Johan Lantto, Ivan D. Horak, Lars S. Nielsen, Per-Johan Meijer, Thomas T. Poulsen, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Klaus Koefoed, Helle J. Jacobsen, and Mikkel W. Pedersen
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Supplementary Tables and Figures. Table S1 contains affinities for antibodies binding to HER2. Table S2 contains results from epitope bin analysis of the antibodies. Figure S1 shows a comparison of Perjeta and the pertuzumab analogue used in this paper. Figure S2 shows sensograms for the anti-HER2 antibodies. Figure S3 contains dose-response curves for anti-HER2 lead mixtures in the cell lines BT474, SK-BR3, HCC202 and NCI-N87. Figure S4 shows immunoblot data on the levels of HER2, pHER2, EGFR, pEGFR, HER3 and pHER3 in the eight cell lines OE19, N87, MCF7, MDA-MB-175, BT474, HCC202 SK-BR3 and ZE-75-30. Figure S5 shows activity of anti-HER2 mAbs and mixtures in ADCC and CDC assays. Figure S6 demonstrates synergy of the tripartite mixture in OE19 cell line. Figure S7 shows quantification of HER2 and pHER2 levels in OE19 and HCC202 cell lines upon treatment with anti-HER2 mAbs and mixtures. Figure S8 shows activity of tripartite mixtures of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and lead anti-HER2 antibodies in a cell viability assay
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- 2023
6. Supplementary Figures S1-8 from Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity
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Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Ivan D. Horak, Christina R. Andersen, Bolette Bjerregaard, Dietmar Weilguny, Jette W. Sen, Klaus Koefoed, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Thomas T. Poulsen, and Helle J. Jacobsen
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Supplementary Figures S1-8. Figure S1 - Analysis of nonlinear blending synergy for the pairs of antibodies that constitute Pan-HER. Figure S2 - In vitro comparison of Pan-HER and a combination of cetuximab, trastuzumab and MM-121. Figure S3 - In vivo assessment of nonlinear blending synergy for the target specificities in the Pan-HER mixture. Figure S4 - Dose titration of Pan-HER in the BxPC3 xenograft model. Figure S5 - IHC analysis of Calu-3 tumors. Figure S6 - Assessment of cell death and cell cycle arrest. Figure S7 - Assessment of ADCC in a panel of cell lines. Figure S8 - Analysis of the effect of receptor internalization on effector functions.
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- 2023
7. Supplementary Methods from Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity
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Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Ivan D. Horak, Christina R. Andersen, Bolette Bjerregaard, Dietmar Weilguny, Jette W. Sen, Klaus Koefoed, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Thomas T. Poulsen, and Helle J. Jacobsen
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Supplementary Methods. Description of methods used for assessment of synergy, immunohistochemistry, cell death, cell cycle arrest, ADCC and CDC.
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- 2023
8. Supplementary Tables S1-2 from Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity
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Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Ivan D. Horak, Christina R. Andersen, Bolette Bjerregaard, Dietmar Weilguny, Jette W. Sen, Klaus Koefoed, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Thomas T. Poulsen, and Helle J. Jacobsen
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Supplementary Tables S1-2. Table S1 - Source, origin, subtype and growth medium for each cell line. Table S2 - Characteristics of tested patient-derived xenograft models.
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- 2023
9. Data from Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity
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Johan Lantto, Michael Kragh, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Ivan D. Horak, Christina R. Andersen, Bolette Bjerregaard, Dietmar Weilguny, Jette W. Sen, Klaus Koefoed, Ida Kjær, Anna Dahlman, Thomas T. Poulsen, and Helle J. Jacobsen
- Abstract
Purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates a high degree of plasticity and compensatory signaling within the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, leading to resistance upon therapeutic intervention with HER family members.Experimental Design/Results: We have generated Pan-HER, a mixture of six antibodies targeting each of the HER family members EGFR, HER2, and HER3 with synergistic pairs of antibodies, which simultaneously remove all three targets, thereby preventing compensatory tumor promoting mechanisms within the HER family. Pan-HER induces potent growth inhibition in a range of cancer cell lines and xenograft models, including cell lines with acquired resistance to therapeutic antibodies. Pan-HER is also highly efficacious in the presence of HER family ligands, indicating that it is capable of overcoming acquired resistance due to increased ligand production. All three target specificities contribute to the enhanced efficacy, demonstrating a distinct benefit of combined HER family targeting when compared with single-receptor targeting.Conclusions: Our data show that simultaneous targeting of three receptors provides broader efficacy than targeting a single receptor or any combination of two receptors in the HER family, especially in the presence of HER family ligands. Pan-HER represents a novel strategy to deal with primary and acquired resistance due to tumor heterogeneity and plasticity in terms of HER family dependency and as such may be a viable alternative in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4110–22. ©2015 AACR.See related commentary by Yarden and Sela, p. 4030
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- 2023
10. CD4
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Lotte K, Kristensen, Camilla, Fröhlich, Camilla, Christensen, Maria C, Melander, Thomas T, Poulsen, Gunther R, Galler, Johan, Lantto, Ivan D, Horak, Michael, Kragh, Carsten H, Nielsen, and Andreas, Kjaer
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,lymphocytes ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,immune cell imaging ,Molecular imaging ,Biosensing Techniques ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Deferoxamine ,Mice ,CD8 ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,PD-1 ,Animals ,positron emission tomography (PET) ,Radioisotopes ,Isografts ,T-cells ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,CD4 ,Disease Models, Animal ,tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,immune checkpoint inhibition ,Zirconium ,immunotherapy ,Research Paper - Abstract
