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1. Sign Singularity of the Local Energy Transfer in Space Plasma Turbulence

Author

Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Gaetano De Vita, Federico Fraternale, Alexandre Gurchumelia, Silvia Perri, Giuseppina Nigro, Filomena Catapano, Alessandro Retinò, Christopher H. K. Chen, Emiliya Yordanova, Oreste Pezzi, Khatuna Chargazia, Oleg Kharshiladze, Diana Kvaratskhelia, Christian L. Vásconez, Raffaele Marino, Olivier Le Contel, Barbara Giles, Thomas E. Moore, Roy B. Torbert, and James L. Burch

Subjects
turbulence, dissipation, space plasmas, magnetosphere, singularity, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In weakly collisional space plasmas, the turbulent cascade provides most of the energy that is dissipated at small scales by various kinetic processes. Understanding the characteristics of such dissipative mechanisms requires the accurate knowledge of the fluctuations that make energy available for conversion at small scales, as different dissipation processes are triggered by fluctuations of a different nature. The scaling properties of different energy channels are estimated here using a proxy of the local energy transfer, based on the third-order moment scaling law for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. In particular, the sign-singularity analysis was used to explore the scaling properties of the alternating positive-negative energy fluxes, thus providing information on the structure and topology of such fluxes for each of the different type of fluctuations. The results show the highly complex geometrical nature of the flux, and that the local contributions associated with energy and cross-helicity non-linear transfer have similar scaling properties. Consequently, the fractal properties of current and vorticity structures are similar to those of the Alfvénic fluctuations.

Published
2019
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2. Substrate vibrations during acoustic signalling in the cicada Okanagana rimosa

Author

Heiko Stölting, Thomas E. Moore, and Reinhard Lakes-Harlan

Subjects
auditory, acoustic, communication, evolution, insect, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Males of the North American cicada Okanagana rimosa (Homoptera: Cicadidae, Tibicininae) emit loud airborne acoustic signals for intraspecific communication. Specialised vibratory signals could not be detected; however, the airborne signal induced substrate vibrations. Both auditory and vibratory spectra peak in the range from 7-10 kHz. Thus, the vibrations show similar frequency components to the sound spectrum within biologically relevant distances. These vibratory signals could be important as signals involved in mate localization and perhaps even as the context for the evolution of the ear in a group of parasitoid flies.

Published
2002

6. Detrital zircon ages from upper Paleozoic–Triassic clastic strata on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: An enigmatic component of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate

Author

Jeffrey M. Amato, Julie A. Dumoulin, Eric S. Gottlieb, and Thomas E. Moore

Subjects
Stratigraphy, Geology
Abstract

New lithologic and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb data from Devonian–Triassic strata on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea and from the western Brooks Range of Alaska suggest affinities between these two areas. The Brooks Range constitutes part of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate, but the tectonic and paleogeographic affinities of St. Lawrence Island are unknown or at best speculative. Strata on St. Lawrence Island form a Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession and a Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession that are subdivided according to three distinctive DZ age distributions. The Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession has Mississippian-age quartz arenite beds with Silurian, Cambrian, Neoproterozoic, and Mesoproterozoic DZ age modes, and it exhibits similar age distributions and lithologic and biostratigraphic characteristics as Mississippian-age Utukok Formation strata in the Kelly River allochthon of the western Brooks Range. Consistent late Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, and Silurian ages in each of the Mississippian-age units suggest efficient mixing of the DZ prior to deposition, and derivation from strata exposed by the pre-Mississippian unconformity and/or Endicott Group strata that postdate the unconformity. The Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession is subdivided into feldspathic and graywacke subunits. The feldspathic subunit has a unimodal DZ age mode at 2.06 Ga, identical to Nuka Formation strata in the Nuka Ridge allochthon of the western Brooks Range, and it records a distinctive depositional episode related to late Paleozoic juxtaposition of a Paleoproterozoic terrane along the most distal parts of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate. The graywacke subunit has Triassic maximum depositional ages and abundant late Paleozoic grains, likely sourced from fringing arcs and/or continent-scale paleorivers draining Eurasia, and it has similar age distributions to Triassic strata from the Lisburne Peninsula (northwestern Alaska), Chukotka and Wrangel Island (eastern Russia), and the northern Sverdrup Basin (Canadian Arctic), but, unlike the Devonian–Triassic carbonate succession and feldspathic subunit of the Mississippian(?)–Triassic clastic succession, it has no obvious analogue in the western Brooks Range allochthon stack. These correlations establish St. Lawrence Island as conclusively belonging to the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate, thus enhancing our understanding of the circum-Arctic region in late Paleozoic–Triassic time.

Published
2022

7. Turbulence-Driven Ion Beams in the Magnetospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

Author

Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Filomena Catapano, Alessandro Retinò, Olivier Le Contel, Denise Perrone, Owen W. Roberts, Jesse T. Coburn, Vincenzo Panebianco, Francesco Valentini, Silvia Perri, Antonella Greco, Francesco Malara, Vincenzo Carbone, Pierluigi Veltri, Oreste Pezzi, Federico Fraternale, Francesca Di Mare, Raffaele Marino, Barbara Giles, Thomas E. Moore, Christopher T. Russell, Roy B. Torbert, Jim L. Burch, and Yuri V. Khotyaintsev

Published
2019
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10. On formation flying in low earth mirrored orbits — A case study

Author

K. Garcia-Sage, Alex Glocer, Khashayar Parsay, Kenneth Yienger, Thomas E. Moore, and Douglas E. Rowland

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Aerospace Engineering, Magnetosphere, Heliophysics, Flight dynamics, Range (aeronautics), Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Eccentricity (behavior), Aerospace engineering, business, Orbit insertion, media_common, Constellation
Abstract

Spacecraft formation flying in co-planar identical orbits with oppositely directed apse lines (eccentricity vectors) allows simultaneous in-situ measurements in different altitudes and time-sequential measurements in a limited altitude range (rapid revisit); a key enabling factor in understanding many poorly understood phenomena in our atmosphere and its interaction with the magnetosphere. The dynamics and control problem for flying formations in mirrored orbits are investigated using the Mechanisms of Energetic Mass Ejection - Explorer (MEME-X) mission concept as a case study. It is determined that the proposed two-craft and four-craft configurations require routine maintenance to correct their relative motion. The formation maintenance costs are quantified for both configurations and determined to be within the capabilities of small satellites. A high-fidelity end-to-end simulation is developed to model the entire two-craft mission concept, from orbit insertion to decommissioning, providing an approximate baseline for the flight dynamics costs of similar missions using multiple spacecraft flying in mirrored orbits.

