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Farm tenancy in Oklahoma is so closely associated with cotton farming that when the percentage of cotton acreage is held constant, the correlation between tenancy and most of the situations here examined, generally supposed to be adversely affected by tenancy, is greatly reduced or entirely removed. This suggests that the difficulty lies less in tenancy than in the economic conditions growing out of the traditional system of cotton production in the South.

The goal is to devise an objective statistical test of a generating hypothesis-in this case, a latent decision to vote in an election. The hypothesis is used to generate a set of predictive items and to arrange them in the rank order of relevance. Factor analysis provides a first test of the a priori ranking in terms of the factor loadings of the first component. A second test of the a priori ranking is provided by the observed power of the items to predict voting turnout. These rankings are statistically summarized by coefficients of rank correlation, and, in the example used here, the significance test sustain the generating hypothesis.

The concepts of security and insecurity, which originated with W. I. Thomas and Alfred Adler, have not been consistently defined, nor has a theory been developed. Most writings fall in one of nine rough categories, according to the meaning or causal explanation employed. The characteristic tone is clinical, normative, and propagandistic rather than scientific, and there has been no rigorous testing of hypotheses as yet. The usefulness of the subjective concept for any scientific purpose remains to be demostrated.

but they must constantly validate their right to exercise the functions associated with them. My conclusion will take the form of an hypothesis for further testing: The conscious maintenance of relatively high anxiety plateaus as an adaptive pattern occurs among those infrequently encountered groups whose cultures are tightly integrated and faced by serious threats by hostile environmental forces. As a corollary to this proposition, we might also expect to find that under such conditions the way of life will be maintained by effective authority controls. In addition to the illustrative materials considered in this paper, we might also predict the same covariation of these factors among other religious enclaves, like the Amish of Pennsylvania."9 As controls in a cross-cultural sampling of case materials, it is suggested that perceived critical environmental threats (especially resulting from culture contact) and tight cultural integration be held constant, while varying presence and absence of effective authority offices. In the absence of such offices we should predict a lack of emphasis upon personal control of anxiety release as a deeply shared command value.

A set of unordered attributes in a contingency table is scaled by analogy with a simple physical law; it is suggested that the method may be used to construct a numerical index of any attribute.

Both marriage and divorce rates in Wisconsin were promptly and sharply deflected by the economic depression of the 1930's, but the deficits were soon made up. The marriage habits of rural people were less affected than those of city people. The older and wealthier rural counties resembled the cities in the behavior of their rates. Counties with heavy relief costs had lower marriage rates. Counties with the largest proportion of females gainfully employed had the highest marriage and divorce rates, and their marriage rates were more sensitive to business fluctuations. A decline in the marriage rate was responsible for at least 90 per cent of the net reduction in the general fertility rate between 1930 and 1935.

Simple and rapid comparisons of frequency percentages are suggested as an alternative to scoring and scaling methods in analyzing many attitudes questionnaires: an "instantaneous" crude coefficient of correspondence between two attitude patterns of a population toward different objects; a basis for predicting roughly what percentage of individuals in a second sample from a population might express a particular attitude; and the Pearsonian r as a measure of resemblance between the attitude patterns of two populations. Caution is urged in the use of tests of statistical significance when applied to attitude data.

one to column (2); one to column (4); two to column (1); two to column (5). The arithmetic mean of each trait (e.g., Education) was found, and these means were expressed as percentages of the maximum mean of 2. On the basis of these percentages, the traits were then ranked from the most important to the least important, as shown in Table 2. According to these results, the traits most desired in a prospective husband by the 259 college girls were character and intelligence. The popularity of the young man, especially with the girl's family, ranked second in importance. Then followed in order the man's physical characteristics, his religious affiliation and family, and his occupation. Of least consequence were nationality back

SOCIOLOGISTS, who have to work a great deal with unmeasured factors, or attributes, often find themselves with data like those of Table 1. A table of this kind, if the frequencies are large, is generally used like an actuarial table to infer, say, that if a prisoner is a murderer he has about 85 chances in 100 of succeeding. on parole, whereas if he is a swindler he has only 62 chances. The above procedure is considered legitimate if a Chi-square (X2) test shows a "significant" value of x2, and worthwhile if some measure of association applied to the table is found to be reasonably high. In the writer's experience, the usual inference is then that there must be cor

of quarrels and reconciliations expressible by a jagged curve comparable to some of our own type curves? Here again the approach we are suggesting might find applications. (4) Family Structure Diagram: It is not difficult to work out diagrammatic descriptions of the structure of family groups. Dominance-subordination and affectional relationships can be symbolized. Again a selection from type diagrams could be made by way of indicating one's own family situation. (5) Adjustment to Bereavement Experience: Loss of a loved person by death is similar to loss through social causes. It is possible that curves and diagrams could be worked out which permit a selection of some type corresponding to the subject's own experience. From classification and sampling yet more descriptive symbolic configurations could be conceived. (6) Adjustment of Veterans to Civilian Life: There is nothing simple' about adjustment of soldiers. Yet conceivably the method here discussed might supplement other modes of study and contribute to a typological analysis. (7) Classification of Racial Types: A final example may be chosen in a slightly different area. Anthropometric measurements often ignore configurational aspects. The senior writer of this article once directed the preparation of scales to measure or at least classify degrees of Negroid-Caucasoid appearance. Pictures of person of mixed blood were rated by judges and arranged in a scale. Subjects could rate themselves and be rated by others by means of matching against the picture series. The method here is intermediate between a configurational typological approach and a quantitative approach. The empirical research providing the spring-board from which the methodological discussion was launched is merely tentative and exploratory. Much checking of reliability, validity, and applicability would need 'to be done before the symbolic configuration selection method here suggested could find acceptance as a sociological tool.

16 See Percy Black and Ruth D. Atkins, "Conformity versus Prejudice in White-Negro Populations in the South: Some Methodological Considerations." Journal of Psychology, (1950), Vol. 30, 109-121. under given conditions, or at least (b) is not regarded by a society as a problem in the sense of requiring community action. The amount of discrimination that has been shown to exist in the present study, for example, is not incompatible with the peaceful and efficient functioning of the institution in question.