Predicting the outcome of immunotherapy is essential for efficient treatment. The recent clinical success of immunotherapy is increasingly changing the paradigm of cancer treatment. Accordingly, the development of immune-based agents is accelerating and the number of agents in the global immuno-oncology pipeline has grown 60-70% over the past year. However, despite remarkable clinical efficacy in some patients, only few achieve a lasting clinical response. Treatment failure can be attributed to poorly immunogenic tumors that do not attract tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Therefore, we developed positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for non-invasive detection of CD4+ and CD8a+ TILs in syngeneic mouse tumor models for preclinical studies. Methods: Seven syngeneic mouse tumor models (B16F10, P815, CT26, MC38, Renca, 4T1, Sa1N) were quantified for CD4+ and CD8a+ TILs using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as for tumor growth response to Sym021, a humanized PD-1 antibody cross-reactive with mouse PD-1. Radiotracers were generated from F(ab)'2 fragments of rat-anti-mouse CD4 and CD8a antibodies conjugated to the p-SCN-Bn-Desferrioxamine (SCN-Bn-DFO) chelator and radiolabeled with Zirconium-89 (89Zr-DFO-CD4/89Zr-DFO-CD8a). Tracers were optimized for in vivo PET/CT imaging in CT26 tumor-bearing mice and specificity was evaluated by depletion studies and isotype control imaging. 89Zr-DFO-CD4 and 89Zr-DFO-CD8a PET/CT imaging was conducted in the panel of syngeneic mouse models prior to immunotherapy with Sym021. Results: Syngeneic tumor models were characterized as “hot” or “cold” according to number of TILs determined by flow cytometry and IHC. 89Zr-DFO-CD4 and 89Zr-DFO-CD8a were successfully generated with a radiochemical purity >99% and immunoreactivity >85%. The optimal imaging time-point was 24 hours post-injection of ~1 MBq tracer with 30 µg non-labeled co-dose. Reduced tumor and spleen uptake of 89Zr-DFO-CD8a was observed in CD8a+ depleted mice and the uptake was comparable with that of isotype control (89Zr-DFO-IgG2b) confirming specificity. PET imaging in syngeneic tumor models revealed a varying maximum tumor-to-heart ratio of 89Zr-DFO-CD4 and 89Zr-DFO-CD8a across tumor types and in-between subjects that correlated with individual response to Sym021 at day 10 relative to start of therapy (p=0.0002 and p=0.0354, respectively). The maximum 89Zr-DFO-CD4 tumor-to-heart ratio could be used to stratify mice according to Sym021 therapy response and overall survival was improved in mice with a 89Zr-DFO-CD4 ratio >9 (p=0.0018). Conclusion: We developed 89Zr-DFO-CD4 and 89Zr-DFO-CD8a PET radiotracers for specific detection and whole-body assessment of CD4+ and CD8a+ status. These radiotracers can be used to phenotype preclinical syngeneic mouse tumor models and to predict response to an immune checkpoint inhibitor. We foresee development of such non-invasive in vivo biomarkers for prediction and evaluation of clinical efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents, such as Sym021.
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- 2019
11. Efficacy of Sym004 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Acquired Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapy and Molecularly Selected by Circulating Tumor DNA Analyses
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Clara Montagut, Guillem Argilés, Fortunato Ciardiello, Thomas T. Poulsen, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Michael Kragh, Scott Kopetz, Trine Lindsted, Cliff Ding, Joana Vidal, Jenifer Clausell-Tormos, Giulia Siravegna, Francisco J. Sánchez-Martín, Klaus Koefoed, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Michael M. Grandal, Mikhail Dvorkin, Lucjan Wyrwicz, Ana Rovira, Antonio Cubillo, Ramon Salazar, Françoise Desseigne, Cristin
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- 2018
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12. Single agent- and combination treatment with two targeted suicide gene therapy systems is effective in chemoresistant small cell lung cancer cells
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Signe R, Michaelsen, Camilla L, Christensen, Maxwell, Sehested, Frederik, Cramer, Thomas T, Poulsen, Adam V, Patterson, and Hans S, Poulsen
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Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Cell Survival ,Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ,Flucytosine ,Apoptosis ,Genetic Therapy ,Nitroreductases ,Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ,Cytosine Deaminase ,Repressor Proteins ,Mice ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Yeasts ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Humans ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Pentosyltransferases ,Promoter Regions, Genetic - Abstract
Transcriptional targeted suicide gene (SG) therapy driven by the insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1) promoter makes it possible to target suicide toxin production and cytotoxicity exclusively to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells and tumors. It remains to be determined whether acquired chemoresistance, as observed in the majority of SCLC patients, desensitizes SCLC cells to INSM1 promoter-driven SG therapy.A panel of SCLC cell lines resistant to clinically relevant chemotherapeutics was characterized regarding the expression of proteins involved in response to chemotherapy and regarding INSM1 promoter activity. Sensitivity towards INSM1 promoter-driven SG therapy was tested using different systems: Yeast cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (YCD-YUPRT) in combination with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) or Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) together with the bromomustard prodrug SN27686.The chemoresistant cell lines displayed heterogeneous expression profiles of molecules involved in multidrug resistance, apoptosis and survival pathways. Despite this, the INSM1 promoter activity was found to be unchanged or increased in SCLC chemoresistant cells and xenografts compared to chemosensitive variants. INSM1 promoter-driven SG therapy with YCD-YUPRT/5-FC or NTR/SN27686, was found to induce high levels of cytotoxicity in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant SCLC cells. Moreover, the combination of INSM1 promoter-driven YCD-YUPRT/5-FC therapy and chemotherapy, as well as the combination of INSM1 promoter-driven YCD-YUPRT/5-FC and NTR/SN27686 therapy, was observed to be superior to single agent therapy in chemoresistant SCLC cells.Collectively, the present study demonstrates that targeted SG therapy is a potent therapeutic approach for chemoresistant SCLC patients, with the highest efficacy achieved when applied as combination SG therapy or in combination with standard chemotherapy.
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- 2012
13. PSL Chemical Biology Symposia Third Edition: A Branch of Science in its Explosive Phase.
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Baron L, Hadjerci J, Thoidingjam L, Plays M, Bucci R, Morris N, Müller S, Sindikubwabo F, Solier S, Cañeque T, Colombeau L, Blouin CM, Lamaze C, Puisieux A, Bono Y, Gaillet C, Laraia L, Vauzeilles B, Taran F, Papot S, Karoyan P, Duval R, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Arimondo P, Cariou K, Guichard G, Micouin L, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Verga D, Versini A, Gasser G, Tang C, Belmont P, Linkermann A, Bonfio C, Gillingham D, Poulsen T, Di Antonio M, Lopez M, Guianvarc'h D, Thomas C, Masson G, Gautier A, Johannes L, and Rodriguez R
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- Humans, Paris, Biology
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This symposium is the third PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres) Chemical Biology meeting (2016, 2019, 2023) held at Institut Curie. This initiative originally started at Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) in Gif-sur-Yvette (2013, 2014), under the directorship of Professor Max Malacria, with a strong focus on chemistry. It was then continued at the Institut Curie (2015) covering a larger scope, before becoming the official PSL Chemical Biology meeting. This latest edition was postponed twice for the reasons that we know. This has given us the opportunity to invite additional speakers of great standing. This year, Institut Curie hosted around 300 participants, including 220 on site and over 80 online. The pandemic has had, at least, the virtue of promoting online meetings, which we came to realize is not perfect but has its own merits. In particular, it enables those with restricted time and resources to take part in events and meetings, which can now accommodate unlimited participants. We apologize to all those who could not attend in person this time due to space limitation at Institut Curie., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2023
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14. Detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma using RNA sampled by tape strips: A study protocol.