Published
2021

16. Interplay of turbulence and proton-microinstability growth in space plasmas

Author

Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, Ramiz A. Qudsi, S. Peter Gary, William H. Matthaeus, Tulasi N. Parashar, Bennett A. Maruca, Vadim Roytershteyn, Alexandros Chasapis, Barbara L. Giles, Daniel J. Gershman, Craig J. Pollock, Christopher T. Russell, Robert J. Strangeway, Roy B. Torbert, Thomas E. Moore, and James L. Burch

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Numerous prior studies have shown that as proton beta increases, a narrower range of proton temperature anisotropy values is observed. This effect has often been ascribed to the actions of kinetic microinstabilities because the distribution of observational data aligns with contours of constant instability growth rates in the beta-anisotropy plane. However, the linear Vlasov theory of instabilities assumes a uniform background in which perturbations grow. The established success of linear-microinstability theories suggests that the conditions in regions of extreme temperature anisotropy may remain uniform for a long enough time so that the instabilities have the chance to grow to sufficient amplitude. Turbulence, on the other hand, is intrinsically non-uniform and non-linear. Thin current sheets and other coherent structures generated in a turbulent plasma, may destroy the uniformity fast enough. It is therefore not a-priori obvious whether the presence of intermittency and coherent structures favors or disfavors instabilities. To address this question, we examined the statistical distribution of growth rates associated with proton temperature-anisotropy driven microinstabilities and local nonlinear time scales in turbulent plasmas. Linear growth rates are, on average, substantially less than the local nonlinear rates. However, at the regions of extreme values of temperature anisotropy, near the "edges" of the populated part of the proton temperature anisotropy-parallel beta plane, the instability growth rates are comparable or faster than the turbulence time scales. These results provide a possible answer to the question as to why the linear theory appears to work in limiting plasma excursions in anisotropy and plasma beta., Accepted for publication in Physics of Plasmas

Published
2022

17. Statistical Survey of Collisionless Dissipation in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath

Author

Craig J. Pollock, Thomas E. Moore, Rohit Chhiber, Roy Torbert, Yanwen Wang, James L. Burch, Barbara L. Giles, Yan Yang, William H. Matthaeus, Alexandros Chasapis, Christopher T. Russell, John C. Dorelli, Daniel J. Gershman, Frederick Wilder, Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, and Robert J. Strangeway

Subjects
Physics, Solar wind, Geophysics, Magnetosheath, Similarity (network science), Space and Planetary Science, Dissipation, Statistical survey
Published
2021

18. Dissipation of Earthward Propagating Flux Rope Through Re‐reconnection with Geomagnetic Field: An MMS Case Study

Author

James A. Slavin, Rumi Nakamura, Christopher T. Russell, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Shasha Zou, Craig J. Pollock, Thomas E. Moore, James L. Burch, San Lu, Roy B. Torbert, D. S. Ozturk, Barbara L. Giles, Weijie Sun, Gangkai Poh, Daniel J. Gershman, Guan Le, Jonathan Eastwood, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Physics, Geophysics, Earth's magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Flux, Magnetic reconnection, Dissipation, Rope
Abstract

Three‐dimensional global hybrid simulations and observations have shown that earthward‐moving flux ropes (FRs) can undergo magnetic reconnection (or re‐reconnection) with the near‐Earth dipole field to create dipolarization front (DF)‐like signatures that are immediately preceded by brief intervals of negative BZ. The simultaneous erosion of the southward BZ field at the leading edge of the FR and continuous reconnection of lobe magnetic flux at the X‐line tailward of the FR result in the asymmetric south‐north BZ signature in many earthward‐moving FRs and possibly DFs with negative BZ dips prior to their observation. In this study, we analyzed Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) observation of fields and plasma signatures associated with the encounter of an ion diffusion region ahead of an earthward‐moving FR on 3 August 2017. The signatures of this re‐reconnection event were (i) +/− BZ reversal, (ii) −/+ bipolar‐type quadrupolar Hall magnetic fields, (iii) northward super‐Alfvénic electron outflow jet of ~1,000–1,500 km/s, (iv) Hall electric field of ~15 mV/m, (v) intense currents of ~40–100 nA/m2, and (vi) J·E′ ~0.11 nW/m3. Our analysis suggests that the MMS spacecraft encounters the ion and electron diffusion regions but misses the X‐line. Our results are in good agreement with particle‐in‐cell simulations of Lu et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022815). We computed a dimensionless reconnection rate of ~0.09 for this re‐reconnection event and through modeling, estimating that the FR would fully dissipate by −16.58 RE. We demonstrated pertubations in the high‐latitude ionospheric currents at the same time of the dissipation of earthward‐moving FRs using ground‐ and space‐based measurements.

Published
2019

19. Collisionless relaxation of the ion ring distribution in space plasma

Author

Thomas E. Moore, Alex Glocer, and Leon Ofman

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Solar wind, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Relaxation (physics), Magnetic pressure, Astrophysical plasma, Ionosphere, Atomic physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Energetic processes often produce transversely-heated angular distributions of the magnetized core (lowest energy) plasma. This characteristic is found in solar wind ion pickup, resulting from cometary or interstellar gas ionization, in Earths’ ionosphere, and with hot ions formed around the Space Transportation System during gas releases. We investigate the thermalization of O+ ion pickup using the 2.5D hybrid simulation method (with fluid electrons and kinetic ions) of the ion pickup (ring) distributions, formed in the auroral ionosphere, with a range of ring velocities and thermal to magnetic pressure ratios. We find that in the unstable collisonless regime the anisotropy of the non-thermal distribution produces the ion-cyclotron instability, and the nonlinear relaxation is accompanied by wave-particle scattering that results in an emitted power of EMIC waves. We conclude that ionospheric pickup thermalization is slow due to the small ring speed compared to the thermal and Alfven speeds, while in the solar wind and other space plasmas regions with larger ion-ring velocity the collisionless relaxation and thermalization is rapid in terms of O+ ion gyro-period.