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Heerfordt IM, Andersen JD, Philipsen PA, Langhans L, Tvedebrink T, Schmidt G, Poulsen T, Lerche CM, Morling N, and Wulf HC
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- Humans, Prospective Studies, RNA, Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Melanoma diagnosis, Melanoma genetics, Melanoma pathology, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms genetics, Skin Neoplasms pathology
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Background: Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is curable if detected in its early stages. However, the clinical recognition of CMM is challenging. An American research group has shown promising results in detecting CMM based on RNA profiles sampled from suspicious lesions with tape strips. We aim to further develop this technique and validate if RNA profiles sampled with tape strips can detect CMM., Methods: This prospective cohort study will include approximately 200 lesions clinically suspected of CMM requiring surgical removal. Tape stripping of the lesions will be performed just before surgical excision. Subsequently, RNA on the tape strips is analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan technology. The results are combined into a binary outcome where positive indicates CMM and negative indicates no CMM. The histopathological diagnosis of the lesions will be used as the gold standard. The main outcome is the results of the RNA test and the histopathological diagnosis, which, combined, provide the sensitivity and specificity of the test., Discussion: The accuracy of the clinical examination in CMM diagnostics is limited. This clinical trial will explore the ability to use RNA analysis to improve the management of suspicious lesions by enhancing early diagnostic accuracy. Hopefully, it can reduce the number of benign lesions being surgically removed to rule out CMM and decrease patient morbidity., Trial Registration: The project was approved by The Committee on Health Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-15010559) and registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (BFH-2015-065)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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15. Actinic keratoses contiguous with squamous cell carcinomas are mostly non-hyperkeratotic and with severe dysplasia.
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Heerfordt IM, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
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- Humans, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Keratosis, Actinic complications, Keratosis, Actinic pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
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Aims: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). No validated parameters can predict which AKs will progress into SCCs, but especially thick AKs are under suspicion. The clinical and histopathological thickness of AKs is strongly correlated. This study aimed to investigate the thicknesses and degree of dysplasia of AKs contiguous with SCCs assuming these AKs represent the AKs that have undergone malignant transformation., Methods: Files of the Pathology Department, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Denmark, were reviewed. 111 cases met the inclusion criteria: a skin biopsy containing an invasive SCC. All SCCs merged with an AK at the edge. Degree of dysplasia, epidermal thickness and stratum corneum thicknesses of AKs were measured., Results: All AKs showed severe dysplasia. Most AKs had a stratum corneum thickness under 0.1 mm and an epidermal thickness under 0.5 mm, corresponding to clinically thin and non-hyperkeratotic AKs., Conclusions: Our result suggests malignant progression potential of AKs regardless of thickness., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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16. An inter-observer Ki67 reproducibility study applying two different assessment methods: on behalf of the Danish Scientific Committee of Pathology, Danish breast cancer cooperative group (DBCG).
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Laenkholm AV, Grabau D, Møller Talman ML, Balslev E, Bak Jylling AM, Tabor TP, Johansen M, Brügmann A, Lelkaitis G, Di Caterino T, Mygind H, Poulsen T, Mertz H, Søndergaard G, and Bruun Rasmussen B
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- Biomarkers metabolism, Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Denmark, Female, Humans, Pathology, Clinical standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Staining and Labeling methods, Staining and Labeling standards, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Immunohistochemistry standards, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism
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Introduction: In 2011, the St. Gallen Consensus Conference introduced the use of pathology to define the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes by application of immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogate markers ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 with a specified Ki67 cutoff (>14%) for luminal B-like definition. Reports concerning impaired reproducibility of Ki67 estimation and threshold inconsistency led to the initiation of this quality assurance study (2013-2015). The aim of the study was to investigate inter-observer variation for Ki67 estimation in malignant breast tumors by two different quantification methods (assessment method and count method) including measure of agreement between methods., Material and Methods: Fourteen experienced breast pathologists from 12 pathology departments evaluated 118 slides from a consecutive series of malignant breast tumors. The staining interpretation was performed according to both the Danish and Swedish guidelines. Reproducibility was quantified by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Lights Kappa with dichotomization of observations at the larger than (>) 20% threshold. The agreement between observations by the two quantification methods was evaluated by Bland-Altman plot., Results: For the fourteen raters the median ranged from 20% to 40% by the assessment method and from 22.5% to 36.5% by the count method. Light's Kappa was 0.664 for observation by the assessment method and 0.649 by the count method. The ICC was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86) by the assessment method vs. 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80-0.87) by the count method., Conclusion: Although the study in general showed a moderate to good inter-observer agreement according to both ICC and Lights Kappa, still major discrepancies were identified in especially the mid-range of observations. Consequently, for now Ki67 estimation is not implemented in the DBCG treatment algorithm.
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- 2018
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17. Red tattoos, ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer in mice.
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Lerche CM, Heerfordt IM, Serup J, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
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- Aniline Compounds analysis, Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell physiopathology, Cell Proliferation, Cocarcinogenesis, Color, Coloring Agents chemistry, Female, Ink, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary physiopathology, Skin Neoplasms physiopathology, Time Factors, Aniline Compounds toxicity, Carcinogens toxicity, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Coloring Agents toxicity, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary etiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Tattooing adverse effects, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces skin cancer. The combination of UVR and red tattoos may be associated with increased risk of skin cancer due to potential carcinogens in tattoo inks. This combination has not been studied previously. Immunocompetent C3.Cg/TifBomTac hairless mice (n=99) were tattooed on their back with a popular red tattoo ink. This often used ink is banned for use on humans because of high content of the potential carcinogen 2-anisidine. Half of the mice were irradiated with three standard erythema doses UVR thrice weekly. Time to induction of first, second and third squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was measured. All UV-irradiated mice developed SCCs. The time to the onset of the first and second tumor was identical in the red-tattooed group compared with the control group (182 vs 186 days and 196 vs 203 days, P=ns). Statistically, the third tumor appeared slightly faster in the red-tattooed group than in the controls (214 vs 224 days, P=.043). For the second and third tumor, the growth rate was faster in the red-tattooed group compared with the control (31 vs 49 days, P=.009 and 30 vs 38 days, P=.036). In conclusion, no spontaneous cancers were observed in skin tattooed with a red ink containing 2-anisidine. However, red tattoos exposed to UVR showed faster tumor onset regarding the third tumor, and faster growth rate of the second and third tumor indicating red ink acts as a cocarcinogen with UVR. The cocarcinogenic effect was weak and may not be clinically relevant., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2017
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18. Ionic manipulation of charge-transfer and photodynamics of [60]fullerene confined in pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene cage.