Published
2019

20. Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Exhumation of the Western Brooks Range, Alaska, Revealed From Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data

Author

David W. Houseknecht, Paul B. O'Sullivan, Thomas E. Moore, William H. Craddock, and Christopher J. Potter

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fission track dating, 01 natural sciences, Apatite, Cretaceous, Tectonics, Geophysics, Arctic, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Cenozoic, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Published
2018

21. Kinetic Interaction of Cold and Hot Protons With an Oblique EMIC Wave Near the Dayside Reconnecting Magnetopause

Author

Thomas E. Moore, Richard E. Denton, Barbara L. Giles, Huimin Fu, Adolfo F. Viñas, Justin H. Lee, Mats André, N. Kitamura, Daniel B. Graham, Benoit Lavraud, Stephen A. Fuselier, O. Le Contel, James L. Burch, Alfonso Salinas, D. J. Gershman, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Enrique A. Navarro, Sarah K. Vines, Jorge A. Portí, Robert Allen, Wangping Li, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Drew Turner, Scott A. Boardsen, Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, The Aerospace Corporation, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Hanover], Dartmouth College [Hanover], School of Space and Environment [Beijing], Beihang University (BUAA), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [TITECH Tokyo], Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Science Center [Beijing] (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Valencia, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain, University of Granada, and University of Granada [Granada]

Subjects
Ones, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], oblique propagation, Magnetosphere, wave-particle interaction, Plasma (Gasos ionitzats), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Physics::Plasma Physics, Nuclear Experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, electromagnetic ion cyclotron, Geofysik, magnetopause, Astronomy, Oblique case, Geofísica, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Emic and etic, Magnetopause, cold ions, Christian ministry, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Ionosphere, multi-ion plasma
Abstract

STR acknowledges support from the ISSI international team Cold plasma of ionospheric origin in the Earth's magnetosphere and of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain (grant FIS2017-90102-R). Research at IRAP was supported by CNRS, CNES and the University of Toulouse. JHL and DLT acknowledge support from NASA Grant 80NSSC18K1378. RED was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K070 and 80NSSC19K0254. MA was supported by SNSA Grant 56/18. SKV and RCA acknowledge support from NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0270. Work performed by MMS team members is supported by NASA contract NNG04EB99C., We report observations of the ion dynamics inside an Alfvén branch wave that propagates near the reconnecting dayside magnetopause. The measured frequency, wave normal angle and polarization are consistent with the predictions of a dispersion solver. The magnetospheric plasma contains hot protons (keV), cold protons (eV), plus some heavy ions. While the cold protons follow the magnetic field fluctuations and remain frozen-in, the hot protons are at the limit of magnetization. The cold protons exchange energy back and forth, adiabatically, with the wave fields. The cold proton velocity fluctuations contribute to balance the Hall term fluctuations in Ohm's law, and the wave E field has small ellipticity and right-handed polarization. The dispersion solver indicates that increasing the cold proton density facilitates propagation and amplification of these waves at oblique angles, as for the observed wave., ISSI international team Cold plasma of ionospheric origin in the Earth's magnetosphere, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain FIS2017-90102-R, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, University of Toulouse, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC18K1378 80NSSC19K070 80NSSC19K0254 80NSSC19K0270 NNG04EB99C, SNSA 56/18

Published
2021

22. Electron‐Only Tail Current Sheets and Their Temporal Evolution

Author

James L. Burch, Christopher T. Russell, Thomas E. Moore, Yi Qi, Mark Alexander Hubbert, and Barbara L. Giles

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Magnetic reconnection, Geophysics, Electron, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lobe, Current sheet, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Current (fluid), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Earth's magnetotail contains a current sheet separating the anti-Sunward field of the southern lobe from the sunward-pointing northern lobe. Herein, we report tail current sheets that are suppo...

Published
2021

23. Observations of Mirror Mode Structures in the Dawn‐Side Magnetosphere

Author

James L. Burch, Victoria N. Coffey, Craig J. Pollock, Steven J. Schwartz, Roy B. Torbert, Thomas E. Moore, Christopher T. Russell, L. A. Avanov, Michael O. Chandler, and Barbara L. Giles

Subjects
Physics, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Quantum electrodynamics, Mode (statistics), Magnetosphere, Magnetic reconnection
Published
2021

24. In situ evidence of ion acceleration between consecutive reconnection jet fronts

Author

Thomas E. Moore, Filomena Catapano, S. A. Fuselier, Yuri Khotyaintsev, Hugo Breuillard, Barry Mauk, Silvia Perri, Robert E. Ergun, Dominique Delcourt, Ian J. Cohen, Olivier Le Contel, Roy B. Torbert, Giulia Cozzani, Gaetano Zimbardo, Christopher Russell, Alessandro Retinò, Barbara L. Giles, James L. Burch, Drew Turner, Andris Vaivads, Alexandra Alexandrova, Per A. Lindqvist, Antonella Greco, L. Mirioni, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), and Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Jet (fluid), Turbulence, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Magnetic field, Computational physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Outflow, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Processes driven by unsteady reconnection can efficiently accelerate particles in many astrophysical plasmas. An example is the reconnection jet fronts in an outflow region. We present evidence of suprathermal ion acceleration between two consecutive reconnection jet fronts observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the terrestrial magnetotail. An earthward propagating jet is approached by a second faster jet. Between the jets, the thermal ions are mostly perpendicular to magnetic field, are trapped, and are gradually accelerated in the parallel direction up to 150 keV. Observations suggest that ions are predominantly accelerated by a Fermi-like mechanism in the contracting magnetic bottle formed between the two jet fronts. The ion acceleration mechanism is presumably efficient in other environments where jet fronts produced by variable rates of reconnection are common and where the interaction of multiple jet fronts can also develop a turbulent environment, e.g., in stellar and solar eruptions.

Published
2021

25. Assessment of undiscovered gas resources in Upper Devonian to Lower Cretaceous strata of the western North Slope, Alaska, 2021

Author

Margaret M. Sanders, John W. Counts, Jared T. Gooley, David W. Houseknecht, Tracey J. Mercier, Julie A. Dumoulin, Katherine J. Whidden, Christopher J. Schenk, William H. Craddock, Christopher P. Garrity, Richard O. Lease, Rebecca A. Smith, Thomas E. Moore, Christopher D. Connors, William A. Rouse, Joshua H. Long, Christina A. DeVera, and Palma J. Botterell

Subjects
Paleontology, Geology, Devonian, Cretaceous
Published
2021

26. Lower-Hybrid Drift Waves Driving Electron Nongyrotropic Heating and Vortical Flows in a Magnetic Reconnection Layer

Author

Christopher T. Russell, James Drake, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Shan Wang, Levon A. Avanov, John C. Dorelli, Rumi Nakamura, Naoki Bessho, Benoit Lavraud, Jonathan Ng, Lynn B. Wilson, L. J. Chen, Kevin Genestreti, C. J. Pollock, Robert E. Ergun, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Roy B. Torbert, Michael Hesse, Daniel B. Graham, Thomas E. Moore, W. R. Paterson, James L. Burch, O. Le Contel, A. C. Rager, Barbara L. Giles, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of America, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Sengkang Health, Partenaires INRAE, Space and Atmospheric Sciences Group [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), EOS Space Science Center [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Space Science and Engineering Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, and Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )

Subjects
Physics, Field (physics), [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic reconnection, Electron dynamics, Mechanics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, 0103 physical sciences, Perpendicular, Electron heating, 010306 general physics, Layer (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We report measurements of lower-hybrid drift waves driving electron heating and vortical flows in an electron-scale reconnection layer under a guide field. Electrons accelerated by the electrostatic potential of the waves exhibit perpendicular and nongyrotropic heating. The vortical flows generate magnetic field perturbations comparable to the guide field magnitude. The measurements reveal a new regime of electron-wave interaction and how this interaction modifies the electron dynamics in the reconnection layer. publishedVersion

Published
2020

27. Magnetic Reconnection Inside a Flux Transfer Event‐Like Structure in Magnetopause Kelvin‐Helmholtz Waves

Author

Thomas E. Moore, W. R. Paterson, N. Fargette, Craig J. Pollock, Emmanuel Penou, John C. Dorelli, Tai Phan, Christian Jacquey, Levon A. Avanov, Benoit Lavraud, A. C. Rager, Barbara L. Giles, Vincent Génot, Yoshitaka Saito, James L. Burch, K. Malakit, Claire Foullon, S. Fadanelli, K. J. Hwang, Y Vernisse, Hiroshi Hasegawa, David Ruffolo, C. Schiff, Daniel J. Gershman, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, M. Oieroset, R. Kieokaew, J. A. Sauvaud, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Warwick [Coventry], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), NASA Headquarters, Catholic University of America, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Magnetic reconnection, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Solar wind, Geophysics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Helmholtz free energy, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetopause, Flux transfer event, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Magnetopause Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) waves are believed to mediate solar wind plasma transport via small-scale mechanisms. Vortex-induced reconnection (VIR) was predicted in simulations and recently ...

Published
2020

28. Latitudinal Dependence of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability and Beta Dependence of Vortex‐Induced High‐Guide Field Magnetic Reconnection

Author

Tai Phan, Takuma Nakamura, Daniel J. Gershman, Vincent Génot, Yoshitaka Saito, S. Toledo-Redondo, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Matteo Faganello, Y. Vernisse, M. Sisti, E. Penou, Francesco Califano, C. Jacquey, Charlie J. Farrugia, Thomas E. Moore, James L. Burch, Masha Kuznetsova, Benoit Lavraud, Jérémy Dargent, W. R. Paterson, S. Fadanelli, Craig J. Pollock, John C. Dorelli, J.‐A. Sauvaud, Barbara L. Giles, I. Kacem, Christopher T. Russell, Robert E. Ergun, R. Kieokaew, Stefan Eriksson, Levon A. Avanov, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), University of Colorado [Boulder], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Headquarters, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of New Hampshire (UNH), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Dip. di Fisica dell' Universit ádi Milano-Bicocca I-20126 - Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica 'E Fermi' & CNISM, PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Current sheet, space physics, 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pressure gradient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, Magnetic reconnection, Space physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, Vortex, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, Diamagnetism, Magnetopause, Earth’s magnetosphere
Abstract

International audience; We investigate both large‐ and small‐scale properties of a Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) event at the dusk flank magnetopause using Magnetospheric Multiscale observations on 8 September 2015. We first use two types of 3‐D simulations (global and local) to demonstrate that Magnetospheric Multiscale is close to the most KH unstable region, and so the occurrence of vortex‐induced reconnection may be expected. Because they produce low‐shear current sheets, KH vortices constitute a perfect laboratory to investigate magnetic reconnection with large guide field and low asymmetry. Recent works suggest that magnetic reconnection may be suppressed when a current sheet combines large guide field and pressure gradient (which induces a diamagnetic drift). We thus perform a statistical analysis of high‐resolution data for the 69 KH‐induced low‐shear magnetic reconnection events observed on that day. We find that the suppression mechanism is not at work for most of the observed reconnecting current sheets, as predicted, but we also find that almost all nonreconnecting current sheets should be reconnecting according to this model. This confirms the fact that the model provides a necessary but not sufficient condition for reconnection to occur. Finally, based on the same data set, we study the latitudinal distribution of these magnetic reconnection events combined with global magnetospheric modeling. We find that reconnection associated with KH vortices occurs over a significant range of latitudes at the flank magnetopause. It is not confined to the plane where the growth rate is maximum, in agreement with recent 3‐D simulations.