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Bähring S, Larsen KR, Supur M, Nielsen KA, Poulsen T, Ohkubo K, Marlatt CW, Miyazaki E, Takimiya K, Flood AH, Fukuzumi S, and Jeppesen JO
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A cage molecule incorporating three electron donating monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene units was synthesised to host electron accepting [60]fullerenes. Formation of a strong 1 : 1 donor-acceptor (D-A) complex C
60 ⊂1 was confirmed by solid state X-ray analysis as well as1 H NMR and absorption spectroscopic analyses of the arising charge-transfer (CT) band (λ = 735 nm, ε ≈ 840 M-1 cm-1 ). Inserting Li+ inside the [60]fullerene increased the binding 28-fold (Ka = 3.7 × 106 M-1 ) and a large bathochromic shift of the CT band to the near infrared (NIR) region (λ = 1104 nm, ε ≈ 4800 M-1 cm-1 ) was observed.- Published
- 2017
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19. Thickness of Actinic Keratosis Does Not Predict Dysplasia Severity or P53 Expression.
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Heerfordt IM, Nissen CV, Poulsen T, Philipsen PA, and Wulf HC
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The severity of dysplasia and expression of p53 in actinic keratosis (AK) is of importance for the transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. It is assumed that it is most important to treat thick AKs as they are believed to be more dysplastic than thin AKs. However, a relation between AK thickness and dysplasia or the expression of p53 has never been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate this possible relation. Sixty-six AKs were included for clinical and histological examination. Prior to performing a punch biopsy, the clinical thickness of each AK was measured objectively using two scale bars with a thickness of 0.5 mm and 1 mm. Subsequently, the thickness of the epidermis, the severity of dysplasia and the expression of p53 were assessed histologically. We found a strong and significant positive correlation between measured clinical thickness of the AKs and the histological thickness of epidermis (p < 0.0001). However, the clinical thickness did not correlate with either the severity of dysplasia (p = 0.7) or the expression of p53 (p = 0.5). In conclusion, thin AKs show the same severity of dysplasia and expression of p53 as thicker AK lesions. Consequently, clinical thickness cannot predict aggressiveness.
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- 2016
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20. Black tattoos protect against UVR-induced skin cancer in mice.
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Lerche CM, Sepehri M, Serup J, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
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- Animals, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced prevention & control, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Tattooing
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Background: Black tattoos may involve risk of cancer owing to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in inks. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces skin cancer. The combination of UVR and black tattoo may therefore potentially be very problematic, but has not been previously studied., Methods: Immunocompetent C3.Cg/TifBomTac mice (n = 99) were tattooed on the back with Starbrite Tribal Black(™) . This ink has a high content of the carcinogen BaP. Half of the mice were irradiated with three standard erythema doses UVR thrice weekly. Time to induction of first, second and third squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was measured. Controls were 'tattooed' without ink., Results: All irradiated mice developed SCCs while no malignant tumours were found in the nonirradiated group. In the tattooed and irradiated group, the development of the first, second and third SCC was significantly delayed in comparison with the irradiated controls without black tattoos (212, 232, 247 days vs. 163, 183, 191 days, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: In UVR-irradiated black tattoos, remarkably, the development of UVR-induced skin cancer was delayed by the tattoos. Skin reflectance measurement indicated that the protective effect of black pigment in the dermis might be attributed to UVR absorption by black pigment below the epidermis and thereby reduction of backscattered radiation., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2015
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21. Topical nutlin-3a does not decrease photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar radiation in hairless mice.
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, Gniadecki R, and Wulf HC
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- Administration, Topical, Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic drug effects, DNA Damage, Imidazoles pharmacology, Piperazines pharmacology, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunlight adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Nutlin-3a increases p53 levels after UVB radiation, which could result in a decrease in DNA damage and thus lead to a lower risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. Especially, organ transplant recipients might derive benefit from such a topical formulation with an active ingredient to prevent DNA damage., Purpose: To investigate whether topical nutlin-3a can decrease photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar radiation., Methods: 72 hairless C3.Cg/TifBomTac mice were treated 3 days/week topically with 100 μl nutlin-3a (9 mM) [Groups 1 and 3 (120 days)) or 100 μl vehicle (Group 2). Three hours later, all mice were exposed to simulated solar radiation (a radiometric equivalent of three standard erythema dose units)., Results: The median time to tumours did not differ between the mice treated with nutlin-3a and with the vehicle. The median time to the first and second tumours did not differ between 'nutlin-3a-120 days' and vehicle-treated mice, but there was a small significant difference in the median time to the third tumour (211 vs. 196 days, P = 0.043). However, after Bonferroni correction, there was no difference at all., Conclusion: Nutlin-3a had no reductive effect on photocarcinogenesis and we do not believe in nutlin-3a as a potential drug against DNA damage in a topical formulation for organ transplant patients., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
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- 2012
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22. Porphyrin biodistribution in UV-exposed murine skin after methyl- and hexyl-aminolevulinate incubation.