Published
2020

29. On the Ubiquity of Magnetic Reconnection Inside Flux Transfer Event‐Like Structures at the Earth's Magnetopause

Author

Michael O. Chandler, Elena Grigorenko, S. M. Petrinec, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Charlie J. Farrugia, Victoria N. Coffey, W. R. Paterson, C. Schiff, John C. Dorelli, Thomas E. Moore, Marit Øieroset, S. Fadanelli, K. J. Trattner, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Jonathan Eastwood, S. A. Fuselier, T. D. Phan, C. J. Pollock, J. A. Sauvaud, Benoit Lavraud, Yoshitaka Saito, Q. Lenouvel, C. Jacquey, Philippe Garnier, James L. Burch, D. J. Gershman, R. Kieokaew, N. Fargette, D. L. A. Avanov, S. E. Smith, Vincent Génot, Emmanuel Penou, Barbara L. Giles, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center (ATC), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), NASA Headquarters, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Génot, Vincent

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Magnetic reconnection, Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Flux transfer event, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth (classical element), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Flux transfer events (FTEs) are transient phenomena frequently observed at the Earth's magnetopause. Their usual interpretation is a flux rope moving away from the reconnection region. However, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission revealed that magnetic reconnection sometimes occurs inside these structures, questioning their flux rope configuration. Here we investigate 229 FTE‐type structures and find reconnection signatures inside 19% of them. We analyze their large‐scale magnetic topology using electron heat flux and find that it is significantly different across the FTE reconnecting current sheets, demonstrating that they are constituted of two magnetically disconnected structures. We also find that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with reconnecting FTEs presents a strong By component. We discuss several formation mechanisms to explain these observations. In particular, the maximum magnetic shear model predicts that for large IMF By, two spatially distinct X lines coexist at the magnetopause. They can generate separate magnetic flux tubes that may become interlaced.

Published
2020

30. In Situ Observation of Hall Magnetohydrodynamic Cascade in Space Plasma

Author

Roy B. Torbert, Barbara L. Giles, Alexandros Chasapis, Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, Robert J. Strangeway, Lorenzo Matteini, Craig J. Pollock, Simone Landi, Christopher T. Russell, Daniel J. Gershman, Andrea Verdini, Thomas E. Moore, Luca Franci, Petr Hellinger, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, James L. Burch, and William H. Matthaeus

Subjects
General Physics, plasmas, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Energy flux, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, Magnetosheath, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, 010306 general physics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, magnetosheath, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Turbulence, Solar wind, Cascade, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysical plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract

We present estimates of the turbulent energy cascade rate, derived from a Hall-MHD third-order law. We compute the contribution from the Hall term and the MHD term to the energy flux. We use MMS data accumulated in the magnetosheath and the solar wind, and compare the results with previously established simulation results. We find that in observation, the MHD contribution is dominant at inertial scales, as in the simulations, but the Hall term becomes significant in observations at larger scales than in the simulations. Possible reasons are offered for this unanticipated result., Accepted for Publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2020
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31. Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Central North Slope of Alaska, 2020

Author

Tracey J. Mercier, Ronald M. Drake, Kristen R. Marra, Palma J. Botterell, Marilyn E. Tennyson, Thomas M. Finn, William H. Craddock, Samuel J. Heller, Christina A. DeVera, Margaret M. Sanders, Katherine J. Whidden, Katherine L. French, Christopher D. Connors, David W. Houseknecht, Christopher J. Schenk, Rebecca A. Smith, Cevat O. Karacan, William A. Rouse, Richard O. Lease, Scott A. Kinney, Thomas E. Moore, Chilisa M. Shorten, Cheryl A. Woodall, Marc L. Buursink, Julie A. Dumoulin, and Christopher P. Garrity

Subjects
business.industry, Fossil fuel, Geochemistry, business, Geology
Published
2020

32. Statistics of Kinetic Dissipation in Earth's Magnetosheath -- MMS Observations

Author

James L. Burch, Barbara L. Giles, Yan Yang, Alexandros Chasapis, William H. Matthaeus, Roy B. Torbert, Craig J. Pollock, Daniel J. Gershman, Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, Christopher T. Russell, Tulasi N. Parashar, Thomas E. Moore, and Robert J. Strangeway

Subjects
Pointwise, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Thermodynamic equilibrium, Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Dissipation, Kinetic energy, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Magnetosheath, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Physics::Space Physics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

A familiar problem in space and astrophysical plasmas is to understand how dissipation and heating occurs. These effects are often attributed to the cascade of broadband turbulence which transports energy from large scale reservoirs to small scale kinetic degrees of freedom. When collisions are infrequent, local thermodynamic equilibrium is not established. In this case the final stage of energy conversion becomes more complex than in the fluid case, and both pressure-dilatation and pressure strain interactions (Pi-D $\equiv -\Pi_{ij} D_{ij}$) become relevant and potentially important. Pi-D in plasma turbulence has been studied so far primarily using simulations. The present study provides a statistical analysis of Pi-D in the Earth's magnetosheath using the unique measurement capabilities of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that the statistics of Pi-D in this naturally occurring plasma environment exhibit strong resemblance to previously established fully kinetic simulations results. The conversion of energy is concentrated in space and occurs near intense current sheets, but not within them. This supports recent suggestions that the chain of energy transfer channels involves regional, rather than pointwise, correlations., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2020
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33. Energy Conversion and Partition in the Asymmetric Reconnection Diffusion Region

Author

Naoki Bessho, Shan Wang, D. J. Gershman, Michael Hesse, Yi-Hsin Liu, Barbara L. Giles, Li-Jen Chen, Jongsoo Yoo, Masaaki Yamada, and Thomas E. Moore