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Togsverd-Bo K, Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, Wulf HC, and Haedersdal M
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Aminolevulinic Acid administration & dosage, Aminolevulinic Acid analogs & derivatives, Aminolevulinic Acid pharmacokinetics, Animals, Biological Availability, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Models, Animal, Photochemotherapy, Photosensitizing Agents administration & dosage, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacokinetics, Precancerous Conditions drug therapy, Protoporphyrins metabolism, Skin drug effects, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Tissue Distribution, Porphyrins metabolism, Skin metabolism, Skin radiation effects, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) is a well-established treatment for precancerous skin lesions and non-melanoma skin cancer. Treatment outcomes are less effective for thick than for superficial lesions, which are presumed to be due to insufficient PpIX biodistribution in tumour tissue. Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) is a more lipophilic photosensitizer precursor than MAL and may penetrate the skin to a greater depth and more homogeneously. We compared HAL- and MAL-induced PpIX accumulation in specific skin compartments using concentrations of 2%, 6% and 20% HAL and MAL on long-term UV-irradiated mouse skin. Furthermore, 20% HAL and 20% MAL were applied to non-irradiated skin. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured by fluorescence microscopy in selected skin regions: the epidermis, superficial dermis, deep dermis and sebaceous gland epithelium down to a depth of 1 mm. We found higher PpIX fluorescence intensities in epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium from 2%, 6% and 20% HAL (median 72-104 au) than in corresponding concentrations of MAL (median 35-69 au) (P < 0.01). Fluorescence intensities in the superficial (35 au) and deep dermis (32 au) were similar for HAL and MAL (P = 0.51) and lower than epidermal fluorescence intensities (P < 0.001). Significantly, higher median PpIX fluorescence intensities (64 au) were found in 20% MAL-incubated skin irradiated with UV than in non-irradiated skin (48 au) (P < 0.001). HAL-induced fluorescence intensities did not depend on UV exposure (HAL 20%, UV: 72 au, non-UV: 70 au) (P = 0.87). In conclusion, HAL express high affinity for epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium, and MAL for actinically damaged skin, which raises future perspectives for improved selectivity in PDT., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
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- 2012
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23. Neonatal mice do not have increased sensitivity to induction of squamous cell carcinomas.
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Lerche CM, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aging immunology, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell immunology, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Female, Male, Mice, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced immunology, Risk Factors, Skin Neoplasms immunology, Time Factors, Aging pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is linked with the lifelong cumulative effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In contrast, epidemiological data have shown that sunburn in childhood is a stronger risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma than continuous UVR, indicating a higher carcinogenic sensitivity early in life., Methods: We investigated how a high neonatal dose of UVR affects the development of SCC in mice irradiated later in life. We used simulated solar radiation (sun) and solarium radiation (solarium). Ninety-nine C3.Cg/TifBomTac-immunocompetent hairless mice received 0, 25 or 35 standard erythema doses (SED) UVR when they were 4 days old followed by 4 SED sun or 4 SED solarium three times/weekly from 9 weeks of age., Results: Tumours developed faster in mice treated with 35 SED UVR + 4 SED sun compared with 4 SED sun, but no change was observed in the cumulative dose required to achieve tumours. Tumours also developed faster in mice treated with 35 SED UVR + 4 SED solarium compared with 4 SED solarium, and a difference was also observed in the cumulative dose required to achieve tumours. If the Skin Cancer Utrecht-Philadelphia-murine spectrum was used to weigh the delivered irradiance instead of the International Commission on Illumination erythema action spectrum, tumours developed after the same accumulated dose., Conclusion: In conclusion, this study does not indicate increased sensitivity to induction of SCC early in life., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
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- 2012
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24. High death rate in mice treated topically with diclofenac.
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Body Weight radiation effects, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic chemically induced, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic radiation effects, Female, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Mortality, Skin Pigmentation drug effects, Skin Pigmentation radiation effects, Statistics, Nonparametric, Survival Rate, Diclofenac toxicity, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Sunlight adverse effects, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Recently, 3% diclofenacnatrium gel (diclofenac) was introduced for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Data on photocarcinogenesis of topical diclofenac are limited, and we wished to investigate whether topical diclofenac can accelerate photocarcinogenesis using simulated solar radiation (SSR). Diclofenac was applied topically on the backs of hairless, female, C3.Cg/TifBomTac immunocompetent mice three times weekly followed by ultraviolet radiation (2, 3, or 4 Standard Erythema Dose) until death. There was a significant difference in survival between diclofenac-treated groups and control groups (P<0.0001). Physical examination of the diclofenac-treated mice showed peptic ulcers, oesophageal ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. To be sure that these side effects were not caused by topical absorption without oral ingestion, one group of mice was wearing Elizabethan collars and was single housed. Nevertheless, these mice also had gastrointestinal side effects. We terminated the experiment after 151 days when only a few mice remained in the diclofenac-treated groups and most had symptoms of discomfort and weight loss. No tumors developed as a result of the early termination., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
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- 2011
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25. Topical hydrocortisone, clobetasol propionate, and calcipotriol do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar irradiation in hairless mice.
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
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- Administration, Topical, Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Body Weight radiation effects, Calcitriol administration & dosage, Calcitriol pharmacology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Clobetasol administration & dosage, Clobetasol adverse effects, Dermatologic Agents administration & dosage, Dermatologic Agents pharmacology, Female, Hydrocortisone administration & dosage, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Skin drug effects, Skin pathology, Skin radiation effects, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Pigmentation drug effects, Skin Pigmentation radiation effects, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Calcitriol analogs & derivatives, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Clobetasol pharmacology, Hydrocortisone pharmacology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Sunlight adverse effects
- Abstract
Topical corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) and clobetasol-17-propionate (CP) and vitamin D(3) derivatives such as calcipotriol (CAL) are widely used to treat psoriasis. The immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids make their topical use a concern for skin carcinogenicity. Few studies have assessed the effect of topical corticosteroids and topical vitamin D(3) derivatives on photocarcinogenesis induced by ultraviolet radiation. We investigated whether HCB, CP, or CAL can accelerate photocarcinogenesis using simulated solar radiation (SSR). HCB, CP, or CAL was applied topically to the backs of hairless, female, C3.Cg/TifBomTac-immunocompetent mice in 16 groups of 25 mice each. The drugs were applied three times weekly followed by 0, 2, 4, or 6 standard erythema doses (SED) of SSR for 365 days or until death. No change was observed in the time required for tumor development in mice treated with HCB and 2 SED (HCB-2SED) and HCB-6SED. However, the time required for tumor development increased with HCB-4SED treatment. Treatment with CP-2SED did not change the time to onset of the first and second tumor, but all other CP treatments in combination with SSR increased the time. CAL-2SED decreased the time to onset of the first tumor but not of the second and third tumor. CAL-4SED and CAL-6 SED did not change or increased the time to tumor development. Our data indicated that topical administration of HCB and CAL did not alter the photocarcinogenesis of SSR and that topical CP administration had a photoprotective effect. Thus, HCB, CP, and CAL do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by SSR., (© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
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- 2010
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26. Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl- and hexylaminolevulinate for prophylaxis and treatment of UV-induced SCC in hairless mice.
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Togsverd-Bo K, Lerche CM, Poulsen T, Wulf HC, and Haedersdal M
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- Administration, Topical, Aminolevulinic Acid administration & dosage, Aminolevulinic Acid therapeutic use, Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell prevention & control, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced prevention & control, Photosensitizing Agents administration & dosage, Photosensitizing Agents therapeutic use, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Treatment Outcome, Aminolevulinic Acid analogs & derivatives, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell drug therapy, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced drug therapy, Photochemotherapy methods, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a long-chained 5-aminolevulinic acid-ester that has been proposed as a novel photosensitizing agent to methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) in topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The more lipophilic HAL, may improve treatment outcome for non-melanoma skin cancer., Objective: To compare the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of HAL- and MAL-PDT for ultraviolet-induced squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in hairless mice., Methods: Mice (n = 249) were irradiated with solar UV-radiation (UVR) until SCC occurred. Before any skin changes developed, two prophylactic PDT treatments were given, using creams of HAL (2%, 6%, 20%) or MAL (20%) followed by illumination (632 nm, Aktilite, Photocure). Two therapeutic PDT-treatments were given by randomization to the first developed SCC of 1 mm. Primary end-points were time to first SCC of 1 mm and complete SCC clearance. Secondary end-points were time to SCC-recurrence, PpIX fluorescence and skin reactions to PDT., Results: The median time to first SCC was significantly longer for mice treated with prophylactic HAL-PDT (2%, 6% and 20% HAL, 264 days) and MAL-PDT (20% MAL, 269 days) than mice exposed to UVR (186 days) and UVR + placebo-PDT (199 days) (P < 0.0001). The therapeutic efficacy of HAL- and MAL-PDT showed cure rates of 23-61.5% (P = 0.11). Similar PpIX fluorescence intensity and severity of clinical reactions were seen for HAL- and MAL-groups, although mice developed more intense hyper-pigmentation when treated with 20% MAL-PDT compared with 2% HAL-PDT., Conclusions: PDT with HAL (2%, 6% and 20%) and MAL (20%) is equally effective to prevent and treat UV-induced SCC in hairless mice.
- Published
- 2010
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27. Photocarcinogenesis and toxicity of benzoyl peroxide in hairless mice after simulated solar radiation.
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
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- Animals, Benzoyl Peroxide administration & dosage, Benzoyl Peroxide pharmacology, Carcinogenicity Tests, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell mortality, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Clindamycin administration & dosage, Clindamycin pharmacology, Clindamycin toxicity, Erythema etiology, Erythema pathology, Female, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced mortality, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Pulmonary Edema etiology, Pulmonary Edema pathology, Skin drug effects, Skin pathology, Skin radiation effects, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Pigmentation drug effects, Skin Pigmentation radiation effects, Benzoyl Peroxide toxicity, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Topical benzoyl peroxide (BPO) gel has long been used to treat acne vulgaris and has recently been combined with clindamycin (BPO-clin). No skin malignancies have been reported after clinical use of BPO, but there has been concern about the possible carcinogenicity of BPO alone and in combination with UV radiation. BPO can promote skin tumorigenesis in a mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis model. As acne vulgaris is frequently localized on sun-exposed areas, we investigated whether BPO or BPO-clin accelerates photocarcinogenesis in combination with simulated solar radiation (SSR) in 12 groups of 25 hairless female C3.Cg/TifBomTac-immunocompetent mice. BPO or BPO-clin was applied topically to the back five times each week, followed by SSR three times each week (2, 3, or 4 standard erythema doses) 3-4 h later, for 365 days or until death. Generally BPO and BPO-clin did not accelerate the time to first, second or third tumor. Therefore, there is no evidence suggesting that BPO or BPO-clin is photocarcinogenic. However, we found significantly higher mortality in the SSR exposed groups receiving BPO and BPO-clin compared with groups receiving only BPO or BPO-clin. Our results show that BPO and the combination of BPO and clindamycin do not accelerate photocarcinogenesis, but are toxic in hairless mice. Based on the current data, the cancer risk associated with the use of BPO and BPO-clin in sun-exposed areas is minimal. Thus, while the carcinogenic potential of BPO is not fully understood, at the present time, evidence suggests that this compound is safe to use.
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- 2010
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28. Reduced ultraviolet irradiation delays subsequent squamous cell carcinomas in hairless mice.
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Togsverd-Bo K, Lerche CM, Poulsen T, Haedersdal M, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Radiation Dosage, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell prevention & control, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Ultraviolet Rays
- Abstract
Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and UV prophylaxis is essential to prevent skin cancer. It is unclear whether patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) may benefit from reduced UV exposures in terms of delaying the development of new tumors. The objective was to evaluate the significance of discontinued or reduced UV exposure for the development of subsequent skin tumors., Methods: Seven groups of mice (n = 175) were irradiated with UV doses of 2 and 4 standard erythema doses (SED) that were continued, reduced or discontinued at the time of appearance of the first skin tumor., Results: The development of new tumors was delayed, corresponding to the degree of reductions in UV dose in an inversely linear manner. Discontinuation of UV doses delayed the median times to the second tumor by 24 days (2 SED, P = 0.0549) and 33.5 days (4 SED, P < 0.0001), and when reduced to 1 SED, the median delays were 18 days (2 SED, P = 0.0469) and 33 days (4 SED, P < 0.0001). The median delay to the third tumor was after UV reduction 47 days (4 SED, P < 0.0001) and 35 days (2 SED, P = 0.151), and after UV discontinuation 49 days (4 SED, P < 0.0001) and 44 days (2 SED, P = 0.111)., Conclusion: This suggests that patients with SCC may benefit from reduced UV exposure.
- Published
- 2009
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29. Topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus do not accelerate photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice after UVA or simulated solar radiation.