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Magnetosphere, Magnetic reconnection, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Electric field, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Energy transformation, Magnetopause, Diffusion (business), Atomic physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We investigate the energy conversion and partition in the asymmetric reconnection diffusion region using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and Magnetosphere Multiscale (MMS) mission observations. Under an upstream condition with equal temperatures in the two inflow regions, the simulation analysis indicates that the energy partition between ions and electrons depends on the distance from the X-line. Within the central electron diffusion region (EDR), nearly all dissipated electromagnetic field energies are converted to electrons. From the EDR to the ion diffusion region (IDR) scales, the rate of the electron energy gain decreases to be lower than that of ions. A magnetopause reconnection event inside the IDR observed by MMS shows comparable ion and electron energy gains, consistent with the simulation result in the transition region from EDR to IDR. At the EDR scale, the electron energization is mainly by the reconnection electric field (E(sub r)); in-plane electric fields (E(sub xz)) provide additional positive contributions near the X-line and do negative work on electrons beyond the EDR. The guide field reduces the electron energization by both E(sub r) and E(sub xz) in the EDR. For ion energization, E(sub r) and E(sub xz) have comparable contributions near the time of the peak reconnection rate, while E(sub xz) dominants at later time. At the IDR scale, the guide field causes asymmetry in the amount of the energy gain and energization mechanisms between two exhausts but does not have significant effects on energy partition. Our study advances understanding of ion and electron energization in asymmetric reconnect IDRs.

Published
2018

34. Ion velocity distributions in dipolarization events: Beams in the vicinity of the plasma sheet boundary

Author

M. O. Chandler, Joachim Birn, Andrei Runov, and Thomas E. Moore

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plasma sheet, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Magnetic field, Boundary layer, Acceleration, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Test particle, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Beam (structure), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Using combined MHD/test particle simulations, we further explore characteristic ion velocity distributions in relation to magnetotail reconnection and dipolarization events, focusing on distributions at and near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). Simulated distributions right at the boundary are characterized by a single earthward beam, as discussed earlier (Birn et al., 2015). However, farther inside, the distributions consist of multiple beams parallel and anti-parallel to the magnetic field, remarkably similar to recent Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) observations. The simulations provide insight into the mechanisms: the lowest earthward beam results from direct acceleration at an earthward propagating dipolarization front (DF), with a return beam at somewhat higher energy. A higher-energy earthward beam results from dual acceleration, first near the reconnection site and then at the DF, again with a corresponding return beam resulting from mirroring closer to Earth. Multiple acceleration at the X-line or the propagating DF with intermediate bounces may produce even higher-energy beams. Particles contributing to the lower-energy beams are found to originate from the PSBL with thermal source energies, increasing with increasing beam energy. In contrast, the highest-energy beams consist mostly of particles that have entered the acceleration region via cross-tail drift with source energies in the supra-thermal range.

Published
2017

35. Electron diffusion region during magnetopause reconnection with an intermediate guide field: Magnetospheric multiscale observations

Author

Naoki Bessho, Shan Wang, Roy B. Torbert, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Daniel J. Gershman, William R. Paterson, Christopher T. Russell, Craig J. Pollock, James Webster, Benoit Lavraud, Per-Arne Lindqvist, James L. Burch, L. J. Chen, Robert E. Ergun, Robert J. Strangeway, Barbara L. Giles, John C. Dorelli, Thomas E. Moore, Levon A. Avanov, Michael Hesse, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, electron acceleration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), electron diffusion region, Magnetic reconnection, Electron, Geophysics, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Electron acceleration, diffusion region, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, electric field acceleration, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetopause, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; An electron diffusion region (EDR) in magnetic reconnection with a guide magnetic field approximately 0.2 times the reconnecting component is encountered by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft at the Earth's magnetopause. The distinct substructures in the EDR on both sides of the reconnecting current sheet are visualized with electron distribution functions that are 2 orders of magnitude higher cadence than ever achieved to enable the following new findings: (1) Motion of the demagnetized electrons plays an important role to sustain the reconnection current and contributes to the dissipation due to the nonideal electric field, (2) the finite guide field dominates over the Hall magnetic field in an electron-scale region in the exhaust and modifies the electron flow dynamics in the EDR, (3) the reconnection current is in part carried by inflowing field-aligned electrons in the magnetosphere part of the EDR, and (4) the reconnection electric field measured by multiple spacecraft is uniform over at least eight electron skin depths and corresponds to a reconnection rate of approximately 0.1. The observations establish the first look at the structure of the EDR under a weak but not negligible guide field.

Published
2017

36. Mass Loading the Earth's Dayside Magnetopause Boundary Layer and Its Effect on Magnetic Reconnection

Author

Paul Tenfjord, Robert J. Strangeway, Daniel B. Graham, Stein Haaland, Thomas E. Moore, S. A. Fuselier, Benoit Lavraud, Michael Hesse, Wenya Li, James L. Burch, Sarah K. Vines, K. J. Trattner, Jérémy Dargent, S. M. Petrinec, Mats André, Katariina Nykyri, Alex Glocer, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, C. R. Chappell, L. M. Kistler, Michael H. Denton, N. Aunai, L. Alm, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center (ATC), European Space Agency (ESA), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), EOS Space Science Center [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CFD Lab [Montréal], Department of Mechanical Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field line, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Magnetic reconnection, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Boundary layer, Geophysics, Magnetosheath, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Ionosphere, Interplanetary magnetic field, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; When the interplanetary magnetic field is northward for a period of time, O + from the high-latitude ionosphere escapes along reconnected magnetic field lines into the dayside magnetopause boundary layer. Dual-lobe reconnection closes these field lines, which traps O + and mass loads the boundary layer. This O + is an additional source of magnetospheric plasma that interacts with magnetosheath plasma through magnetic reconnection. This mass loading and interaction is illustrated through analysis of a magnetopause crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. While in the O +-rich boundary layer, the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward. As the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft cross the high-shear magnetopause, reconnection signatures are observed. While the reconnection rate is likely reduced by the mass loading, reconnection is not suppressed at the magnetopause. The high-latitude dayside ionosphere is therefore a source of magnetospheric ions that contributes often to transient reduction in the reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause.