- Author
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Skin drug effects, Skin physiopathology, Skin radiation effects, Skin Pigmentation drug effects, Skin Pigmentation radiation effects, Tacrolimus administration & dosage, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell physiopathology, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced physiopathology, Skin Neoplasms physiopathology, Tacrolimus analogs & derivatives, Tacrolimus pharmacology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are topical calcineurin inhibitors developed specifically for the treatment of atopic eczema. Experience with long-term use of topical calcineurin inhibitors is limited and the risk of rare but serious adverse events remains a concern. We have previously demonstrated the absence of carcinogenic effect of tacrolimus alone and in combination with simulated solar radiation (SSR) on hairless mice. The aim of this study is to determine whether pimecrolimus accelerates photocarcinogenesis in combination with SSR or pimecrolimus and tacrolimus accelerate photocarcinogenesis in combination with UVA. We used 11 groups of 25 hairless female C3.Cg/TifBomTac immunocompetent mice (n = 275). Pimecrolimus cream or tacrolimus ointment was applied on their dorsal skin three times weekly followed by SSR (2, 4, or 6 standard erythema doses, SED) or UVA (25 J/cm(2)) 3-4 h later. This was done up to 365 days in the SSR-treated groups and up to 500 days in the UVA-treated groups. Pimecrolimus did not accelerate the time for development of the first, second or third tumor in any of the groups. Median time to the first tumor was 240 days for the control-2SED group compared with pimecrolimus-2SED group (233 days), control-4SED group (156 days) compared with pimecrolimus-4SED group (163 days) and control-6SED group (162 days) compared with pimecrolimus-6SED group (170 days). Only one mouse in each of the three UVA groups developed a tumor. We conclude that pimecrolimus in combination with SSR and both pimecrolimus and tacrolimus in combination with UVA do not accelerate photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice.
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- 2009
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30. Topical tacrolimus in combination with simulated solar radiation does not enhance photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice.
- Author
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell physiopathology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced physiopathology, Skin pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms physiopathology, Skin Pigmentation drug effects, Skin Pigmentation radiation effects, Tacrolimus administration & dosage, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic drug effects, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic radiation effects, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Skin drug effects, Skin radiation effects, Tacrolimus pharmacology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of topical tacrolimus ointment in atopic dermatitis. However, there is a concern that local immunosuppression by calcineurin inhibitors may enhance dermal photocarcinogenesis and carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the influence of topical tacrolimus ointment on squamous cell carcinoma formation in hairless female C3.Cg/TifBomTac immunocompetent mice exposed to solar simulated radiation (SSR). In a first experiment, mice (n = 200) had tacrolimus applied on their dorsal skin three times weekly followed by SSR (2, 4 or 6 standard erythema doses, SED) 3-4 h later. Tacrolimus did not reduce the time to tumor development and in the group receiving 4 SED it even had a protective effect (156 days vs 170 days, P = 0.008). In a second experiment, mice (n = 50) were irradiated with 6 SED three times weekly for 3 months and subsequently treated five times weekly with topical tacrolimus to mimic the use of tacrolimus on sun-damaged skin. The median time to the first skin tumor was 234 days in SSR + tacrolimus group compared with 227 days in the only SSR-irradiated group (P = 0.160). In a third experiment, mice (n = 25) had tacrolimus applied on their dorsal skin every day for 1 month, thereafter the group was irradiated with 4 SED three times weekly. The median time to the first skin tumor was 142 days in tacrolimus + SSR group compared with 156 days in the only SSR-irradiated group from experiment 1 (P = 0.363). We conclude that tacrolimus ointment does not accelerate photocarcinogenesis or induce any dermal carcinogenicity in hairless mice.
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- 2008
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31. Bis(tetrathiafulvalene)-calix[2]pyrrole[2]- thiophene and its complexation with TCNQ.
- Author
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Poulsen T, Nielsen KA, Bond AD, and Jeppesen JO
- Abstract
The synthesis of a rare example of a calix[2]pyrrole[2]thiophene derivative incorporating two tetrathiafulvalene units is described along with its X-ray crystal structure. Complexation studies between the bis(tetrathiafulvalene)-calix[2]pyrrole[2]thiophene and 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) were carried out in solution using absorption and ESR spectroscopies as well as in the solid state using X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2007
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32. Squamous cell carcinoma induced by ultraviolet radiation originates from cells of the hair follicle in mice.
- Author
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Faurschou A, Haedersdal M, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, DNA Damage, Female, Hair Follicle radiation effects, Lasers, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Mice, Inbred C3H, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Hair Follicle pathology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVB) is the most carcinogenic part of the ultraviolet spectrum. The target cells of skin cancer are believed to be the bulge stem cells and/or their offspring, the transit-amplifying cells that reside in the epidermis. However, the amount of UVB penetrating epidermis and reaching the bulge cells is very low, which questions if these cells suffer sufficient DNA damage to transform into cancer stem cells. We performed this study to determine whether UV-induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) originates from the epidermis or the hair follicles in mice. Hairless mice had their epidermis removed at different levels using CO(2) laser ablation. Simulated solar irradiations were administered either preoperatively (in total 7 weeks) or pre- and postoperatively (in total 30 weeks). Control groups were untreated or treated only with solar-simulated radiation or with laser. Blinded clinical assessments of skin tumors were carried out weekly during 12 months observation. Only mice irradiated with solar-simulated radiation both pre- and postoperatively developed tumors. Median time to first, second and third tumor ranged from 19 to 20.5 weeks and was not significantly different between the non-laser and laser-treated groups (P > 0.05). The tumor response was thus similar in UV-exposed mice whether they had their epidermis removed or not. No tumors appeared in control groups. Hence, UV-induced SCC of mice originates from cells of the hair follicle, presumably the bulge stem cells, indicating that ultraviolet radiation penetrates epidermis sufficiently to cause irreversible DNA damage in cells located beneath the epidermis.
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- 2007
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33. Postoperative analgesia in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on peroperative and postoperative ropivacaine, ketorolac, and adrenaline wound infiltration.
- Author
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Andersen LJ, Poulsen T, Krogh B, and Nielsen T
- Subjects
- Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Injections, Intra-Articular, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Placebos, Recovery of Function, Ropivacaine, Treatment Outcome, Amides administration & dosage, Analgesia methods, Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip adverse effects, Epinephrine administration & dosage, Ketorolac administration & dosage, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Vasoconstrictor Agents administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Comfort and lack of pain are important for optimal mobilization after hip replacement. We investigated the efficacy of double wound infiltration., Patients and Methods: 40 consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomized into two groups in this double-blinded study. They received wound infiltration at the end of surgery and through an intraarticular catheter 24 h postoperatively. The catheter was placed at the end of surgery. One group received solutions of ropivacaine, ketorolac, and adrenaline. Patients in the control group were injected with saline instead. The observation period was 6 weeks., Results: The patients who received the analgesic solution had less pain up to 2 weeks postoperatively. They reached an earlier and lower pain minimum during the first days postoperatively, had lower use of analgesia up to day 4 postoperatively, and were more satisfied. Use of analgesic solution resulted in less joint stiffness and better function 1 week postoperatively., Interpretation: Operative and postoperative wound infiltration with multimodal drugs reduces pain and the requirement for analgesics after hip replacement, leading to faster postoperative mobilization.