Published
2019

38. In situ spacecraft observations of a structured electron diffusion region during magnetopause reconnection

Author

A. Alexandrova, Robert E. Ergun, Rumi Nakamura, Alessandro Retinò, Francesco Califano, Filomena Catapano, Thomas E. Moore, S. A. Fuselier, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Hugo Breuillard, Andris Vaivads, Barry Mauk, Barbara L. Giles, Giulia Cozzani, James L. Burch, Roy B. Torbert, Huishan Fu, Narges Ahmadi, Christopher T. Russell, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, O. Le Contel, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Dipartimento di Fisica 'E. Fermi', University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Fisica 'E Fermi' & CNISM, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Dipartimento di Fisica Università della Calabria, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Space Science Division [San Antonio], and Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI)

Subjects
Inertial frame of reference, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Energy transformation, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Magnetic reconnection, Physics - Plasma Physics, MMS, Computational physics, Satellite observations, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Satellite observations, Magnetosphere, Magnetic reconnection, MMS, Magnetosphere, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetopause, business
Abstract

International audience; The Electron Diffusion Region (EDR) is the region where magnetic reconnection is initiated and electrons are energized. Because of experimental difficulties, the structure of the EDR is still poorly understood. A key question is whether the EDR has a homogeneous or patchy structure. Here we report Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) novel spacecraft observations providing evidence of inhomogeneous current densities and energy conversion over a few electron inertial lengths within an EDR at the terrestrial magnetopause, suggesting that the EDR can be rather structured. These inhomogenenities are revealed through multi-point measurements because the spacecraft separation is comparable to a few electron inertial lengths, allowing the entire MMS tetrahedron to be within the EDR most of the time. These observations are consistent with recent high-resolution and low-noise kinetic simulations.

Published
2019

39. Publisher Correction: Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath

Author

O. Le Contel, Michael Shay, James L. Burch, Christopher T. Russell, Paul Cassak, T. D. Phan, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Marit Øieroset, Werner Magnes, C. J. Pollock, Frederick Wilder, Benoit Lavraud, A. C. Rager, Alessandro Retinò, Barbara L. Giles, Robert J. Strangeway, M. Fujimoto, Prayash Sharma Pyakurel, Roy B. Torbert, D. J. Gershman, Yoshitaka Saito, John C. Dorelli, Thomas E. Moore, Colby Haggerty, Bengt U. Ö. Sonnerup, Matthew R. Argall, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Robert E. Ergun, James Drake, Jonathan Eastwood, Mitsuo Oka, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Physics, Coupling, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010405 organic chemistry, 030306 microbiology, Turbulence, General Science & Technology, Magnetic reconnection, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Computational physics, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, Current sheet, Magnetosheath, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], MD Multidisciplinary, Wrong direction, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; In Fig. 3f of this Letter, owing to an error in the production process, the y-axis values are incorrect, and should go from 4 to −8 (rather than from 4 to −4), and in Fig. 3h, the y-axis values (18, 20, 22, 24) should appear next to the major tick marks (rather than the minor ticks). In addition, in Fig. 1b, the arrows at the top and the bottom of the electron-scale current sheet were going in the wrong direction. These errors have been corrected online.

Published
2019

42. Ion Behaviors in the Reconnection Diffusion Region of a Corrugated Magnetotail Current Sheet

Author

Shan Wang, Thomas E. Moore, Barbara L. Giles, Naoki Bessho, Li-Jen Chen, and Michael Hesse

Subjects
Physics, Current sheet, Acceleration, Geophysics, Planar, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetic reconnection, Ion acceleration, Current (fluid), Diffusion (business), Ion, Computational physics
Abstract

The current sheet structure and ion behaviors in a magnetotail reconnection diffusion region are investigated. The multispacecraft analysis suggests a corrugated current sheet structure, interpreted as due to a flapping motion that propagates along geocentric solar magnetospheric along the +y direction in the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinate. The electric field (E) and ion distributions have similarities with those in a planar current sheet. Energetic ions move along the current direction, suggesting the acceleration by the observed reconnection E during the meandering motion. Counterstreaming ions along the current sheet normal suggest the acceleration by the Hall E that is observed to be the dominant component. However, at certain locations, E and counterstreaming ions significantly deviate from the local normal direction, and more than one pair of counterstreaming populations exist, possibly because the corrugated current sheet enables ions entering the current sheet at different locations with different velocities to mix together. publishedVersion

Published
2019

43. Electron Diffusion Regions in Magnetotail Reconnection Under Varying Guide Fields

Author

James L. Burch, O. Le Contel, Shan Wang, Naoki Bessho, Thomas E. Moore, Robert J. Strangeway, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, W. R. Paterson, L. J. Chen, Barbara L. Giles, Michael Hesse, C. J. Pollock, Roy B. Torbert, Christopher T. Russell, Kevin Genestreti, Robert E. Ergun, Benoit Lavraud, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), EOS Space Science Center [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Denali Scientific, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California-University of California, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Population, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Electron, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Kinetic energy, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Current sheet, Geophysics, Physics::Space Physics, Perpendicular, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Diffusion (business), education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Kinetic structures of electron diffusion regions (EDRs) under finite guide fields in magnetotail reconnection are reported. The EDRs with guide fields 0.14-0.5 (in unit of the reconnecting component) are detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The key new features include the following: (1) cold inflowing electrons accelerated along the guide field and demagnetized at the magnetic field minimum while remaining a coherent population with a low perpendicular temperature, (2) wave fluctuations generating strong perpendicular electron flows followed by alternating parallel flows inside the reconnecting current sheet under an intermediate guide field, and (3) gyrophase bunched electrons with high parallel speeds leaving the X-line region. The normalized reconnection rates for the three EDRs range from 0.05 to 0.3. The measurements reveal that finite guide fields introduce new mechanisms to break the electron frozen-in condition. Plain Language Summary Magnetic reconnection plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the terrestrial magnetotail. For reconnection to occur, the plasma must decouple from the magnetic field. The bounce motion of particles in the magnetotail current sheet is regarded as a key to this decoupling for cases when the current sheet has no magnetic field along the direction of the current. This paper reports that while bounce motion remains relevant when a finite magnetic field is present along the current, new mechanisms to decouple electrons from the magnetic field are introduced, and new open questions unfold. The observations are based on measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The mission's unprecedented high cadence electron data make possible the revelation of the new mechanisms. The results reported in this paper expand the frontiers of our knowledge on magnetotail reconnection and have major implications on the fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection in all plasma systems where binary collisions are not effective, including solar, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. Rapid dissemination of the results will set the ground for advances in magnetic reconnection research.

Published
2019

44. High‐density O+ in Earth's outer magnetosphere and its effect on dayside magnetopause magnetic reconnection

Author

Michael Hesse, Sarah K. Vines, Jérémy Dargent, Paul Tenfjord, Benoit Lavraud, Daniel B. Graham, Stein Haaland, K. J. Trattner, James L. Burch, Mats André, J. Mukherjee, C. R. Chappell, S. M. Petrinec, S. A. Fuselier, Thomas E. Moore, Wenya Li, Robert J. Strangeway, L. M. Kistler, N. Aunai, Michael H. Denton, Alex Glocer, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Departamento de Física [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], High density, Magnetosphere, Physics::Optics, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics, Physics::Classical Physics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetopause, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth (classical element), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The warm plasma cloak is a source of magnetospheric plasma that contain significant O+. When the O+ density in the magnetosphere near the magnetopause is >0.2 cm‐3 and the H+ density is 20% due to mass‐loading only about 2% to 4% of the time. However, during geomagnetic storms, O+ dominates the mass density of the warm plasma cloak and these mass densities are very high. Therefore, a separate study is conducted to determine the effect of the warm plasma cloak on magnetopause reconnection during geomagnetically disturbed times. This study shows that the warm plasma cloak reduces the reconnection rate significantly about 25% of the time during disturbed conditions. publishedVersion

Published
2019

47. Four-Spacecraft Measurements of the Shape and Dimensionality of Magnetic Structures in the Near-Earth Plasma Environment

Author

Christian Jacquey, Christopher Russell, Craig J. Pollock, E. Penou, Tai Phan, Charlie J. Farrugia, Francesco Califano, I. Kacem, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Thomas E. Moore, J-A Sauvaud, Rumi Nakamura, Benoit Lavraud, M. O. Chandler, John C. Dorelli, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev, S. Toledo Redondo, Barbara L. Giles, Levon A. Avanov, William R. Paterson, D. J. Gershman, Y. Vernisse, Shan Wang, Jonathan Eastwood, V. N. Coffey, S. A. Fuselier, Robert E. Ergun, Yoshifumi Saito, S. E. Smith, S. Fadanelli, C. Schiff, Elena Grigorenko, Roy B. Torbert, A. C. Rager, O. Le Contel, Shoichiro Yokota, Aurélie Marchaudon, Vincent Génot, James L. Burch, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), PIBERNE, Rodrigue, and Dipartimento di Fisica 'E Fermi' & CNISM

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spacecraft, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Plasma, Magnetic field gradient, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, Magnetic field, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth (classical element), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Curse of dimensionality
Abstract

著者人数: 39名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 長谷川, 洋; 齋藤, 義文), Number of authors: 39 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Saito, Yoshifumi), Accepted: 2019-06-10, 資料番号: SA1190161000

Published
2019

48. Turbulence-Driven Ion Beams in the Magnetospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

Author

Owen Roberts, Thomas E. Moore, Francesco Malara, Vincenzo Panebianco, Oreste Pezzi, Pierluigi Veltri, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev, Olivier Le Contel, James L. Burch, Vincenzo Carbone, Raffaele Marino, Federico Fraternale, Barbara L. Giles, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Alessandro Retinò, Filomena Catapano, Jesse T. Coburn, Silvia Perri, Francesca Di Mare, Christopher T. Russell, Antonella Greco, Francesco Valentini, Roy B. Torbert, Denise Perrone, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
General Physics, CASCADE, Physics, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Space (mathematics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, SIGNATURES, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, PLASMA, Turbulence, turbulence, Plasma, Dissipation, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), solar wind, Energy cascade, SOLAR-WIND, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, INTERMITTENCY, SCALES, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The description of the local turbulent energy transfer, and the high-resolution ion distributions measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, together provide a formidable tool to explore the cross-scale connection between the fluid-scale energy cascade and plasma processes at sub-ion scales. When the small-scale energy transfer is dominated by Alfv\'enic, correlated velocity and magnetic field fluctuations, beams of accelerated particles are more likely observed. Here, for the first time we report observations suggesting the nonlinear wave-particle interaction as one possible mechanism for the energy dissipation in space plasmas., Comment: Includes Supplemental material

Published
2019

50. MMS observations of ion-scale magnetic island in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma

Author

Barbara L. Giles, Shiyong Huang, Meng Zhou, Ferdinand Plaschke, Zhigang Yuan, Brian J. Anderson, K. A. Goodrich, Fouad Sahraoui, Thomas E. Moore, Werner Magnes, Huishan Fu, Alessandro Retinò, O. Le Contel, Robert J. Strangeway, Y. Pang, K. Bromund, Nicolas Aunai, Alexandros Chasapis, X. H. Deng, James L. Burch, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Dedong Wang, Robert E. Ergun, Hannes K. Leinweber, Roy B. Torbert, Christopher T. Russell, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Hugo Breuillard, and Craig J. Pollock

Subjects
Physics, Turbulent plasma, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scale (ratio), Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, L-shell, Magnetosheath, Multiscale coupling, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In this letter, first observations of ion-scale magnetic island from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma are presented. The magnetic island is characterized ...

Published
2016

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