- Published
- 2007
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34. CO2 laser-resurfacing: increased risk of side effects after uv-exposure-an experimental animal study.
- Author
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Hedelund L, Haedersdal M, Egekvist H, Heidenheim M, Hans CW, and Poulsen T
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Lasers adverse effects, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Probability, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spectrum Analysis methods, Statistics, Nonparametric, Wound Healing physiology, Wound Healing radiation effects, Carbon Dioxide, Hyperpigmentation pathology, Hyperpigmentation radiotherapy, Laser Therapy, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser resurfacing is primarily performed on photodamaged facial skin where patients are further exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) postoperatively. We examined whether pre- and postoperative UVR influences the development of CO(2) laser-induced side effects., Study Design/materials and Methods: Hairless mice (n = 211) were treated with a Sharplan CO(2) laser with FeatherTouch scanner. Simulated solar irradiation was administered either preoperatively or pre- and postoperatively. Skin end-points (wounds, texture changes, and pigmentary changes) were evaluated blinded by clinical evaluations, skin reflectance spectroscopy, and histological examinations., Results: Pre- and postoperative UVR exposed mice obtained higher clinical scores of wounds (P < 0.02) and texture changes (P < 0.01) and developed more heavy fibrosis than mice treated with laser but no UVR. UVR exposure after CO(2) laser treatment induced significant hyperpigmentation compared to unexposed control mice (P < 0.003), whereas CO(2) laser treatment itself did not induce pigmentary changes., Conclusions: UVR increases in an animal model the occurrence of postoperative side effects from CO(2) laser resurfacing., ((c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2005
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35. CO2 laser resurfacing and photocarcinogenesis: an experimental study.
- Author
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Hedelund L, Haedersdal M, Egekvist H, Heidenheim M, Wulf HC, and Poulsen T
- Subjects
- Animals, Carbon Dioxide, Female, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Cosmetic Techniques adverse effects, Lasers adverse effects, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: To examine whether carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment has a carcinogenic potential or may influence ultraviolet (UV)-induced carcinogenesis., Study Design/materials and Methods: Hairless mice (n = 211) were treated with a Sharplan CO2 laser with FeatherTouch scanner. Simulated solar irradiations were administrated either pre-operatively or pre- and post-operatively. Weekly clinical assessments of skin tumors were performed blinded during the entire observation period of 12 months., Results: No tumors appeared (a) in mice just treated with CO2 laser, (b) in mice exposed to UV irradiation only before CO2 laser treatment or (c) in untreated control mice. Tumors developed in CO2 laser treated mice that were exposed to UV-irradiation both pre- and post-operatively and in UV-irradiated control mice. The time to first, second, and third tumors ranged from 18 to 20 weeks and no significant differences were demonstrated., Conclusions: CO2 laser treatment does not have a carcinogenic potential in itself, nor does CO2 laser treatment influence UV-induced carcinogenesis.
- Published
- 2004
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36. Influence of epidermal thickness, pigmentation and redness on skin autofluorescence.
- Author
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Sandby-Møller J, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Biopsy, Epidermis pathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Epidermis anatomy & histology, Epidermis radiation effects, Fluorescence, Skin Pigmentation physiology
- Abstract
Detection of autofluorescence at the skin surface is highly influenced by melanin and hemoglobin. Epidermal absorption and scattering may also be an influencing factor and is represented in this article as a quantitative parameter, epidermal thickness. To examine this parameter we measured the 370 nm fluorescence in vivo after excitation with 330 nm and the 455 nm fluorescence after excitation with 330 and 370 nm. Measurements were performed on sun-exposed skin at the dorsal aspect of the forearm and shoulder and on nonexposed buttock skin. Skin pigmentation and redness of the same body sites were measured by reflectance spectroscopy. The thickness of the stratum corneum and the cellular part of epidermis was quantified by light microscopy of skin biopsies. Multiple regression analysis was used to find correlations between autofluorescence and the potential influencing factors. We found a highly significant correlation of skin autofluorescence with pigmentation and redness for both emission wavelengths (Em). A small but significant correlation to epidermal thickness was found only for excitation wavelength (Ex) 370 nm and Em455 nm if body site was included in the analysis. No correlation between Ex330:Em370 and Ex330:Em455 and thickness of epidermis was found. For practical use, correction of skin autofluorescence for pigmentation is essential, correction for redness is of less importance and correction for epidermal thickness is unnecessary.
- Published
- 2003
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37. Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits.
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Sandby-Møller J, Poulsen T, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Biopsy, Needle, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Probability, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skin pathology, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Smoking, Epidermis anatomy & histology, Skin blood supply, Skin Aging physiology, Skin Pigmentation physiology
- Abstract
Epidermal thickness and its relationship to age, gender, skin type, pigmentation, blood content, smoking habits and body site is important in dermatologic research and was investigated in this study. Biopsies from three different body sites of 71 human volunteers were obtained, and thickness of the stratum corneum and cellular epidermis was measured microscopically using a preparation technique preventing tissue damage. Multiple regressions analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the various factors independently of each other. Mean (SD) thickness of the stratum corneum was 18.3 (4.9) microm at the dorsal aspect of the forearm, 11.0 (2.2) microm at the shoulder and 14.9 (3.4) microm at the buttock. Corresponding values for the cellular epidermis were 56.6 (11.5) microm, 70.3 (13.6) microm and 81.5 (15.7) microm, respectively. Body site largely explains the variation in epidermal thickness, but also a significant individual variation was observed. Thickness of the stratum corneum correlated positively to pigmentation (p = 0.0008) and negatively to the number of years of smoking (p < 0.0001). Thickness of the cellular epidermis correlated positively to blood content (P = 0.028) and was greater in males than in females (P < 0.0001). Epidermal thickness was not correlated to age or skin type.
- Published
- 2003
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